UMUTWE WA 2 : UBURINGANIRE N’UBWUZUZANYE
UMUTWE WA 2: UBURINGANIRE N’UBWUZUZANYEUMWANDIKO: ABABIRI BAJYA INAMA
Umuryango wa Kamari na Nyiramana, ni umuryango witeje imbere mu gihe
nyamara bombi bashakanye ari abakene. Bamaze kurushinga, rubanda rukomeza
kubaha inkwenene bavuga ko nta cyo bazigezaho. Ariko bo ntibacika intege
kuko bahamyaga ko ibintu bishakwa ntawubivukana kandi ko abagiye inama
ntakibananira. Mu mibanire yabo, barangwaga no kumvikana, gufashanya, kujya
inama no gukorera hamwe. Kubera ko bari baramenyaniye mu mahugurwa
y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bwa kijyambere, umushinga wa mbere batekereje wari uwo
guhinga no korora. Mu buhinzi bwabo bose barafatanyaga. Kubera ko isambu bari
bafite itari ihagije, umusaruro wabo ntiwatumaga bashobora gusagurira isoko.
Umunsi umwe bahinguye, bamaze kurya baratangira baraganira. Maze Nyiramanaaterura ikiganiro.
– Ko mbona ubuhinzi bwacu budatera imbere twatekereje ubundi buryo bwo
kwiteza imbere?
– Kagire inkuru. Twakora iki kugira ngo twivane mu bukene?
– Nge natekereje gukora umushinga w’ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere n’ubworozi
bw’inkoko z’inyama n’iz’amagi, ahubwo twigire hamwe uko twashakisha
igishoro. Igihe twahuriraga mu mahugurwa batubwiye ko iyo ufite umushinga
uteguye neza uwujyana muri banki bakakuguriza amafaranga yo kuwushyira
mu bikorwa, bityo ukajya ubishyura buhorobuhoro.
– Nukonuko mugore mwiza! Ni byo koko ababiri bajya inama baruta umunaniurasana! Reka tubikore dutyo.
Nyuma y’icyo kiganiro, biyemeza kunonosora umushinga wabo bukeye bagana
banki gusaba inguzanyo maze barayihabwa. Bidatinze batisha igishanga, maze
si uguhinga karahava! Umugabo yakurikiranaga umushinga w’ubuhinzi, naho
umugore akurikirana umushinga w’ubworozi. Batera imbuto z’indobanure, ikirere
na cyo kirabakundira. Ku isarura rya mbere, bashoboye kwishyura icya kabiri
k’inguzanyo bari basabye, bagura izindi nkoko z’amagi banubaka ibindi bibuti
by’inkoko. Ibyo byatumye benshi ndetse no mu babahaga inkwenene bibaza uko
babakiranye. Ibyo byaterwaga n’uko batari bazi ibanga ryabo ryo kubahana nokugirana inama igihe cyose bagiye kugira icyo bakora.
Bamaze kwishyura umwenda wose wa banki batangira kuzigamira abana bazabyara.
Biyubakira inzu nziza ya kijyambere baba abakungu barakira karahava. Hashize
igihe bigira inama yo kubyara abana kubera ko bari bamaze kubona umutungo
wabafasha kubarera, bidatinze bibaruka abana babiri. Ababyeyi bombi bafatanya
kubitaho babarerana urukundo, abo bana bahabwa ibyangombwa bikenewe
nk’indyo yuzuye kandi ifite ubuziranenge, imyambaro ikwiye n’ubuvuzi nyabwo.
Igihe kigeze babashakira amashuri meza. Babatoza kubahana no gufatanya mu
turimo tunyuranye two mu rugo. Hashize igihe bongera kwigira inama yo kubyara
undi mwana wa gatatu. Nk’uko baranzwe n’ubufatanye muri byose, iyo Nyiramanayabaga ahugiye mu turimo tunyuranye, Kamari ni we witaga ku ruhinja.
