UMUTWE WA 6 GUKUNDA IGIHUGU
6.1 Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
– Gusesengura umwandiko uvuga ku nsanganyamatsiko yo gukunda Igihugu
agaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi.
– Gutegura, kuyobora inama no kuyikora inyandiko mvugo.
– Gukoresha amagambo yabugenewe mu mvugo no mu nyandiko.– Kwandika amagambo n’interuro agaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku.
6.2 Ibyo umunyeshuri asanzwe azi
– Bimwe mu bikorwa bigaragaza gukunda Igihugu.
– Amakuru ku gukora inyandiko mvugo.
– Gukoresha ikeshamvugo ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe.
6.3 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
6.4 Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
Umwarimu aha abanyeshuri igikorwa kibinjiza mu nsanganyamatsiko y’umutwe.
Soma umwandiko ukurikira, ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma
uyasobanure wifashishije inkoranyamagambo cyangwa inyito afite mu
mwandikokandi usubize n’ibibazo byawubajijweho
Abanyeshuri batanga ibisubizo bitandukanye maze wowe nk’umwarimu ukagendaubafasha kubinoza.
6.5 Amasomo ari mu mutwe wa gatandatu n’igihe
yagenewe
6. 5.1 Isomo rya mbere: Gusoma no gusengura umwandiko
“Umurenge wa Rebero “
1. Intangiriro
Saba abanyeshuri kwitegereza ishusho ijyanye n’umwandiko “Inkingi z’iterambere”bagiye gusoma akayibabazaho ibibazo.
a) Mwitegereje iyi shusho murabonaho iki?
– Imisozi iteye amabengeza kuko iriho ibihingwa bitandukanye.
– Abantu babiri bahagararanye bigaragara ko ari abayobozi.
– Hari kandi modoka biboneka ko ari yo yajemo umushyitsi.
b) Uwo muyobozi w’umushyitsi, mutekereza ko aje gukora iki?
Uwo mushyitsi aje gusura ako gace karimo ibyo bihingwa.
c) Mutekereza ko uyu mwandiko uraza kuvuga ku ki?
Uyu mwandiko uraza kuvuga ku iterambere ry’abaturage basuwe n’umuyobozi.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
a) Gusoma bucece
Saba abanyeshuri gusoma umwandiko bucece badahwihwisa, bandika amagambobadasobanukiwe hanyuma ubabaze ibibazo byo kugenzura ko basomye.
a. Ni nde wasuye Umurenge wa Rebero?
Ni Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Bwiza.
b. Uyu Muyobozi amaze kugera mu Murenge wa Rebero yakirkiwe n’iki
cyamutangaje?
Yakiriwe n’uruyange rw’ibishyimbo bya mushingiriro, ibirayi by’imishishe…
c. Ni iki Umuyobozi w’Akarere yashimangiye mu gusoza urugendo
rwe?
Yashimangiyegahunda y’umuganda n’ubudehe ari inkingi z’iterambere.
b) Gusoma baranguruye
Somera abanyeshuri by’intangarugero ugaragaza isesekaza hanyuma ubasabe
gusoma baranguruye basimburana. Genda ubakosora aho basoma nabi kandi
wita ku banyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye. Fasha buri wese bitewe n’ikibazo afite.
c) Gusobanura amagambo no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda. Saba abanyeshuri gukora igikorwa 6.1 kiri
mu gitabo cyabo ubahe n’igihe cyo kugikora. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko
abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho
bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko ukurikira, ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma
uyasobanure wifashishije inkoranyamagambo cyangwa inyito afite mu
mwandikokandi usubize n’ibibazo byawubajijweho.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Itsinda rimwe
rimurike ibijyanye n’inyunguramagambo irindi rimurike ibijyanye n’ibibazo byabajijwe
ku mwandiko. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no kuzuza bisubizo
byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Gusobanura amagambo
a)
b)
c)
d) Ubudehe: ni imwe muri gahunda za Leta y’u Rwanda igamije kurwanya
ubukene bishingiye ku ihame ry’ibikorwa umuturage afitemo ijambo.
Kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Umuyobozi w’ Akarere ka Bwiza asura Umurenge wa Rebero yari agamije
iki?
2. Uretse umuganda n’ubudehe ni ibihe bikorwa bindi bigaragaza gukunda
Igihugu byavuzwe mu mwandiko?
3. Ni iki Umuyobozi w’akarere yashoje yibutsa abenegigihugu?
4. Shaka ingingo z’ingenzi zigaragara mu mwandiko.
5. Kora ubushakashatsi ugereranye ibikorwa by’ubudehe byo hambere
n’ibikorwa by’ubudehe by’iki gihe.
6. Ni bihe bikorwa n’indangagaciro bitavuzwe mu mwandiko bigaragaza ko
umuturage akunda Igihugu ke.
d) Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora babiribabiri umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo uri mubitabo byabo. Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Imyitozo
1. Huza ijambo riri mu rushya A n’igisobanuro cyaryo kiri mu ruhusa Bukoresheje akambi.
2. Ubaka interuro iboneye ukoresheje amagambo akurikira:
a) Ubudehe
b) Gushinga imizi.
Tanga nk’umukoro ikibazo cya kabiri “Tanga ibitekerezo ku kamaro k’umuganda
n’ubudehe mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.”Iki kibazokizakosorwe mu ntangiriro y’isomorikurikiraho.
6.5.2 Isomo rya kabiri: Inama
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuribabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Tanga ibitekerezo ku kamaro k’umuganda n’ubudehe mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.
Ibisubizo bizatangawa n’abanyeshuri kandi umwarimu abafashe kubinoza.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 6.2 kiri mu bitabo
byabo. Amatsinda amwe akore ku nshoza y’inama andi ku buryo itegurwa n’andi
ku miyoborere yayo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri
ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha
aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Kora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’inama maze utahure inshoza y’inama, uko
itegurwa n’uko iyoborwa.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
Tanga ibitekerezo ku kamaro k’umuganda n’ubudehe mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.
Ibisubizo bizatangawa n’abanyeshuri kandi umwarimu abafashe kubinoza.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 6.2 kiri mu bitabo
byabo. Amatsinda amwe akore ku nshoza y’inama andi ku buryo itegurwa n’andi
ku miyoborere yayo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri
ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha
aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Kora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’inama maze utahure inshoza y’inama, uko
itegurwa n’uko iyoborwa.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza y’inama
Inama ni ikoraniro ry’abantu bateraniye hamwe bafite ingingo bigaho. Hashobora
kubaho inama idasanzwe, iba itateguwe bihambaye cyangwa inama isanzwe, ibayateguwe cyane kubera ko idatunguranye.
b) Uko inama itegurwa
Igihe umuntu ategura inama isanzwe, agomba kwita cyangwa gutekereza ku ntego
zayo; icyo inama izaba igamije, icyo izageraho na gahunda y’ibizigirwamo. Ni yo
mpamvu agomba gutegura ibikoresho bizamufasha kuyinoza. Bimwe mu bigomba
kwitabwaho ni ibi bikurikira:
– Gutegura aho inama izabera mbere, hakurikijwe umubare w’abazayizamo.
– Gutegura icyumba k’inama (intebe, ameza ndetse no kuhagirira isuku)
ukurikije aho abazaza mu nama bazicara nko mu ishuri, ku ruziga, ku gice
cy’uruziga n’aho abayobozi bicara.
– Guteganya icyo kwandikaho niba ari ngombwa, ikibaho, amakaye cyangwa
ikindi kintu cyose cyatuma abari mu nama bashobora gukurikira (nko
kwitabaza ikoranabuhanga niba ari ngombwa).
Nyuma yo gutekereza no gutegura ibikoresho bikenewe, utegura inama akurikizaho
gutegura inama nyirizina. Agomba kwibanda ku bintu bikurikira:
– Gutegura ibizigirwa mu nama, bikorwa n’umuyobozi cyangwa se bigakorwa
n’akanama runaka yashyizeho.
