UMUTWE WA 4 KUBAKA UMUCO WA MAHORO
4.1 Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
– Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye n’umuco w’amahoro agaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi ziyigize.
– Gukoresha mu mvugo no mu nyandiko amazina y’urusobe no kuyasesengura agaragaza ibiyaranga.
– Kwandika ibaruwa mbonezamubano.
4.2 Ibyo umunyeshuri asanzwe azi
– Amakuru ku mazina y’inyunge
– Imbata y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi4.3 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
KUBUNGABUNGA UBUZIMA
4.4 Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
Umwarimu aha abanyeshuri igikorwa kibinjiza mu nsanganyamatsiko y’umutwe.
Urugero rw’igikorwa n’urugero rw’ibisubizo:
Uhereye ku bumenyi usanzwe ufite kora ubushakashatsi ugaragaze ingaruka
za jenoside, uko yakumirwa, ubwoko bw’ihohoterwa rikorwa mu muryango
n’uburyo ryakumirwa..
Jenoside igira ingaruka nyinshi cyane ku muryango kuko isiga ubukene kukabije
mu gihugu. Abantu bagapfa, abandi bagahunga bityo ugasanga imbaraga z’igihuguzirahashirira. Isiga kandi urwikekwe mu muryango...
Jenoside yakumirwa hahanwa abayikoze kugira ngo bihe isomo n’abandibabitekerezaga.
Kwigisha inyigisho nziza ziganisha ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge. Kurwanya buri wese
uhakana kandi agapfobya jenoside. Kurwanya no kurandura ingengabitekerezo yajenoside mu bantu...
Ihohoterwa ni igikorwa cyose kigambirira kugiririra undi nabi haba ku mubiri
cyangwa mu bitekerezo. Bimwe mu bishobora kuba intandaro y’ihohoterwa:
ibiyobyabwenge, itoteza, inzangano n’amakimbirane mu miryango. Habaho rero
ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri nko gukubitwa, gufatwa ku ngufu, gukoresha imirimo
ivunanye (kuvunisha abandi)...Haba kandi ihohoterwa rikora ku marangamutimanko gutukana no kubwira amagambo mabi. Ibi bitera ubwigunge no kubura ikizere.
Ibisubizo bizatangwa, bizajya bigenda binoizwa ku bufatanye bw’abanyeshurin’umwarimu uko isomo rizajya ritera imbere.
4.5 Amasomo ari mu mutwe wa kane n’igihe yagenewe
4. 5.1 Isomo rya mbere: Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko:
Gukumira no kurwanya jenoside
1. Intangiriro
Saba abanyeshuri kwitegereza ishusho ijyanye n’umwandiko “Ubwengeburarahurwa” bagiye gusoma akayibabazaho ibibazo.
a) Mwitegereje iyi shusho murabonaho iki?
Abantu bafite ibikoresho binyuranye bigaragara ko bavuye mu muganda.
b) Umuyobozi wabo ari gukora iki?
Ari gutanga ikiganiro ku buzima.
c) Ni iki kigaragaza ko ari gutanga icyo kiganiro?
Abaturage bose bamuteze amatwi, ikindi kandi hari icyapa cyanditseho ngo:
Dusobanukirwe zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’umwanda dufatanye kuzirwanya.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
a) Gusoma bucece
Saba abanyeshuri gusoma umwandiko bucece badahwihwisa, bandika amagambobadasobanukiwe hanyuma ubabaze ibibazo byo kugenzura ko basomye.
Uyu mwandiko uravuga ku yihe nsanganyamatsiko.
Uyu mwandiko uravuga kuri jenoside n’uburyo bwo kuyirwanya no kuyikumira.
Ijambo jenoside, ryatangiye gukoreshwa ryari ? Hari habaye iki?
Ijambo jenoside ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1944, igihe habaga ubwicanyi
bwibasiye Abayahudi i Burayi.
Ni gute umuntu yakumira jenoside?