Umunsi umwe nyuma y’umuganda, abawitabiriye bamaze kuganira ku
nsanganyamatsiko y’iterambere, Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu afata ijambo asaba
Kamari n’umugore we guhaguruka. Maze akomeza agira ati: “Impamvu mpagurukije
aba bantu ndagira ngo mbasabe ko mubashimira nk’umuryango w’intangarugero
mu iterambere mu Mudugudu wacu. Ariko kandi ndagira ngo na bo mbasabebatwibire ibanga rituma batera imbere kugira ngo tubarebereho.”
Umunsi umwe nyuma y’umuganda, abawitabiriye bamaze kuganira ku
nsanganyamatsiko y’iterambere, Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu afata ijambo asaba
Kamari n’umugore we guhaguruka. Maze akomeza agira ati: “Impamvu mpagurukije
aba bantu ndagira ngo mbasabe ko mubashimira nk’umuryango w’intangarugero
mu iterambere mu Mudugudu wacu. Ariko kandi ndagira ngo na bo mbasabebatwibire ibanga rituma batera imbere kugira ngo tubarebereho.”
Kamari asaba Nyiramana kuba ari we ubanza kuvuga, maze Nyiramana aterura agira
ati: “Iterambere ry’urugo rwacu rishingiye ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye bwacu
kubera ko twiyemeje kujya inama muri byose, tugafatanya kandi tukubahana.” Kamari
na we yafashe ijambo avuga ko uzakenera inama wese azabasanga bakayimugira.
Abari aho bose barabashimira maze bataha biyemeje gukurukiza inama bagiriwe
n’umuryango wa Kamari. Nyuma y’igihe gito, iterambere mu Mudugudu waboryagaragariraga buri wese.
I. Inyunguramagambo
1. Urebera mu merekezo yose, tahura muri iki kinyatuzu amagambo afite
ibisobanuro bikurikira.a) Ibitwenge byo kunnyega umuntu.b) Twongere twiteze imbere.c) Amafaranga atangiza umushinga.d) Gutunganya neza.e) Gutanga amafaranga bakaguha umurima wo guhinga mu gihe runaka.f) Umuntu ukize ku bintu.g) Uburyo bw’ibitsina byombi bwo kugira ubushobozi, uburenganziran’uruhare rugaragara bwo gukorera umuryango n’igihugu muri rusange.h) Ubufatanye bugaragarira mu mirimo umugore yunganiramo umugabo kuburyo buri wese abarirwa mu murimo runaka mu bwubahane.i) Igikorwa cyo kuzamura imibereho myiza.
2. Koresha mu nteruro amagambo akurikira ugaragaza ko wumva icyoavuga mu mwandiko.a) Inkweneneb) Igishoroc) UmukunguII. Kumva umwandiko1. Ni ba nde bavugwa muri uyu mwandiko? Kuki rubanda bavugaga ko nta cyobazigezaho?2. Umuryango w’abavugwa mu mwandiko urangwa n’iki?3. Iterambere ry’umuryango wa Kamari na Nyiramana rikomoka he?4. Sobanura uko uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ari inkingi y’iterambere.5. Garagaza akamaro k’umuco wo kuzigama kagaragara mu mwandiko.6. Mu mwandiko batubwira ko umuryango wa Kamari wagaburiraga abanababo indyo yuzuye kandi ifite ubuziranenge. Sobanura akamaro ko kuryaindyo ifite ubuziranenge.III. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko1. Garagaza ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri mu mwandiko.2. Ni irihe somo ryo mu buzima busanzwe twakura muri uyu mwandiko?IV. Kungurana ibitekerezoUngurana ibitekerezo na bagenzi bawe kuri iyi nsanganyamatsiko ikurikira: “Ibyizaby’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda.”IKESHAMVUGO
Soma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ikibazo cyawubajijweho.
Impanuro z’umubyeyi
Igihe kimwe Kamana akitse imirimo, yari mu ruganiriro hamwe n’abana be Bukesha
na Mariza aterura ikiganiro agira ati: “Ariko bana bange mureke tuganire ku busugire
bw’ururimi rwacu.”