– Mu gutegura ingingo z’ingenzi, ni byiza kuzitondekanya uhereye ku zifite
agaciro kurusha izindi kuko iyo igihe kibaye gito, iby’ingezi biba byarangiye.
– Gutumiza inama no kohereza gahunda yayo mbere y’igihe (hari igihe
abatumiwe batanga ibitekerezo cyangwa bakibutsa indi ngingo yagombaga
kuzigirwamo.)
– Ni byiza ko hagati yo gutumiza inama n’inama ubwayo habonekamo igihe
kugira ngo abantu babashe kuyitegura.
c) Uko inama iyoborwa
Kuyobora inama, ni umurimo ukorwa na nyiri ukuyitumiza cyangwa umubereye mu
mwanya (umuyobozi mu rwego rwe). Buri muntu wese uba witabiriye inama aba afite
icyo ashinzwemo: abayitumiwemo baba bafite inshingano zo kumva no gutanga
ibitekerezo byabo. Umuyobozi w’inama atangiza inama kandi akanayiyobora.
Inama igira ibice by’ingenzi bigenda bikurikirana, kandi uyiyoboye akaba agomba
gukurikirana neza ngo hatagira igisimbukwa, cyanecyane ko ari we ugomba
kurangiza kimwe agatangiza ikindi.
Muri rusange ibice by’inama bikurikirana bitya:
– Gusuhuzanya no gutanga ikaze;
– Kuvuga igihe inama iza kumara no kuvuga urwego inama yatumiwemo;
– Kurebera hamwe ko umubare w’abayitumiwemo bahageze uhagije kugira
ngo ibe yatangira byemewe n’amategeko (iyo bitatu bya kane by’abatumirwabahari nta cyayibuza gutangira);
– Kumva impamvu z’abataje niba bahari;
– Gutangira inama nyirizina: kuganira ku mirongo mikuru no kubyemeranyaho.
Abitabiriye inama bashobora no kongeraho izindingingo iyo bisabwe.
– Inama nyirizina irakomeza ari nako ikorerwa inyandikomvugo, byarangira
gusuzumwa hakigwa ku ngingo imwe ku yindi.
– Uwatumije inama cyangwa umuhagarariye atanga inshamake y’ibyemezo
byumvikanyweho mu nama.
– Inama isozwa n’uwayitumije cyangwa umuhagarariye igihe uwayitumije
yabimuhereye uburenganzira: ashimira abayitabiriye akanabasezerera
ndetse akabanza kubaha amatangazo iyo ahari.
Ikitonderwa:
1. Kugira ngo inama ishyirwe mu bikorwa, uyobora inama agomba kugira izi
ndangagaciro:
– Kwirinda kuba umunyagitugu
– Kutagira uruhande abogamira
– Kumva ibitekerezo by’abatumirwa akabijora kandi akabigorora igihe ari
ngombwa;
– Agomba kuba ari umuhanga mu byo avuga adahuzagurika icyo atazi agasaba
ukizi mu batumirwa kugisobanura.
2. Imyanzuro y’inama ifatwa nk’aho ari ikemezo cya buri wese mu baje mu
nama.
3. Inama igomba kurangwa n’ikinyabupfura, ubworoherane n’umusanzu wa
buri wese mbega inama ntabwo ari igihe cy’amatangazo.
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke .Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Erekana uko wategura inama n’uko wayikoresha.
Abanyeshuri baratanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri iki kibazo maze umwarimu
abafashe kubinoza.
Erekana uko wategura inama n’uko wayikoresha.
Abanyeshuri baratanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri iki kibazo maze umwarimuabafashe kubinoza
6.5.3. Isomo rya gatatu: Inyandiko mvugo
1. Intangiriro
Baza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku isomo baheruka kwiga kugira ngo bibafashe kwinjiramu isomo rirya.