Ni ukwamagana abafite ingengabitekerezo yayo, abayihakana n’abayipfobya.
b) Gusoma baranguruye
Somera abanyeshuri by’intangarugero ugaragaza isesekaza hanyuma ubasabe
gusoma baranguruye basimburana. Genda ubakosora aho basoma nabi kandi
wita ku banyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye. Fasha buri wese bitewe n’ikibazo afite.
c) Gusobanura amagambo no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda. Saba abanyeshuri gukora igikorwa 4.1 kiri
mu gitabo cyabo ubahe n’igihe cyo kugikora. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko
abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho
bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko ukurikira, ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma
uyasobanure wifashishije inkoranya cyangwa inyito afite mu mwandiko kandi
usubize n’ibibazo byawubajijweho.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Itsinda rimwe
rimurike ibijyanye n’inyunguramagambo irindi rimurike ibijyanye n’ibibazo byabajijwe
ku mwandiko. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no kuzuza bisubizo
byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Gusobanura amagambo
1) Kurimbura abantu: ubundi kurimbura igiti ni ukugikurana n’imizi, gushinguza
ikintu mu butaka ukagitembagaza. Kurimbura abantu rero ni ugutsemba
abantu, kwicira abantu kubamara.
2) Kwibasira umuntu: kubonerana umuntu umukorera ibintu bibi ubutaruhuka
cyangwa kwikoma umuntu.
3) Ubumuntu: kamere muntu.
4) Gutesha agaciro umuntu: kumwambura ubumuntu, gusubiza umuntu
inyuma mu kamaro cyangwa mu gushima.5) Guta agaciro: gusubira inyuma mu kamaro cyangwa mu gushimwa.
6) Kubura agaciro: kubura uburyo; kwigira imburamumaro.
7) Umugambi mubisha: inama yo gukora ikintu cy’ubugome.
8) Guhana umugambi: kumvikana n’umuntu ku kintu mushaka gukora, ku
buryo cyangwa ku gihe kizakorwa
1. Jenoside ni iki? Jenoside ni ubwicanyi bwibasira imbaga y’abantu bafite
icyo bahuriyeho, bugamije kuyirimbura hashyirwa mu bikorwa umugambi
ubawarateguwe.
2. Kuki jenoside itandukanye n’ubundi bwicanyi? Jenoside itandukanye
n’ubundi bwicanyi kubera ko haba hari umugambi n’ubushake byo kurimbura
abantu bazira icyo bari cyo; bukaba bukorwa na Leta kuko ari yo ifite uburyo
n’ubushobozi bwo kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu runaka.
3. Kuvuga ko jenoside ari icyaha kidasaza bishatse kuvuga iki? Kuvuga
ko jenoside ari icyaha kidasaza ni ukuvuga ko gihanirwa aho ari ho hose ku
isi n’igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
4. Intambwe jenoside inyuramo kugira ngo igerweho ni zingahe?
Zivuge uzikurikiranyije. Intambwe jenoside inyuramo kugira ngo igerweho
niumunani.Izo ntambwe ni izi: gutandukanya abaturage babacamo ibice;
guhabwa izinaryihariye hatangwa inyigisho z’urwango; kwamburwa
ubumuntu; guteguraabazayikora banigishwa hanashakwa ibikoresho;
kwibasira abatagiraaho babogamiye; kugaragaza abagomba kwicwa
bakora urutonde; kwicahagamijwe kubamaraho; guhakana no kwibasira
abatangabuhamya.
5. Vuga nibura uburyo butatu bwo gukumira jenoside bugaragara mu
mwandiko.Ubuyo bwo gukumira jenoside ni ugushyiraho itegeko muri buri
gihugu rihana buri wese wambura ubumuntu mugenzi we; kwirinda ivangura
iryo ari ryo ryose; kwigisha uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.
6. Ni iyihe nama wagira buri muntu mu rwego rwo kwirinda no kurwanya
jenoside? Mu rwego rwo kwirinda no kurwanya jenoside buri wese akwiye
gukunda mugenzi we, kumva ko ari ikiremwa k’Imana no kwamagana
ubuyobozi bucamo ibice abaturage.
7. Garagaza uburyo bunyuranye bwo gukumira no kurwanya jenoside
butavuzwe mu mwandiko. Aha umwarimu areba niba uburyoabanyeshuribatanze bushoboka akabafasha kubunonosora.
d) Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora babiribabiri umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo uri mubitabo byabo. Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Koresha aya magambo ukore interuro ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko: ubumuntu,
kwibasira, agaciro.
– Si byiza kwambura abandi ubumuntu.
– Uriya mugabo yibasiwe n’ubukene.
– Karake yataye agaciro aho bamwirukaniye ku kazi.
Tanga nk’umukoro ikibazo cya kabiri “Garagaza ingaruka Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi
mu Rwanda mu wa 1994 yagize ku buzima bw’Igihugu”. Iki kibazokizakosorwe muntangiriro y’isomo rikurikiraho.
4.5.2. Isomo rya kabiri: Amazina y’urusobe
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuribabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Garagaza ingaruka Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu wa 1994
yagize ku buzima bw’Igihugu”.
