Umutwe wa gatatu: Uburenganzira n’inshingano by’umwana
a) bahomvomvywaga b) ntuzahomvomvywe c) yarahomvomvywaga mfw/Mfw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi mfw.
2. Erekana igihekane mfw/Mfw.
3. Soma umugemo ukurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Semfwati yatiye imfwati ku muturanyi.b) Nyiramfwati abika neza imfwati ye.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Ntazongera gusuzugura
Semfwati mukuru wa Mfwati yakundaga gusuzugura ababyeyi. Mu
gihe k’ibiruhuko ababyeyi bababuzaga kuzererera mu mihana. Umunsi
umwe, Semfwati na Mfwati babirengaho.
Bageze munsi y’urugo rwa Senshywa babona igiti cy’umwembe.
Semfwati abwira Mfwati ngo bacyurire maze aramwangira. Semfwati
yuriye igiti ishami riravunika yitura hejuru y’imfwati.
Iyo mfwati yamuciye igisebe arembywa na cyo. Mfwati yihutiye
kubibwira se na nyina Nyiramfwati baza bashwekura. Nuko bajyana
Semfwati kwa muganga bahombywa n’amakosa ye.
Semfwati abonye igihombo ateje ababyeyi yiyemeza kutazongerakubasuzugura.
a) Ni gihe ki Mfwati na Semfwati babuzwaga kuzerera?
b) Semfwati yahombeje ababyeyi be ate?c) Ni ibihe bintu biranga umwana wumvira?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Shaka amagambo nibura abiri mu mwandiko arimo igihekane mfw, uyandike
mu ikaye yawe.Igihekane mvy/Mvy
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi mvy.
2. Erekana igihekane mvy/Mvy.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma kandi wandike amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Semfwati arahomvomvya murumuna we.b) Ntibazabahomvomvye kuko muhomvomvye byambabaza
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Akarima k’igikoni
Umunsi umwe, nge na Semfwati twari twicaranye tuganira. Mama
yadusabye kubagara akarima k’igikoni kugira ngo katazarumba.
Semfwati yarahomvomvye nuko atangira kwijujutira ibyo
badusabye gukora. Mama yabajije Semfwati impamvu ahomvomva
biramuyobera maze aramucyaha.
Semfwati yaratakambye avuga ko nubwo yahomvomvye turi
bukabagare. Twahise dufata imfwati maze twerekeza ku karima
k’igikoni. Twakabagaye neza maze nshimishwa n’uko Semfwati
atahomvomvye nanone. Turangije mama yaradushimiye atubwira
ko twubahirije inshingano yaduhaye.
Semfwati anezezwa n’uko twakoreye hamwe yihana kuzongera
guhomvomva. Kuva ubwo sinongeye kumwumva yahomvomvye igihe
baduhaye inshingano.
a) Kuki semfwati yahomvomvye?
b) Ni uwuhe murimo abana bavugwa mu gakuru bafashije ababyeyi?c) Ni iyihe mirimo abana bashobora gukora?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Tondeka imigemo ukore ijambo ryumvikana, uryandike mumukono, uce akarongo ku gihekane mvy.
a) mvya - ho - mvo - gu
b) ra - mvye- ho - ya- mvo
c) mvye - nda - mvo - hod) za - mu - mvo - ntu- ho - mvye
Igihekane mvyw/Mvyw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi mvyw.
2. Erekana igihekane mvyw/Mvyw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Ntugahomvomvywe n’amafuti ya bagenzi bawe.b) Mpomvomvywa no kubona yiyandarika.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Ibiyobyabwenge
Hari abanyeshuri ku kigo cya Mutuzo banywaga ibiyobyabwenge.
Abo banyeshuri bagahora bahomvomvywa na byo. Umugoroba umwe
Nyiramfwati ajya kubareba bahomvomva.
Ababwira ko bahomvomvye cyane bakabuza amahoro abahisi
n’abagenzi. Ababaza ikibahomvomvya bakomeza kuvuga amagambo
aterekeranye kubera ubusinzi. Uwari ugifite agatege avuga ko
bahomvomvywaga n’itabi banyoye. Ababwira ko bidakwiye guhora
bahomvomvywa n’ibiyobyabwenge banywa.
Abasobanurira ko ibiyobyabwenge bituma bata umutwe
ntibatekereze neza. Anababwira ko ibyo biyobyabwenge
bibahomvomvya bituma batiga neza. Bumvise inama ze barabireka,
ubu ntibagihomvomvywa na byo.a) Abanyeshuri bavugwa bigaga ku kihe kigo?
b) Ni iki cyatumye abo banyeshuri bareka ibiyobyabwenge?
d) Ni izihe ngaruka zo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kubanyeshuri?7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Garagaraza imigemo igize amagambo akurikira, uyandikemu mukono, unace akarongo ku gihekane mvyw.
a) bahomvomvywaga
b) ntuzahomvomvywec) yarahomvomvywaga
Imyitozo
1. Huza igihekane n’ishusho irimo ijwi bijyanye
2. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
3. Soma amagambo akurikira.
4. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Semfwati yahomvomvye kandi ntahomvomvywa n’ubusa.b) Nyiramfwati yahomvomvejwe no kwibwa imfwati.
5. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Yisubiyeho
Nyiraneza yari yarigize indakoreka agahora asuzugura se Semfwati.
Semfwati yamubuzaga kugira urugomo ariko akanga kumwumvira. Umunsi
umwe, yanasuzuguye umuturanyi wabo Bumvwanase wabatizaga imfwati.
Bumvwanase amucyashye, Nyiraneza atangira guhomvomvywa n’amafuti ye.
Bumvwanase amubwira ko kutubaha ababyeyi ari ikizira kikaziririzwa.
Nyiraneza yumva ko Bumvwanase ababajwe cyane n’ihomvomva rye.
Semfwati na we arumirwa kuko Nyiraneza ashyogoranya n’umuturanyi.
Agira agahinda kenshi kubera imico idahwitse y’umwana we.
Nyiraneza abonye ko se ababaye yiyemeza kutazongera gusuzugura.
a) Ni iki Nyiraneza yahoraga abuzwa na se?
b) Ni ikihe kemezo Nyiraneza yafashe abonye se ababaye?
c) Nyuma yo gusoma uyu mwandiko, uratekereza ko Nyiranezaazitwara ate?
6. Uzurisha ibihekane mfw, mvy na mvyw, ukore interuroyumvikana, uyandike mu mukono.
a) Yahomvo_____e kubera amakosa ye.
b) Se_____ati yaje iwacu gutira i_____ati.
c) Beyata arahomvo_____a no kubura amahoro.d) Guhomvo_____a bagenzi bawe si byiza.
Igihekane pfw/Pfw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi pfw.
2. Erekana igihekane pfw/Pfw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Muneza yakapfakapfwe n’indwara.b) Ubwatsi bukapfakapfwa n’inka.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Yumvira umubyeyi we
Gahongayire yavuye ku ishuri ahomvomvywa n’imikino yabaye.
Nuko asanga se ababajwe n’imbyeyi yari yakapfakapfwe n’indwara.
Se yahise amutuma ku muvuzi w’amatungo.
Nk’uko byari bisanzwe, Gahongayire yumviye se ajya
kumuhamagara. Se asigara anejejwe n’uko Gahongayire
amwumvira buri gihe. Yageze ku muvuzi w’amatungo amubwira ko
imbyeyi yabo yakapfakapfwe. Umuvuzi w’amatungo araza asanga
indwara yarayizonze cyane. Yashimiye Gahongayire umwete yagizentatenguhe se akamugeraho adatinze.
Umuvuzi w’amatungo yaberetse ibyo bamufasha bayiha umuti
vuba. Imbyeyi ntiyongeye gukapfakapfwa ukundi yahise ikira.
a) Gahongayire yahomvomvywaga n’iki?
b) Kubera iki umuvuzi w’amatungo yashimiye Gahongayire?c) Ni iki wakwigira kuri Gahongayire?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Shaka mu mwandiko amagambo nibura abiri arimo igihekane pfw, uyandike mu mukono.Igihekane pfy/Pfy
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi pfy.
2. Erekana igihekane pfy/Pfy.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Inka zakapfakapfye icyarire.
b) Ingurube yakapfakapfye ibyatsi.6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Inka ya Kamari
Kamari yari afite abana yakanguriraga kwita ku matungo.
Yakundaga kubona inka yabo yakapfakapfye ubwatsi igahaga.
Yavuye ku isoko asanga inka ye yakapfakapfwe n’inzara. Abaza
abana impamvu inka yakapfakapfwe n’inzara kandi bahari.
Bamusabye imbabazi bamubwira ko batubahirije inshingano zabo.
Se yabasobanuriye ko atari byiza guteshuka ku nshingano. Bafata
ubwatsi babuha inka, kubera gusonza, inka yabukapfakapfye
bwangu. Bayizaniye n’amazi iranywa irahembuka.
Kuva ubwo abo bana bakangukiye kuzuza inshingano zabo. Inkayabo na yo ntiyongeye gukapfakapfwa n’inzara ukundi.
a) Igihe Kamari yasangaga inka ye yakapfakapfwen’inzara yari avuye he?b) Kuki abana basabye se imbabazi?c) Ni izihe nshingano z’umwana mu rugo?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Garagaraza imigemo igize amagambo akurikira, uyandike mu mukono,
unace akarongo ku gihekane pfy.
a) yakapfakapfye
b) ikapfakapfyec) ntibukapfakapfye
Igihekane vw/Vw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi vw.
2. Erekana igihekane vw/Vw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Indabo zikunda guhovwamo n’inzuki.b) Indabo z’ibitumbwe ntizihovwamo.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Nyirampovwa n’umuhungu we
Nyirampovwa yasanze umuhungu we Mpovwe anywa ibiyobyabwenge.
Mpovwe amubonye ahita abihisha mu byatsi hafi y’urugo. Nyina
amubwira ko ibiyobyabwenge byangiza umubiri w’umuntu ubinywa.
Mpovwe ntiyumvise ibyo nyina yamubwiraga atangira kuvuga
amahomvu. Ubwo Mpovwe yari yicaye ku byatsi inka zakapfakapfye.
Mpovwe abonye nyina agiye, yongera kunywa bya biyobyabwenge.
Yataye ubwenge ajya kuryama mu ndabo zahovwagaho n’inzuki.
Yakubaganiye inzuki ziramudwinga maze ataha yabyimbye mu maso.
Nyina amubonye amukandisha amazi ashyushye Mpovwe ahita
abyimbuka. Mpovwe yashimiye nyina amubwira ko atazongerakwiyahuza ibiyobyabwenge.
a) Ni hehe Mpovwe yahishe ibiyobyabwenge?
b) Kuki nyina yamukandishije amazi ashyushye?
c) Iyo Mpovwe nyina atamubona, uratekereza kobyari kumugendekera bite?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Uzurisha iyi migemo: za, ma, zi, mo ukore amagambo arimo igihekane vw, maze
uyandike mu mukono.Imyitozo
1. Huza igihekane n’ishusho irimo ijwi bijyanye.
2. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
3. Soma amagambo akurikira.
4. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Inka yakapfakapfye ubwatsi.b) Ubuki ntibuhovwa mu mabuye.
5. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Nayihaye amazi
Nimugoroba nageze imuhira nsanga inka yakapfakapfye ubwatsi.
Yananiwe kubumara kubera ko twayimenyereje kubanza kuyiha amazi.
Nge naketse ko ahari ishobora kuba yakapfakapfwe n’indwara.
Nihutiye kubwira data ko inka yakapfakapfwe ntiyarya ubwatsi. Data
ansaba kuyiha urubingo mbanje kuyuhira. Inka si ukurya urubingo
irasizora. Byanyeretse ko itari yakapfakapfwe n’indwara nk’uko
natekerezaga mbere. Data yahise anshimira ampa ubuki buhovwa mu
ndabo.
Bwarandyoheye niyemeza kujya mbungabunga indabo kukozihovwamo ubuki.
a) Baketse iki babonye inka yananiwe kurya ubwatsi?6. Uzurisha ibihekane pfw, pfy na vw ukore interuro yumvikana, uyandike
b) Ubuki bwavuzwe mu mwandiko buhovwa hehe?
c) Ni iki kerekana ko umwana uvugwa mu mwandikoyafashaga ababyeyi imirimo?
mu mukono.
a) Nyogokuruza yakapfaka_____e n’uburwayi.
b) Indabo ziho_____amo ubuki buryoshye.c) Imfizi yakapfaka____e ubwatsi ntiyaburya.
Igihekane vy/Vy
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi vy.
2. Erekana igihekane vy/Vy.
3. Soma umugemo ukurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Inzuki zahovye zikora ubuki.b) Uruyuki rwahovye rutaha mu muzinga.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Yaramutwaje
Mariza yasanze nyirasenge ku nzira yananiwe kugera iwe.
Yiyemeza kumutwaza umuba w’inkwi wari wamuteye umunaniro.
Mu nzira bagenda, banyura ku nzuki zahovye mu ndabo.
Nyirasenge amusaba kujya yita ku ndabo zihovwamo n’inzuki.
Bidatinze bahuye n’umuvumvu aririmbira inzuki ze amavumvu.
Abaganiriza ko iyo inzuki ze zahovye neza aziririmbira. Mariza
na nyirasenge bamenya ko inzuki zahovye neza baziririmbira.