Ni irihe somo muheruka kwiga? Duheruka kwiga isomo ry’inama n’uko ikorwa.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 6.3 kiri mu bitabo
byabo. Amatsinda amwe akore ku nshoza y’inyandiko mvugo andi agaragazeibice
byayo ndetse n’uburyo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri
ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha
aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Kora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bijyanye n’inyandiko mvugo maze utahure
inshoza, ibice byayo n’uko ikorwa.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza y’inyandiko mvugo
Inyandiko mvugo ni umwandiko uvuga ibyakozwe, ibyabaye cyangwa ugasubira
mu byo uwandika yabonye cyangwa se yanagizemo uruhare mu nama. Iyo urebye
abo inyandiko mvugo igenewe, usanga hari uburyo bubiri ikorwamo:
Inyandiko mvugo ishobora kuba igenewe umuntu wari uhari igihe ibikorwaho
inyandiko mvugo byabaga kugira ngo atibagirwa ibyabaye abone uko abyigaho
neza cyangwa ashyire mu bikorwa ibyumvikanweho. Inyandikomvugo igenewe
umuntu utari uhari kugira ngo amenye ibyavugiwe cyangwa ibyakorewe aho atariari.
b) Ibice bigize inyandiko mvugo n’uko ikorwa
Inyandiko mvugo y’inama igaragaza ibice bine by’ingebikurikira:
– Umutwe
Ugaragaramo iyo nama iyo ari yo n’igihe yabereye mu magambo make.
– Abari mu nama
Muri iki gice, inyandiko mvugo igaragaramo urutonde rw’abitabiriye inama bose.
Iyo atari benshi cyane, bagaragazwa mu ntagiriro y’inyandiko mvugo. Ariko iyo
abitabiriye inama ari benshi cyane, bashyirwa ku mugereka w’inyandikomvugo
y’iyo nama. Muri iki gice kandi hashobora no gushyirwamo abatarayitabiriye bafite
impamvu cyangwa batayifite.
– Ibyari ku murongo w’ibyigwa
Muri iki gice, ukora inyandiko mvugo, arondora ibyo inama yagombaga kwigaho
byose nk’uko biba byavuzwe n’umuyobozi w’inama. Hagaragaramo kandi n’ibindi
byifujwe n’abari mu nama ko byajya mu tuntu n’utundi.
– Uko inama yagenze
Muri iki gice ukora inyandiko mvugo yandika muri make icyo bumvikanye kuri buri
ngingo. Ntiyandika ibyo buri muntu yavuze, ahubwo yandika gusa umwanzuro
wafashwe kuri buri ngingo yari ku murongo w’ibyigwa kandi bikandikwa ku buryo
bwumvikana neza adashyiramo ibitekerezo bye.
Ikitonderwa
Ibindi bigomba kugaragara mu nyandiko mvugo ni aho inama yabereye, urwego
inama yateranyemo, impamvu y’inama, igihe yatangiriye n’igihe yarangiriye.
Inyandikomvugo ntajyamo ibitekerezo bwite by’uyikora. Ni umwandiko uvuga
ibyabaye utagize icyo uhindura.
Imyitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora imyitozo iri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke.
Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’imyitozo.
Ibabazo n’ibisubizo by’imyitozo
1) Inyandiko mvugo ni iki?
2) Garagaza ibice bigize inyandiko mvugo kandi usobanuro uko ikorwa
Abanyeshuri baratanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri iki kibazo maze umwarimuabafashe kubinoza.
6.5.4 Amagambo yabugenewe
1. Intangiriro
Baza abanyeshuri ibibazo bibafasha kwinjira mu isomo rishya.
Ni ibihe bikoresho Abanyarwanda bo hambere bakoreshaga mu gihe
bashaka gukora ibikorwa bikurikira?