– Gutakaza imbaraga ku gihugu
– Urwikekwe mu bantu
– Ihungabana, ubupfubyi, abappfakazi, ubukene...
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 4.2 kiri mu bitabobyabo. Amatsinda amwe, akore ku nshoza andi ku turango n’andi ku bwoko
by’amazina y’urusobe. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri
ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha
aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma interuro zikurikira witegereza amagambo aciyeho umurongo maze utahure
inshoza, uturango n’ubwoko by’amazina y’urusobe.
a) Jenoside ishobora kwibasira abantu bahuriye ku ubwenegihugu
b) Iyo jenoside irangiye, abayikoze bakunze kwibasira abatangabuhamya
c) Ababiba inzangano bakoresheje uburyo bw’isakazamakuru bagomba kubihanirwa.
d) Abanyarwandakazi bafite uruhare runini mu kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro.
e) Nyirasenge wa Semuhanuka yari atuye i Nyamure.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza n’uturango by’amazina y’urusobe
Izina ry’urusobe ni izina rifite uturemajambo turenze dutatu tw’ibanze tw’amazina
mbonera. Izina ry’urusobe akenshi riba rigizwe n’izina risanzwe ryiyongeyeho
akandi karemajambo cyangwa rikiyunga n’ubundi bwoko bw’ijambo.
b) Ubwoko bw’amazina y’urusobe
Amazina y’urusobe tuyasangamo amoko atandukanye:
– Amazina y’inyunge
– Amazina y’urujyanonshinga
– Amazina y’akabimbura
– Amazina y’umusuma
– Amazina agaragaza amasano
1. Amazina y’urujyanonshinga
Aya mazina y’urujyanonshinga aba ashingiye ku nshinga yiyunze n’icyuzuzo cyayo,gishobora kuba izina, inshinga, ikinyazina, umugereka, bigakora izina rimwe.
Ingero:
– Umucamanza (guca imanza)
– Ikirirahabiri (kurumira habiri)
– imberabyombi(kubera byombi)
– Umurwanashyaka (kurwana ishyaka)
– Inshamake (guca make)
– Inyigaguhuma (kwiga guhuma)
– Umugiraneza (kugira neza)
2. Amazina y’akabimbura
Amazina y’akabimbura ni amazina y’urusobe afite akaremajambo(akabimbura)
kihagika imbere y’izina risanzwe. Akabimbura gashobora gutangira izina cyangwa
kakabanzirizwa n’utundi turemajambo.
Ingero:
– Ikinyamateka,
– Umunyeshuri
– Nyirumuringa
– Nyiramana
– Semahoro
– Samusure
– Benimana
– Umwenegihugu
– Mukamacumu
– Kamanzi
– Rwamagana
3. Amazina y’imisuma
Amazina y’umusuma ni amazina y’urusobe agizwe n’izina risanzwe ryiyongeraho
akandi karemajambo (umusuma).
Ingero:
– Inkokokazi,
– Umurundikazi,– Umugabekazi
4. Amazina y’urusobe afatiye ku masano
Amazina y’urusobe afatiye ku masano ni amazina agizwe n’amazina agaragaza
amasano yiyongeraho andi mazina cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw’amagambo.
Ingero:
– Databukwe
– Nyirabukwe
– Mabuja
– Sogokuru
– Nyirarume
– Nyogosenge
– Nyirakuruza
– Sekuru
5. Amazina y’impindurarwego
Amazina y’impindurarwego ni amazina y’urusobe yongeweho andi moko
y’amagambo. Ashobora kandi kuba agizwe n’andi moko y’amagambo yabaye
amazina.
Ingero:
– Mwanankundi
– Mugabonake
– Sinamenye
– Kwizera
– Uzamukunda
– Mutimukeye
– Uwimpuhwe
– Manirakiza
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke .Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
1. Tanga urugero rw’izina
a) ry’urujyanonshinga: amaburakindi, ingaramakirambi, indiragukinduka...
b) ry’akabimbura: umunyeshuri, nyirabukwe, sembwa...
c) ry’umusuma: umunyarwandakazi, umwamikazi, umugabekazi...
d) ry’impindurarwego: hakizimana, uwimana, girinka...