Umuvumvu abasezeraho bakomeza kugenda bitegereza indabo
zihovwamo n’inzuki.
Bakomeza urugendo Mariza amugereza inkwi mu rugo. Nuko
nyirasenge amushimira uburere yatojwe bwo gufasha ababyeyi.a) Kuki Mariza yatwaje nyirasenge inkwi?7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
b) Ni iki umuvumvu bahuye yaririmbiraga inzuki?c) Ni iki wakwigira kuri Mariza?
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Uzurisha mu kinyatuzu imigemo ikurikira: ra, za, ho, mo,
maze ukore ijambo ririmo igihekane vy, uryandike mu mukono.Igihekane ryw/Ryw
1. Erekana amashusho arimo ijwi ryw.
2. Erekana igihekane ryw/Ryw.
3. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
4. Soma amagambo akurikira.
5. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Ntukaryarywe n’abajura.b) Ntitugatume abandi baryarywa.
6. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Twararyarywe baratwiba
Umunsi umwe twasigaye ku rugo mama yagiye guhaha. Twaryarywe
n’abajura duta urugo twigira kureba indabo zahovwagamo.
Twatinze tureba indabo zahovywemo n’inzuki tugarutse dusanga
twaryarywe. Abajura baraducucuye batwiba byinshi, twicuza impamvu
twaryarywe tukemera. Nimugoroba mama avuye guhaha atubaza
impamvu twaryarywe bakatwiba. Tumusobanurira ko twabeshywe
ko kureba inzuki zahovye bishimisha. Mama adusobanurira ko atari
byiza kuryarywa tugata urugo. Yanatubwiye ko inzuki zahovye ubuki
zashoboraga kutudwinga.
Abajura twaryarywe na bo barafashwe bagarura ibyo batwibye. Kuva
ubwo ntitwongeye kuryarywa ukundi ngo dute urugo.a) Abana baryarywe na ba nde?
b) Nyina yabasobanuriye ko inzuki zabagira gute?c) Wakwirinda ute abagushuka?
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana igihekane gikurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
9. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
10. Garagaraza imigemo igize amagambo akurikira, uyandike mu mukono, unace akarongo
ku gihekane ryw.a) yaryarywe
b) bararyarywac) ntimuzaryarywe
Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatatu
1. Huza igihekane n’ishusho irimo ijwi bijyanye.
2. Soma imigemo ikurikira.
3. Soma amagambo akurikira.
4. Soma interuro zikurikira.
a) Yasitaye ku mfwati arakapfakapfwa.
b) Arahomvomvywa no kureba inka yakapfakapfye indabo zihovwamo.5. Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo.
Mfwati yikozeho
Mfwati yakundaga kuryarywa bigatuma arya ibiribwa bidafite
ubuziranenge. Nyina yamutozaga kujya yitondera ibiribwa
byakwangiza ubuzima bwe.
Yaje kuryarywa arya avoka yatoraguye mu byatsi. Yatangiye
guhomvomvywa n’ububabare, nyina ajya kureba ikimuhomvomvya.
Yasanze yakapfakapfwe n’indwara yatewe no kurya ibidafite
ubuziranenge. Amubaza impamvu, amusubiza ko yaryarywe
akarya avoka mbi. Nyina yahise amushakira umuti uvanze n’ubuki
bwahovywe n’inzuki.
Bidatinze Mfwati yarazanzamutse atangazwa n’inzuki zihova
ubuki bumukijije. Ntiyongeye kuryarywa ngo yongere arye ibiribwa
byamwangiriza ubuzima.a) Ni iki nyina wa Mfwati yamutozaga?
b) Kubera iki ibyo Mfwati yariye byamuteye indwara?
c) Kuki tugomba kurya ibiribwa byujuje ubuziranenge?
6. Itegereze amashusho wahawe ukore inkuru wandika interuro imwe kuri buri shusho.
7. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana amagambo akurikira.
8. Soma kandi wandike mu mukono wigana interuro ikurikira.
9. Uzurisha ibihekane mfw, mvy, mvyw, pfw, pfy, vw ukore
interuro yumvikana, uyandike unoza mu ikaye yawe.
a) I____ati itera ingemwe z'ibiti neza.
b) Yahomvo____e cyane sinamwumva.
c) Yakoze amakosa ahomvo____a na yo.
d) Inka yakapfaka_____e ubwatsi.
e) Indabo zikunda guho_____amo ubuki.
f) Yakapfaka____e n’uburwayi.