a) Gukama no kubika amata: ibyansi
b) Gusya impeke zitandukanye: urusyo/ isekuru
c) Guhanagura inka: inkuyo
2. Uko isomo ritangwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 6.4 kiri mu bitabo
byabo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko
abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho
bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Kora ubushakashatsi maze utahure amagambo yabugenewe akoreshwa ku nka,
ku mata, ku ngoma, ku mwami, ku gisabo, ku isekuru no ku rusyo.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Amatsinda
asimburane amurika buri tsinda ingingo imwe. Yobora abagize andi matsinda kunoza
no kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Ururimi rw’ Ikinyarwanda rugira amagambo yabugenewe, akoreshwa ku ngingo
runaka bitewe n’agaciro izo ngingo zihabwa mu muco nyarwanda. Amagambo
yabugenewe akoreshwa, hagamijwe gukoresha imvugo inoze kandi yuje
ikinyabupfura. Iyo habayeho gutandukira, hagakoreshwa ijambo ritanoze, ni ho
bagira bati: “Ntibavuga…;bavuga...” Ibi bituma umuntu abasha gutandukanya
imvugo ikoreshwa ku mwami, ku ngoma, ku nka, ku mata ku gisabo ku isekurun’ibindi.
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo. Uwo
mwitozo ni uyu ukurikira: Kosora iyi nteruro ikurikira:
Umwami Kigeri Rwabugiri amaze gupfa, yasimbuwe n’umwana we
Rutarindwa. Rutarindwa yaje gupfa, asimburwa na Yuhi Musinga ategekana
na nyina Kanjogera.
Saba abanyeshuri, buri wese ku giti ke, kuzakora ikibazo cya kabiri nk’umukoro urimu gitabo cyabo maze bazawumurike mbere yo gutangira isomo rizakurikira.
Umukoro
Himba ikiganiro kigufi ku muco nyarwanda n’ibikoresho gakondo ugaragazemo
nibura amagambo atatu yabugenewe ku nka, ku mata, ku ngoma, ku mwami, kugisabo no ku isekuru.
6.5.5 Ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo no munteruro
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuri
babyandike mu makayi yabo.
Umukoro n’urugero rw’ibisubizo:
Abanyeshuri baratanga ibisubizo ku mukoro bakoze maze umwarimu abafashe
kubinoza hanyuma na bo babyandike mu makayi yabo
2. Uko isomo ritangwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 6.5 kiri mu bitabo
byabo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko
abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho
bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Shingira ku bumenyi ufite, ukore ubushakashtsi maze utahure inshoza y’ubutinde
n’amasaku kandi ugaragaze uburyo bwo gushyira ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo
n’interuro by’Ikinyarwanda.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Amatsinda
asimburane amurika buri tsinda ingingo imwe. Yobora abagize andi matsinda kunoza
no kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza y’ubutinde n’amasaku
Ubutinde n’amasaku mu Kinyarwanda ni indatana kandi bikagaragarizwa ku nyajwi
igize umugemo. Ubutinde n’amasaku mu Kinyarwanda bifite agaciro gakomeye
kimwe nk’inyajwi n’ingombajwi kuko iyo bihindutse mu ijambo bihita bihidura
gitekerezo cyangwa bikagitakaza.
Mu butinde, dusangamo imigemo itinda n’ibanguka. Iyo umugemo ubanguka,
handikwa inyajwi imwe igize uwo mugemo naho umugemo utinda, ukandikishwa
inyajwi ebyiri zisa zigize uwo mugemo.
Ku bijyanye n’amasaku, umugemo ubanguka ushobora kugira isaku nyesi cyangwa
nyejuru naho ku mugemo utinda ukagira ushobora kugira imwe mu nyunge
y’amasaku kurikira: isaku nyesi nyesi, nyesi nyejuru, nyejuru nyejuru, nyejuru
nyesi cyangwa nyesi nyejuru.Mu kwandika aya masaku, inyajwi ivugirwa hejuru
igira akamenyesto kameze nk’akagofero (^) gashyirwa hejuru yayo naho inyajwiivugirwa hasi, ikandikwa uko yakabaye nta kamenyetso gashyizweho.
Ingero:
b) Ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo
Kugira ngo imyigire y’ubutinde n’amasaku igende neza, ni byiza ko hifashishwa
amagambo fatizo. Ayo magambo agenda agereranywa n’andi hashingiwe kumivugirwe yayo.
Amagambo fatizo n’ingero zayo
c) miterere y’ubutinde n’amasaku mu nteruro
Mu nteruro, amagambo agenda ahindura amasaku kamere bitewe n’andi magambo
biri kumwe. Aya masaku yitwa amasaku mboneezanteruro.
Ingero:
- Kibûungo: Saavê ituuwe nka Kîbuungo. - Saavê: Ntuye i Sâavê
- Mutêsi: Umukôro wa Mûtesi - Kigalî: Umujyî wa Kîgalî urasukuuye.
- Umugabo: Umugorê n’ûmugabo - Abakoôbwa: Abâana b’âbakoôbwa
- Intwâari: Afatwa nk’îintwâari. - Intêbe: Miniisîtiri w’îintêbe yasuuye.
- Iki: Abatô bageendane n’iîki gihe. - Aba: Yiitwaara nk’aâba babyêeyi bê.
- Si: Amasuunzu sî amasakâ. - Ni: Uwô nshâakâ nî uwo.
Imyitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora imyitozo iri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke .Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
1. Tanga amagambo atanu avugwa kimwe na:
a) Umugaanda b) Umugabo
c) Umwâana d) Imbêehê
e) Gorê
2. Garagaza ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo akurikira:
a) Umuduri b) Amabati
c) Umuganda d) Imyakae) Ibyatsi
3. Soma neza kandi wandike izi nteruro ugaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku
a) Gutera ibiti biranga umuturage w’ibikorwa by’impuhwe n’ineza.
b) Iterambere rirambye turigezwaho no kurinda ikirere ibigihumanya.
c) Ni ngombwa kugabanya ibyotsi biva mu modoka n’ikoreshwa ry’inkwi.6.5.6 Isuzuma rusoza umutwe wa gatandatu
Ifashishe ibibazo biri mu gitabo cy’umunyeshuri hanyuma utegurire abanyeshuri
isuzuma. Saba abanyeshuri kwitegura gukora isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbereburi wese ku giti ke.
I. Ibibazo byo gusoma no kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Umugabo uvugwa mu mwandiko yakoraga murimo ki?
Umugabo uvugwa muri uyu mwandiko yari umuhinzi wa kawa.
2. Ni bihe bintu bitatu by’ingenzi bigomba kuranga umunyarwa byavuzwe mu
mwandiko.
Ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi bigomba kuranga umunyarwanda ni ugukunda
Igihugu, gukunda umurimo no kubana neza n’abantu.
3. Ni izihe ngaruka za ruswa zavuzwe mu mwandiko?
Ruswa imunga ubukungu bw’Igihugu, iteranya abantu, itesha agaciro kandi
ikabangamira ubwisanzure n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage.
4. Ni iki cyakubwira ko umuntu akunda Igihugu?
Icyambwira ko umuntu akunda igihugu ni uko uwo muntu yaba yitabira
gahunda zose za Leta nko gukora umuganda, gutanga ubwisungane mu
kwivuza, gutanga umusoro n’ibindi. Ikindi kandi ni uko yaba atanga serivisiinoze akirinda kandi akamaganira kure ruswa n’akarengane.
5. Uhereye ku mwandiko, sobanura uburyo gukorera ku mihigo bigira uruhare
mu iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti ke n’iry’ Igihugu muri rusange?
Imihigo ni intego cyangwa imigambi y’ubutwari umuntu yiyemeza kugeraho.
Ni ibikorwa by’ibanze umuntu ateganya kuzakora, bikarangira abigezeho.
Kwiha intego rero, bituma umuntu amenya aho aganisha ibikorwa bye,
akamenya ibikenewe n’aho abikura, igihe akorera igikorwa runaka. Ibi
rero bituma umuntu atajarajara, yirinda gukora ibidakenewe kandi akirinda
gutakaza igihe bityo akagera ku ntego ye vuba. Iyo abaturage bateye imbere,
n’Igihugu gitera imbere kuko Igihugu ari abaturage bacyo.
6. Ni izihe ngamba ufashe umaze gusoma uyu mwandiko?
Maze gusoma uyu mwandiko mfashe ingamba zo gukunda umurimo (
nkorera ku mihigo, ntanga serivisi inoze...) gukunda Igihugu (nkora ibikorwa
by’ubutwari, ndwanya ruswa n’akarengane...) kubana neza n’abandi
(mvugisha ukuri, ngira ikinyabupfura, mba inyangamugayo...)
II. Inyunguramagambo
Uzurisha amagambo akwiriye dusanga mu mwandiko (ruswa, inyangamugayo,
imihigo, igihe, umusanzu)
a) ...yihutisha iterambere
b) Kuvugisha ukuri, umurava n’ubutwari ni byo biranga...
c) Ni byo koko …imunga ubukungu bw’Igihugu.
d) Iyo dukoresheje neza …, tugatanga amakuru ku gihe bituma dutera imbere.
e) Gutanga …mu kubaka Igihugu ni inshingano za buri wese.
III. Ibibazo ku nama no ku nyandiko mvugo
1. Vuga bimwe mu bigomba kwitabwaho mu gutegura inama.
– Gutegura aho inama izabera mbere, hakurikijwe umubare w’abazayizamo.
– Gutegura icyumba k’inama (intebe, ameza ndetse no kuhagirira isuku)
ukurikije aho abazaza mu nama bazicara nko mu ishuri, ku ruziga, ku gice
cy’uruziga n’aho abayobozi bicara.
– Guteganya icyo kwandikaho niba ari ngombwa; ikibaho, amakaye cyangwa
ikindi kintu cyose cyatuma abari mu nama bashobora gukurikira (nko
kwitabaza ikoranabuhanga niba ari ngombwa).
2. Tondeka neza izi nteruro ukurikije igitekerezo gikwiye kubanzan’icyakurikiraho.
Ibisubizo
a) Inyandiko mvugo y’inama ya Komite Nyobozi y’Akarere na Bwakira yo ku wa
12 Gashyantare 2016.
b) Abitabiriye inama
c) Ibyari ku murongo w’ibyigwa
d) Uko inama yagenze
e) Gusuzuma raporo z’ubwitabire bw’umuganda
f) Gukora igenagaciro ry’umuganda mu kwezi kwa Mutarama
g) Gusuzuma imikorere y’abayobozi b’imirenge
h) Utuntu n’utundi
Iv. Ikibazo ku magambo yabugeneweUzuza iyi mbonerahamwe
V. Ibibazo ku butinde n’amasaku
1. Garagaza imiterere y’ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo akurikira:
a) Urukwavu d) Imbata
b) Ikibabi e) Ikibuga
c) Urugendo shuri
2. Andika interuro zikurikira wifashishije ubutinde n’amasaku.
a) Mu muco nyarwanda kirazira gukora ubushakashatsi wangiza ibidukikije.
b) Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ingamba zo kubungabunga ahantu nyaburanga.
c) Ibyotsi biva mu nganda n’imodoka bihungabanya ibinyabuzima n’umwukaduhumeka.
d) Iby’iki gihe bisaba gusigasira ubuzima bwacu.
e) Nyiri ibyago ni rubanda rugufi rutazi iby’umutungo kamere.
V. Ibisubizo ku butinde n’amasaku
1. Garagaza imiterere y’ubutinde n’amasaku ku magambo akurikira:
a) Urukwavu: urukwâavu b) Imbata: imbaata
c) Ikibabi: ikibabi d) Ikibuga: ikibûga
e) Urugendo shuri: urugendo shuûri
2. Mu mucô nyarwaanda kirazira gukôra ubushaakashaatsi bwaangîiza
ibidûkiikije.
3. Leeta y’û Rwaanda yashyîzehô ingaâmba zô kubûungabuunga ahaantu
nyaburaanga.
4. Ibyôotsi bivâ muu ngaânda n’îimôdokâ bihuungabanya ibinyabuzima
n’ûmwuûka duhuumêeka.
5. Iby’iîki gihe bisaba gusîgasira ubuzima bwâacu.6. Nyirî ibyâago nî rubaanda rugufî rutaazî iby’ûmutûungo kamerê.