2. Vuga ubwoko bw’amazina akurikira:
a) Munyakazi: izina ry’akabimbura
b) Umutegarugori: izina ry’urujyanonshinga
c) Rwandekwe: izina ry’akabimburad) Nsanzubuhoro: zina ry’impindurarwego
4.5.3 Isomo rya gatatu: Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko: Rubundakumazi
1. Intangiriro
Saba abanyeshuri kwitegereza ishusho ijyanye n’umwandiko “Rubundakumazi”bagiye gusoma akayibabazaho ibibazo.
a) Mwitegereje iyi shusho murabonaho iki?
Abantu bafite ibikoresho binyuranye bigaragara ko bavuye mu muganda.
b) Umuyobozi wabo ari gukora iki?
Umuyobozi wabo arimo kubasomera inyandiko.
c) Ni iki kigaragaza ko ari gutanga icyo kiganiro?
Abaturage bose bamuteze amatwi.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
a) Gusoma bucece
Saba abanyeshuri gusoma umwandiko bucece badahwihwisa, bandika amagambo
badasobanukiwe hanyuma ubabaze ibibazo byo kugenzura ko basomye.
Iyi nkuru ivugwa mu muvugo yerekeranye na nde?
Iyi nkuru yerekeye umugabo Rubundakumazi ukunda kunywa no guhohotera
abana ababuza kwiga.
Ni iki cyatumye Rubundakumazi afatwa akajyanwa i mabuso?
Impamvu yabiteraga ni uko Rubundakumazi yahohoteraga umuryango.
b) Gusoma baranguruye
Somera abanyeshuri by’intangarugero ugaragaza isesekaza hanyuma ubasabe
gusoma baranguruye basimburana. Genda ubakosora aho basoma nabi kandi
wita ku banyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye. Fasha buri wese bitewe n’ikibazo afite.
c) Gusobanura amagambo no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda. Saba abanyeshuri gukora igikorwa 4.3 kiri
mu gitabo cyabo ubahe n’igihe cyo kugikora. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko
abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho
bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko ukurikira, ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma
uyasobanure wifashishije inkoranya cyangwa inyito afite mu mwandiko, usubize
n’ibibazo byawubajijweho.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Itsinda rimwe
rimurike ibijyanye n’inyunguramagambo irindi rimurike ibijyanye n’ibibazo byabajijwe
ku mwandiko. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no kuzuza ibisubizo
byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Gusobanura amagambo
– Kwibasira imbaga
– Gufata ingamba
– Indiri
– Intandaro– Gucurwa inkumbi n’indwara
1. Nyiramama uvugwa uvugwa mu mwandiko ni nde?
2. Ihohoterwa rivugwa mu mwandiko riterwa n’iki?
3. Abahohoterwa ni ba nde?
4. Ni uruhe ruhare rw’ubuyobozi mu gukemura amakimbirane yo mu muryango
rugaragara mu mwandiko?
5. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ihohoterwa bugaragara mu Gihugu cyacu?
6. Ni izihe ngamba zafatwa kugira ngo abantu birinde ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo
ryose?
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke.Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Simbuza amagambo atsindagiye amwe muri aya magambo akurikira: (aho ngaho,
abo uhohotera, indembe, badahuhurwa, abana, agahinda, ugakubita, uyobora)
– Urataha ugahonda.
– Ugahindura intere.
– Ngo badasongwa bashonje.
– Urubyaro wabyaye.
Saba abanyeshuri, buri wese ku giti ke, kuzakora umukoro uri mu gitabo cyabo
maze bazawumurike mu isomo rizakurikira.
UmukoroSobanura ihohoterwa rigaragara mu muryango nyarwanda n’ingaruka zaryo.
4.5.4 Ibaruwa mbonezamubano
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuribabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Sobanura ihohoterwa rigaragara mu muryango nyarwanda n’ingaruka zaryo.
Ihohoterwa ryo ku mubiri. Hari abagore ndetse n’abana bakubitwa, bafatwa ku
ngufu, abakoreshwa imirimo ivunanye....
Hari kandi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku marangamutima.
2. Uko isomo ritangwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 4.4 kiri mu bitabo byabo.
Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko abanyeshuri
basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma inyandiko ikurikira maze utahure inshoza n’uturango by’ibaruwa
mbonezamubano
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Amatsinda
asimburane amurika buri tsinda ingingo imwe. Yobora abagize andi matsinda kunoza
no kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza y’ibaruwa mbonezamubano
Ibaruwa mbonezamubano, ibaruwa isanzwe cyangwa ibaruwa ya gicuti, ni ibaruwa
umuntu yandikira umubyeyi, umuvandimwe we, inshuti n’abandi, agamije kumubwira
cyangwa kumubaza amakuru. Kubera ko urupapuro ruba ari ruto, umuntu wandika
ibaruwa agomba kuvuga iby’ingenzi, akirinda kurondogora.
b) Ibiranga ibaruwa mbonezamubano
Ibaruwa mbonezamubano irangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
– Aderesi y’uwanditse: amazina y’uwanditse n’aho abarizwa.