Kamana: Harya iyo bukeye umworozi w’inka iyo agitangira kuzikama bavuga ko
agira ate?
Bukesha: Bavuga ko atangiye kuzikurura amabere.
Mariza: Reka da! Ariko Bukesha nawe nta byawe! Suzi ko babyita kwinikiza! Mu
ishuri twarabyize.Bukesha: Uzi ko ari byo koko! Ariko nawe hari aho ubyishe: Ntibavuga: “Suzi ko”;
bavuga:“Ntuzi ko”.
Mariza: Yego koko. Ngaho noneho nawe vuga uko kurangiza gukama babyita.
Bukesha: Babyita guhumuza.Bukesha: Uzi ko ari byo koko! Ariko nawe hari aho ubyishe: Ntibavuga: “Suzi ko”;bavuga:“Ntuzi ko”.Mariza: Yego koko. Ngaho noneho nawe vuga uko kurangiza gukama babyita.Bukesha: Babyita guhumuza.Kamana: Murumva rero ko dukwiye kujya tunoza ururimi rwacu ntiturwangize uko
twiboneye.Tukamenya imvugo ikoreshwa ku mata nko kuyabuganiza,
umubanji n’ibindi.
Tukibuka ko kurangiza koza ibyansi n’ibisabo na byo babyita guhumuza;
ingoma n’isekuru byasaduka bakavuga ko byariboye n’ibindi ntarondoye. Si
ibyo gusa kandi: ubu bamwe muri mwe baba bavuze ngo natarondoye,
ngo ndavuze uti, ngo bimeze ute? n’ibindi. Ibi byose bishobora gutuma
abazi ururimi rwacu babaseka kandi kurunoza bitagoye. Muge mukurikira
neza ibyo umwarimu yigisha kandi namwe muge mwihatira kuganira
mu Kinyarwanda kinoze.Ikibazo
Muri iki kiganiro umubyeyi arashishikariza abana kunoza imvugo yabo. Ubwo
buryo bwo kunoza imvugo no kuyikesha bwitwa ngo iki? Kora ubushakashatsi na
bagenzi bawe utahure inshoza y’ubwo buryo unashakishe izindi mvugo zinoze
zikoreshwa ku nka, ku mata, ku isekuru, ku gisabo, ku ngoma no ku zindi mvugo
zikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.Inshoza y’ikeshamvugo
Ikeshamvugo ni ubuhanga bukoreshwa mu kuvuga no guhanga mu Kinyarwanda.
Iyo akaba ari imvugo inoze, yuje ikinyabupfura, ifite inganzo kandi ivugitse ku buryo
bunoze. Ikeshamvugo ahanini, ni imvugo ikoreshwa mu guha agaciro umuntu uyu
n’uyu cyangwa ikintu iki n’iki bitewe n’akamaro gifite mu muco w’Abanyarwanda,
bityo hakirindwa gukoreshwa izina ryacyo mu buryo bukocamye. Mu ikeshamvugo ni
ho hakoreshwa ijambo “Ntibavuga, bavuga.” Umuntu akaba yabasha gutandukanya
imvugo ikoreshwa ku mwami, ku ngoma, ku nka, ku mata n’ibindi.
Ikitonderwa
Ikeshamvugo ntirishingira gusa ku nka, ingoma, amata… ahubwo rinashingira
ku mvugo dukoresha buri munsi. Ni ngombwa ko imvugo dukoresha iba inoze,
yubahiriza ikibonezamvugo kandi idashyoma cyangwa ngo ivangavange
Ikinyarwanda n’izindi ndimi.
g) Kuvanga indimiIri kosa ryo kuvanga indimi rikorwa akenshi iyo uvuga akoresha Ikinyarwandaakivanga n’indimi z’amahanga cyangwa agatanga igitekerezo ke mu Kinyarwandaakoresheje imiterere y’izindi ndimi.
h) Amagambo yerekeye amasano n’indamukanyoIyi mivugire iboneka cyane mu magambo aranga amasanono mu ndamukanyo. Kumpamvu zitandukanye zirimo nogutira mu zindi ndimi, usanga abantu batakimenya amagambyabugenewe y’Ikinyarwanda.
ISUZUMA RISOZA UMUTWE WA KABIRISoma umwandiko ukurikira maze usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu iterambere ry’umuryangoKugira ngo umuryango utere imbere hakenerwa ibintu byinshi kandi binyuranye,birimo ibiribwa bihagije, uburezi, ubuzima buzira umuze, umutekano, ubukungun’ibindi. Iyo urebye neza ariko hari ikintu k’ibanze gikwiye guhabwa agacirombere ya byose mu kubaka iterambere rirambye ry’umuryango. Hari abemezako iyo hatitawe ku ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye usanga mu muryangohari icyuho kandi kiganisha ku mibereho mibi.Kugira ngo umuryango wihaze mu biribwa niba utunzwe n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi,ingufu z’umugabo n’umugore ziba zikenewe kuko nta n’umwe ukwiye guharira
undi umurimo uyu n’uyu ahubwo bose bagomba kunganirana bityo bakagera
ku musaruro ushimishije kuko bose baba babishyizeho umwete. Urugero
twafata hano, ni nk’igihe umugabo n’umugore baba biriranywe bahinga igihe
cyo guhingura hagomba guterwa intabire umwe muri bo akaba yakwiyumvisha
ko icyo gikorwa kitamureba yewe akaba atanakora imbagara ngo akeka ko uwo
murimo utamugenewe.Ikindi umuntu yavuga kuri iyi ngingo ni uko ubworozi busaba gushirika ubute
no guhozaho kugira ngo amatungo akenurwe ku kigero gishimishije bityo na
yo atange umusaruro. Iyo hari umwe mu bagize umuryango wiyumvisemo ko
atakora umurimo runaka wo mu bworozi aba ateshutse kuko igihombo kiba kiri
ku muryango wose.Uburezi bw’abana mu muryango ni inkingi ikomeye y’iterambere. Mu burezi
umugore cyangwa umugabo agomba gutanga umusanzu ufatika nta kwitana ba
mwana kuko umwana apfa mu iterura. Ikindi kandi nta n’umwe ukwiye kumva
ko uburere umwana aherwa mu muryango bugenewe gutangwa n’umwe muri
bo ahubwo bose bagomba gutahiriza umugozi umwe kugira ngo bubake ejo
hazaza h’abana babo. Inyana ni iya mweru; abana na bo bafata urugero rwiza ku
babyeyi babo ugasanga abahungu n’abakobwa buzuzanya muri byose.Umuryango udafite ubuzima buzira umuze nta cyo uba ushingiyeho, ni yo
mpamvu umugabo n’umugore bakwiye kwita ku buzima bwabo n’ubw’abo
bashinzwe kurera. Iyo havuzwe ingingo y’ubuzima humvikana kwirinda indwara,
gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo kunoza imikorere mu by’ubuvuzi no kuvurizwa
igihe iyo hari uwarwaye.Ni yo mpamvu rero yaba umugabo cyangwa umugore, umwana w’umuhungu
cyangwa umukobwa, bakwiye kwita ku buzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi kuko bose
bibareba. Urugero rwatangwa hano ni uko umwana atarembera mu rugo nyinaadahari kuko abagabo bamwe bumva ko kujyana umwana ukiri muto kwa
muganga cyangwa kumukingiza bigenewe abagore gusa.Umutekano wo mu muryango na wo ni ngombwa. Iyo hubahirijwe uburenganzira
bwa buri muntu bwaba ubwo agenerwa n’amategeko cyangwa umuryango,
usanga urugo rufite amahoro arambye, kuko nta n’umwe utsikamirwa hitwajwe
ko ari uyu n’uyu. Aha rero ni ho uburinganire bugaragarira kuko abantu bose
bareshya imbere y’amategeko.Ubukungu ni ikintu k’ingenzi mu muryango no mu gihugu muri rusange.
Ubukungu rero ntibumanuka mu ijuru ahubwo buraharanirwa. Baca umugani
mu Kinyarwanda ngo: “Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira”, buri wese mu bagize
umuryango agomba kumva ko kugira ngo umuryango utere imbere agomba
kubigiramo uruhare, kandi byose bishoboka iyo hari ubushake. Nta n’umwe
ugomba kwitinya ngo iki n’iki kigenewe uyu n’uyu ahubwo bagomba kunganirana
muri byose.Muri make abagiye inama Imana irabasanga, kandi umutwe umwe wifasha
gusara ntiwigira inama. Iterambere rihera mu rugo rikagukira mu muryango
mugari rigakwira Igihugu cyose. Uwiba ahetse aba abwiriza uwo mu mugongo,
babyeyi urugero muha abana ni rwo bakurikiza. Umuryango uhamye urakenewe
ngo Igihugu gitere imbere. Ni ngombwa kandi ko habaho amahirwe angana
ku bitsina byombi. Ni inshingano ya buri wese kugira uruhare rugaragara mu
kubaka umuryango muzima urangwa n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye kuko ari
byo shingiro ry’iterambere ry’umuryango.I. Kumva no gusesengura umwandikoII. Inyunguramagambo
1. Ni ibihe bintu by’ingenzi bivugwa mu mwandiko bya ngombwa mu
iterambere ry’umuryango?
2. Kuki ibyo byose bitagerwaho bidashingiye ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye?
3. Ku bwawe iyo havuzwe uburinganire wumva iki?
4. Ese ubona bikwiye ko umugore cyangwa umugabo basiganira umurimo
runaka kandi bose bawushoboye?
5. Uburere bw’abana buhuzwa bute n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye muri uyu
mwandiko?
6. Vuga muri make uko uyu umwandiko ugaragaza uburinganire
n’ubwuzuzanye.
7. Garagaza imigani y’imigenurano yakoreshejwe muri uyu mwandiko ifitanye
isano n’uburinganire.1. Koresha aya magambo akurikira mu nteruro zigaragaza ko wumva icyoasobanura mu mwandiko.a) Umuzeb) Umwetec) Ubuted) Icyuhoe) Intabire2. Huza buri jambo n’igisobanuro cyaryo.
III. Ikeshamvugo
1. Kosora umwandiko ukurikira ukoresheje imvugo inoze.
Amashyo y’iwacu
Mu muryango wacu muri iyi minsi twahiriwe n’ubworozi, amatungo abyara ari
menshi. Ubwo rero murumva ko dufite inyana nyinshi zikivuka zibera mu kiraro
cyazo. Ni muri urwo rwego abana tuvukana bamerewe neza binywera amata y’inka
ikibyara. Iyo umushumba wazo atangiye gukama, umukobwa tuvukana ni we uba
hafi ngo asubize inyuma inyana itamukoma akayamena. Iyo ayisubije inyuma, mba
ndi hafi ngahita mfata ibyatsi nkayihanagura.
Ubundi inka zacu twajyaga tuziha umubirizi zimaze gukamwa none isekuru
twawusekuragamo yarasadutse, dadi akaba ateganya kubaza indi no kugura ikindi
gisabo vuba aha.Uwo mushumba wacu akunda gukama akoresha amaboko yombi,
yarangiza gukama tukayasuka mu byansi, tukayatereka ku meza aho abikwa.Ubwo
inka tukazijyana aho zirisha ari na ho mpurira n’amaniga yange.
3. Hanga umwandiko uvuga ku mwami cyangwa ku bworozi bw’inkaukoreshemonibura amagambo icumi y’ikeshamvugo ku mwami cyangwa kunka uyaceho akarongo.