– Ahantu yandikiwe n’itariki: uwandika agaragaza aho yanditse ari n’itariki.
– Uwandikiwe: Uwandika agaragaza isano afitanye n’uwo yandikiye cyangwa
agashyiraho amazina y’uwandikiwe.
– Indamutso: Uwanditse asuhuza uwo yandikiye.
– Ubutumwa bw’ibaruwa: Buba bukubiyemo ibyo uwandika ashaka kugeza
ku wo yandikiye.
– Umusozo: Ugaragaramo gusezera n’intashyo.
– Izina ry’uwanditse n’umukono we: Uwanditse ibaruwa mbonezamubano
asoza yandika amazina ye agashyiraho n’umukono.
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo. Uwo
mwitozo ni uyu ukurikira:
Wifashishije ibaruwa iri mu gikorwa gitangira garagaza ibi ibikurikira:
1. Aderesi y’uwanditse
2. Ahantu n’igihe ibaruwa yandikiwe
3. Ubutumwa bukubiye mu gihimba k’ibaruwa.
Saba abanyeshuri, buri wese ku giti ke, kuzakora umukoro uri mu gitabo cyabo
maze bazawumurike mu isomo rizakurikira.
Umukoro
Andika ibaruwa mbonezamubano, uyandikire umuntu wihitiyemo mu bavandimwebawe cyangwa inshuti wubahirizaamabwiriza y’imyandikire y’Ikinyarwanda.
4.6 Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kane
Ifashishe ibibazo biri mu gitabo cy’umunyeshuri hanyuma utegurire abanyeshuri
isuzuma. Saba abanyeshuri kwitegura gukora isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbereburi wese ku giti ke.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Rondora ingaruka za Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi ku Gihugu cy’u Rwanda
zivugwa mu mwandiko.
2. Vuga ibintu by’ingenzi Leta y’u Rwanda yakoze ngo igarure ubumwe
n’amahoro mu Banyarwanda?
3. Wifashishije umwandiko ubona ari izihe mpamvu abakoze jenoside
bahakana bakanapfobya jenoside?
4. Tanga izindi ngaruka za Jenoside Yakorewe mu Abatutsi mu 1994 zitavuzwe
mu mwandiko.
5. Ubona ari izihe ngamba zafatwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo
ntihazongere kuba jenoside ku isi?
6. Iterambere ryihuse u Rwanda rugenda rugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside
Yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubona rikomoka kuki? Ni iki cyakorwa ngo
risigasirwe?
II. Inyunguramagambo Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura amagambo cyangwa amatsinda y’amagambo akurikira
ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko:
a) Ihungabana
b) Ipfobya
c) Inshike
d) Kuzima k’umuryango
2. Garagaza amagambo ari mu mwandiko ahuje inyito n’aya akurikira:
a) Kwishishanya, umwe yumva ko undi yamugirira nabi.
b) Kwisanga nta kintu ugifite bitewe n’icyago runaka cyaguteye.
c) Gukumirwa kubera ko wanzwe.
d) Nyinshi ku buryo bukabije.
3. Garagaza imbusane z’aya magambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko:
a) Ipfunwe
b) Rwarasenyutse
4. Uzuza interuro zikurikira wifashishije amagambo yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
a) Kana yariye umwenda w’abandi none agira .................... ryo kujya mu bandi.
b) Icyaha cya .................... kiri mu byaha byibasira inyoko muntu.
c) Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho amategeko ahana abagaragayeho ....................
d) Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’ .................... n’ .................... yagize uruhare rukomeye
mu kunga Abanyarwanda.
III. Ibibazo ku mazina y’urusobe
1. Tahura ubwoko bw’amazina y’urusobe akurikira:
a) Nyogokuru
b) Nyirinkwaya
c) Nyirabizeyimana
d) Rwankubebe
e) Nzamukosha
f) Ikoranabuhanga
2. Tahura amazina y’urusobe mu gika cya mbere cy’umwandiko “Ingaruka za
jenoside”.
IV. Ihangamwandiko
Andikira inshuti yawe ibaruwa umubwira ibyo wungukiye mu mahugurwa wakozeku bijyanye no kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro.