UMUTWE WA 1 UMUCO NYARWANDA
1.1 Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
– Gusesengura igitekerezo k’ingabo agaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi.
– Kurondora no gusobanura ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda nyemvugo
nyabami.
– Gusesengura raporo no kuyikora.
– Kuzuza neza impapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa.
1.2 Ibyo umunyeshuri asanzwe azi kuri uyu mutwe
– Ubuvanganzo nyemvugo bwo muri rubanda.
– Gukora umwandiko ntekerezo.
1.3 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
1.4 Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora igikorwa kibinjiza mu nsanganyamatsiko y’umutwe.
Urugero rw’igikorwa n’urugero rw’ibisubizo:
Uhereye ku bumenyi ufite, kora ubushakashatsi:
– Ugaragaze ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo nyabami;
– Usobanure raporo icyo ari cyo n’uko ikorwa;– Ugaragaze zimwe mu mpapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa n’uko zuzuzwa
– Mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda nyemvugo nyabami, twavuga ibitekerezo
nyabami (ibitekerezo by’ingabo), amazina y’inka, ibisigo nyabami, ubwiru,
ubucurabwenge, ibyivugo, inanga zivuga iby’ibwami, indirimbo z’ingabo.
Muri rusange, ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyabami zirangwa no kuba ari imyandiko
ivuga abami, imiryango yabo n’ingoma zabo.
– Raporo ikorwa n’umuntu wahawe ubutumwa ubu n’ubu. Iba ifite intego igamije,
ikajyamo ibitekerezo bwite bya nyiri ukuyikora, kandi ikarangira atanga
ibitekerezo ku myanzuro igomba gufatwa. Raporo iba igenewe umuyobozi
ugomba gufata ibyemezo ku bitekerezo byamugejejweho.
– Gukoresha imvugo itunganye kandi yumvikana neza. Kugaragaza ibyerekeye
icyo uvuga muri raporo yawe: itariki, isaha, igihe, abari bahari n’abo ari
bo, ingingo zizweho cyangwa ikindi gikorwa cyari cyajyanye ukora raporo,
ibyemezo byafashwe… Kugaragaza ibitekerezo by’ingenzi kugira ngo
uyisoma abone vuba ibyo uwakoze raporo aha agaciro kanini. Gushyirahoamazina n’umukono by’uwakoze raporo.
1.5 Amasomo ari mu mutwe wa mbere n’igihe yagenewe
1. 5.1 Isomo rya mbere: Gusoma no gusengura umwandiko
“Igitero k’i Butembo”
1. Intangiriro
Saba abanyeshuri kwitegereza ishusho ijyanye n’umwandiko “Igitero k’i Butembo”
bagiye gusoma akayibabazaho ibibazo.
Urugero rw’ibibazo yabaza n’urugero rw’ibisubizo :
a) Mwitegereje iyi shusho murabonaho iki?
Turahabona abantu bafite ingoma, imiheto, amacumu n’ingabo.Turahabona kandi
izu ya kera (inzu y’ibyatsi) ndetse n’umwami utetse.
b) Murabona se bakora iki?
Barimo babyinira umwami. Bigaragara ko bari kwiyereka.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
a) Gusoma bucece
Saba abanyeshuri gusoma umwandiko bucece badahwihwisa, bandike amagambo
badasobanukiwe hanyuma ubabaze ibibazo byo kugenzura ko basomye.
Urugero rw’ibibazo n’ibisubizo:
a. Inka z’inyambo zivugwa mu mwandiko, zagishishiorizwaga hehe?
Izo nka bazigishishiriza i Kamuronsi.
b. Ni hehe umwami yamaze iminsi mbere yo kujyana na ba Barundi i Kigali?
Umwami yamaze iminsi i Kabuye.
b) Gusoma baranguruye
Somera abanyeshuri by’intangarugero ugaragaza isesekaza hanyuma ubasabe
gusoma baranguruye basimburana. Genda ubakosora aho basoma nabi kandiwita ku banyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye. Fasha buri wese bitewe n’ikibazo afite.
c) Gusobanura amagambo no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda maze ubasabe gukora igikorwa 1.1 kiri mu gitabo
cyabo ubahe n’igihe cyo kugikora. Gendagenda mu ishuri, ureba ko abanyeshuri
basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utange ubufasha aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko, ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma uyasobanure
wifashishije inkoranya cyangwa inyito afite mu mwandiko kandi usubize n’ibibazo
byawubajijweho.
Niba igihe wabahaye kirangiye, basabe kumurika ibyo bakoze. Itsinda rimwe rimurike
ibijyanye n’inyunguramagambo, irindi rimurike ibijyanye n’ibibazo byabajijwe
ku mwandiko. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no kuzuza bisubizo
byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bosebabyandike mu makayi yabo.
Gusobanura amagambo
Kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Sobanura intandaro y’igitero k’i Butembo.
2. Ni nde wafashe iya mbere mu gushoza urwo rugamba?
3. Ni ikihe gihembo cyari giteganyirijwe umwamikazi uzarusha abandi kwitegura
umwami?
4. Shaka ibintu cyangwa ibikorwa byavuzwe mu mwandiko bibangamiye
ibidukikije.
5. Garagaza ingingo z’ingenzi zigaragara mu mwandiko.
6. Garagaza ingingo z’umuco n’amateka zigaragara muri uyu mwandiko.
d) Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora babiribabiri umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo uri mu
bitabo byabo. Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Ibabazo n’ibisubizo by’umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo
Koresha amagambo akurikira dusanga mu mwandiko mu nteruro wihimbiye:
a) Kugishisha inka
b) Amakoro
c) Abatasid) Ingando
Tanga nk’umukoro ikibazo cya kabiri”Uhereye ku mwandiko gararagaza ibindi
bikorwa by’ubutwari bya Kigeri IV Rwabugiri”. Kizakosorwe mu ntangiriro y’isomorikurikiraho.
1.5.2. Isomo rya kabiri: Ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyabami
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuribabyandike mu makayi yabo.
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2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 1.2 kiri mu bitabo
byabo.
Amatsinda amwe akore ku nshoza y’ubuvanganzo nyabami andi urondore ingeri
z’ubwo buvanganzo, andi na yo ahabwe kugaragaza uturango twazo.Bahe igihe cyo
gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe
ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Igitero k’i Butembo” ugereranye ibivugwamo
n’ibyavugwaga mu yindi myandiko wize, maze ukore ubushakashatsi utahure
inshoza y’ubuvanganzo nyabami, urondore ingeri z’ubwo buvanganzo n’ uturango
twazo.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
1.2.1 Inshoza
Ubuvanganzo nyabami ni ibihangano byose byerekeranye n’abami, ingoma
zabo, ibitero byabo, abakurambere, abatware n’imihango by’ibwami.Ni ingeri
y’ubuvanganzo itari igenewe buri wese nk’uko ubuvanganzo bwo muri rubanda
bwari bumeze. Bityo igihangano cy’ubuvanganzo nyabami ntawashoboraga kugira
icyo agihinduraho atabyemerewe.
1.2.2 Ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyabami
Mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda nyemvugo nyabami, twavuga ibitekerezo
nyabami (ibitekerezo by’ingabo), amazina y’inka, ibisigo nyabami, ubwiru,
ubucurabwenge, ibyivugo, inanga zivuga iby’ibwami, indirimbo z’ingabo. Muri
rusange, ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyabami zirangwa no kuba ari imyandiko ivuga
abami, imiryango yabo n’ingoma zabo.
1. Ibitekerezo
Ni imyandiko yafatiraga ku bantu babayeho (abami n’ab’ibwami, abatware) cyangwa
ibikorwa byabayeho bizwi ikavuga uko byagenze nk’ibitero ariko hakongerwamo
amakabyankuru. Ibitekerezo byo mu buvanganzo nyemvugo nyabami birimo
amoko abiri:
a) Ibitekerezo nyabami
Ibitekerezo nyabami cyangwa iby’imiryango ikomeye byavugaga umuntu ukomoka
ibwami cyangwa ukomoka ibutware, bikavuga amateka ye ariko bakongeramo
amakabyankuru.
Ingero:
– Bwiza bwa Mashira na Gahindiro.
– Ruganzu na Kimenyi umwami w’i Gisaka.
b) Ibitekerezo by’ingabo
Ibitekerezo by’ingabo byavugaga imitegurire n’imigendekere y’ibitero ingabo
z’umwami zagabye mu bindi bihugu bakongeraho amakabyankuru. Ibitekerezo
by’ingabo ni ibihangano byabaga bikubiyemo uko urugamba rwagenze.
Byahimbwaga n’abatekereza b’ibwami bafatiye ku byavuzwe n’abavuzi b’amacumu
babaga bakubutse ku rugamba. Abo bavuzi b’amacumu bari abantu bazwihoubuhanga mu kuvuga neza no gufata mu mutwe bagakoresha imvugo nziza kandi
batajijinganya. Mu bitekerezo by’ingabo havugwamo inkuru y’igitero n’abakigizemouruhare cyanecyane ab’intwari.
2. Amazina y’inka
Amazina y’inka ni imivugo irata inyambo n’umwami. Ni ingeri y’ubuvanganzo nyabami
irangwa n’itondeke ripimye (umubare w’utubangutso ungana), ikeshamvugo
n’amagambo yabugenewe. Yagiraga imiterere yihariye.
Amazina y’inka yagereranywa n’ibyivugo by’inka. Inka z’inyambo batangiye kuzirata
cyane mu mivugo kuva kera, ariko imihimbire y’amazina y’inka yaje kwamamara
ku ngoma ya Yuhi Gahindiro ahagana mu mwaka wa 1800. Kuva icyo gihe ni
bwo abahanga mu byo kwita inka (abisi) batangiye kurebera inka mu bwenge,
bakaziremesha ingamba. Inka baziremyemo imitwe bakayirwanisha. Buri mutwe
wari ubangikanye n’umutwe w’ingabo ushinzwe kuzirinda.
3. Ibisigo nyabami
Ibisigo nyabami ni imivugo yasingizaga abami n’ingoma zabo ikoresheje amagambo
y’indobanure. Byabanjijwe n’ibyo bitaga ibinyeto. Ijambo ibinyeto riva ku nshinga
kunyeta bivuga gusingiza cyangwa kurata. Abahanzi b’ibinyeto babitaga abenge.
Ibinyeto byabaga ari imivugo irata buri mwami ukwe. Bikaba bigufi, muri rusange
bitarengeje imikarago makumyabiri. Ibisigo nyabami birangwa n’ikeshamvugo,
amagambo y’indobanure kandi ntibyahindagurikaga mu miterere yabyo.
Ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli nibwo umugabekazi we w’umutsindirano Nyirarumaga
yahurije ibinyeto mu gisigo kimwe yise “Umunsi ameza imiryango yose”. Kuva ubwo
ibinyeto ntibyongera kubaho, ahubwo hatangira ibisigo. Ni ukuvuga ko umuntu wa
mbere wemewe mu Rwanda nk’umusizi ari Nyirarumaga. Guhera ubwo abasizi
batangiye guhimba ibisigo birebire bisingiza abami, banahabwa agaciro gakomeye
ibwami ndetse barema umutwe wabo (inteko y’abasizi) uyoborwa n’intebe y’abasizi.
4. Ubwiru
Ijambo “ubwiru” risobanura ibanga rikomeye cyane iryo ari ryo ryose. Mu
buvanganzo nyabami ubwiru ni imihango yakorwaga n’umwami n’abiru. Iyo
mihango yakorwaga mu ibanga kandi ikagira amagambo yihariye agendana na
yo. Iyo mihango bayitaga inzira z’ubwiru. Ubwiru bwari bukubiyemo amategeko
yagengaga imihango y’ibwami, bwakoreshaga ikeshamvugo n’andi magambo
yabugenewe kandi ntibwahindagurikaga.
5. Ubucurabwenge
Ni umuvugo muremure wavugaga ibisekuru by’abami n’abagabekazi. Abawufataga
mu mutwe bitwaga abacurabwenge. Ubucurabwenge burangwa n’uko buvuga
ibisekuru by’abami n’abamikazi mu buryo buryoheye amatwi. Ubucurabwengebwakorwaga n’abacurabwenge.
6. Ibyivugo
Kwivuga: ni ukuranga icyo uri cyo, uwo uri we mu rwego rw’intambara, rimwe na
rimwe umenyesha abakumva uwo ukomokaho byo guhimba, ukavuga ibyakuranze
ku rugamba. Ibyivugo ni imwe mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda bisingiza intwari n’ubutwari bwazo ndetse n’intwaro zifashishwaga.
Ibyivugo ni ubuvanganzo nyarwanda bwahimbirwaga kurata ubutwari bw’ingabo.
Nyiri ukwivuga yashakaga kugaragaza ubutwari yagize ku rugamba cyangwa
umugambi yiyumvamo wo kuzaba intwari mu bihe bizaza, akihimbira ikivugo
cyangwa agashaka ukimuhimbira, akagitora kikagaragaramo ubutwari bwe. Ibyo
bishaka kuvuga ko abagabo bose batari abahanga mu guhimba ibyivugo. Hariho
intiti kabuhariwe zahimbiraga n’abandi ibyivugo. Ibyivugo birangwa n’ibigwi
n’ibirindiro.
Ibigwi: Ni umubare cyangwa se amazina y’abanzi nyiri ukwivuga yatsinze ku
rugamba ndetse n’aho yabatsinze.
Ibirindiro: Ni ibikorwa by’akataraboneka uwivuga yagaragarije ku rugamba nko
kwimana no kugarukira ingabo bagenzi be (kuzirengera) gutahana iminyago,
kwibasira abanzi…
7. Inanga zivuga iby’ibwami
Mu buvanganzo nyabami, inanga zaherekezwaga n’indirimbo z’ingabo zigahishura
uko abakurambere batekerezaga, akari kabari ku mutima n’uko bari bameranye
mu mibanire yabo. Inanga tuzisangamo uturango tw’ubusizi nyarwanda
(isubirajwi, imibangikanyo, injyana...) Zahimbirwaga kurata no gusingiza abami.
Zacurangirwaga mu bitaramo binyuranye.
8. Indirimbo z’ingabo
Ni indirimbo zaririmbwaga mu bitaramo by’imyiyereko ingabo zitabarutse ku
rugamba. Izo ndirimbo zafatiraga ku bantu babayeho (abami, ab’ibwami n’abatware
cyangwa ibikorwa byabayeho bizwi nk’ibigwi, ibirindiro...)
Imyitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora imyitozo iri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke. Yoboraabanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
1. Ingeri z’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo nyabami zitandukaniye he n’ingeri
z’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo bwo muri rubanda ?2. Ni akahe kamaro ko kwiga ubuvanganzo nyabami muri iki gihe ?
1.5.3 Isomo rya gatatu: Raporo
1. Intangiriro
Baza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku isomo baheruka kwiga
a) Ni irihe somo twize ubushize?
Ubushize twize isomo rivuga uko igitero cyagendaga mu Rwanda rwo hambere.
b) Ni bande bagiraga uruhare mu gitero mu Rwanda rwo hambere?
Umwami, umugabekazi, umugaba w’ingabo, umugaba w’igitero, ibitsimbanyi,
abanyamihango b’ibwami, abakoni, abavuzi b’amacumu n’Abanyarwanda bose
muri rusage.
c) Uwabaga yabaye intwari ku rugamba mu bitero u Rwanda rwabaga
rwagabye, yagororerwaga iki?
Uwabaga wabaye intwari yahabwaga impeta y’ubutwari.
Umwarimu ahera ku bisubizo by’abanyeshuri akababwira ko bagiye kureba impeta
z’ubutwari mu Rwanda rwo hambere.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa
1.3 kiri mu bitabo byabo.
Amatsinda amwe atahureinshoza ya raporo, andi agaragaze uko ikorwa hanyuma
andi yerekane imiterere yayo. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda
mu ishuri ureba ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utange
ubufasha aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Iyo umuntu agiye mu butumwa ahantu runaka agamije kwereka uwamutumye ko
icyo yagiye gukora yagikoze, amukorera raporo. Kora ubushakashatsi utahureinshoza ya raporo, uko ikorwa n’imiterere yayo.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza bisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Inshoza ya raporo
Raporo ikorwa n’umuntu wahawe ubutumwa ubu n’ubu. Iba ifite intego igamije,
ikajyamo ibitekerezo bwite bya nyiri ukuyikora, kandi ikarangira atanga ibitekerezo
ku myanzuro igomba gufatwa. Raporo iba igenewe umuyobozi ugomba gufata
ibyemezo ku bitekerezo byamugejejweho.
b) Imbata ya raporo
Raporo, igira imbata nk’iy’umwandiko usanzwe. Ni ukuvuga umutwe, intangiriro,
igihimba n’umusozo.
– Umutwe : Umutwe wa raporo uba ari nk’inshamake y’ibikubiye muri raporo.
– Intangiriro: Muri iki gice, ukora raporo yandikamo icyo agiye gukorera raporo
n’impamvu ayikora ndetse n’agaciro iyo raporo ifite.
– Igihimba: Muri iki gice ukora raporo agaragaza ku buryo burambuye uko abona
ibyo akorera raporo; abivuga abitondekanya nk’ugambiriye kubisobanura mu
buryo bw’inyurabwenge. Ukora raporo agomba gutanga ibisobanuro biza
gutuma uwo aha raporo adashidikanya ku myanzuro aza kumugezaho. Ibyo kandi ukora raporo abikora atabogamye.
– Umusozo: Muri iki gice ukora raporo atangamo ibitekerezo by’uburyo ikibazo
k’ibyo yakoreye raporo abona cyakemuka. Mbere yo gutangira kwandika
raporo uba wabanje gutekereza ku byo uvuga mu myanzuro. Raporo nziza
igomba gutuma uwo yandikiwe yemera ibitekerezo biyikubiyemo, agafata
ibyemezo ku myanzuro yagejejweho, ariko ntigomba kubogama.
c) Uko raporo ikorwa
Ukora raporo agomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
– Gukoresha imvugo itunganye kandi yumvikana neza.
– Kugaragaza ibyerekeye icyo uvuga muri raporo yawe: itariki, isaha, igihe,
abari bahari n’abo ari bo, ingingo zizweho cyangwa ikindi gikorwa cyari
cyajyanye ukora raporo, ibyemezo byafashwe…
– Kugaragaza ibitekerezo by’ingenzi kugira ngo uyisoma abone vuba ibyo
uwakoze raporo aha agaciro kanini.– Gushyiraho amazina n’umukono by’uwakoze raporo.
Imyitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora imyitozo iri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke. Yobora
abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
a) Raporo ni iki?
b) Sobanura ibyo wagenderaho ukora raporo.
1.5.4 Impapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa
1. Intangiriro
Baza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku isomo baheruka kwigaUmwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku isomo baheruka kwiga.
a) Ni irihe somo duheruka kwiga?
Isomo duheruka kwiga ni raporo, uko bakora raporo.
b) Ni ryari umuntu akora raporo?
Umuntu akora raporo iyo yoherejwe mu butumwa akaba agomba kubwira uwa
mutumye uko yakoze ibyo yatumwe, uko igikorwa yatumwemo cyagenze.
c) Imbata ya raporo iteye ite?
Imbata ya raporo igizwe n’umutwe, intangiriro, igihimba n’umusozo.
2. Uko isomo ryigishwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 1.4 kiri mu bitabo byabo.
Amatsinda amwe agaragaze impapuro zuzuzwa, andi asobanure uko zuzuzwa n’
ibyuzuzwaho. Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba
ko abanyeshuri basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utange ubufasha ahobukenewe.
Igikorwa
Ushingiye ku byo usanzwe uzi cyangwa ubona, garagaza impapuro zuzuzwa, uko
zuzuzwa n’ ibyuzuzwaho.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Kuri buri
ngingo hamurike itsinda rimwe. Fatanya n’abagize andi matsinda kugorora no
kuzuza ibisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma ibisubizo by’ingenzi byandikwe ku kibaho,
abanyeshuri bose babyandike mu makayi yabo.
a) Impapuro zo mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta
Mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta hari impapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa
zitumanyirazo ahabwa serivisi runaka. Zimwe muri izo mpapuro ni izi zikurikira:
– Ikemezo cy’amavuko;
– Ikemezo gisimbura ikarita ndangamuntu by’agateganyo;
– Icyangombwa cyo gushyingirwa;
– Icyangombwa cy’ubupfakazi;
– Ikemezo cy’ubugaragu;
– (…)
Mu buryo bwo gutanga serivisi inoze impapuro zimwe na zimwe zuzuzwa
hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Ni muri urwo rwego zimwe muri izi mpapuro zisabwa
hifashishijwe urubuga “www.irembo.gov.rw”
Imikorere y’urubuga Irembo
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(Rwanda Online Platform Ltd).
Ukeneye impapuro z’ubuyobozi, ajya ku rubuga www.irembo.gov.rw agakurikiza
amabwiriza bitewe n’urupapuro akeneye, agahabwa inomero yishuriraho.
Kwishyura serivisi ku rubuga Irembo bishobora gukorwa mu uburyo bukurikira:
terefoni ngendanwa, ikarita yo kubitsa no kubikuza n’andi makarita akoreshwa mu
mabanki bakorana n’ubundi. Usabye serivisi agomba kumenya ko umwirondoro wewinjijwe neza.
Uko basaba ikemezo bakoresheje Irembo
Kugira ngo ubone ikemezo bisaba kuba ufite mudasobwa cyangwa terefoni irimo
murandasi. Wifashisha inshakisho (browser) hanyuma ukandika ahabugenewe“www.irembo.gov.rw.”, hagahita haza ibi bikurikira:
Ushakisha ahanditse inzego z’ibanze, ugahitamo ikemezo uzashaka, hanyuma
ukanyura mu ntambwe zikurikira:
a) Intambwe ya mbere: Gusaba
– Gukoresha Irembo: Niba utariyandikishije ku rubuga Irembo, kanda ahanditse
“Kwiyandikisha” hejuru iburyo maze wiyandikishe ukoresheje indangamuntu
yawe na nomero ya terefoni igendanwa ibaruye ku ndangamuntu yawe.
– Gusaba ukoresheje terefoni igendanwa (USSD): Kanda *909# ukurikize
amabwiriza, cyangwa ushobora no kwegera uhagarariye Irembo
akabigufashamo.
Nyuma yo kohereza dosiye isaba, wohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri terefoni
cyangwa imeri (Email) yawe byemeza ko dosiye yoherejwe kandi ugahabwa kode
yo kwishyuriraho.
b) Intambwe ya kabiri: Kwishyura
– Ushobora guhita wishyura unyuze ku rubuga Irembo ugakoresha amakarita
(VISA cyangwa MasterCard), cyangwa se ugahitamo kwishyura ukoresheje
terefoni, mobikashi (Mobicash), cyangwa ukajya ku ishami rya Banki ikorana
n’irembo ukishyurira yo hifashishijwe kodi wahawe.
– Nyuma yo kwishyura, wohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri terefoni cyangwa
kuri imeri (Email) bwemeza ko wishyuye. Nutabona ubutumwa bugufi kuri
terefoni cyangwa imeri mu gihe k’iminota 30, wahamagara kuri 9099 umukoziw’Irembo akagufasha.
c) Intambwe ya gatatu: Igihe cyo kujya gufata ikemezo
Iyo umukozi ubishinzwe abonye dosiye yawe, arayisuzuma akayemeza cyangwa
akayihakana hanyuma ukohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri terefoni cyangwa imeri
(Email) bukumenyesha ko dosiye yawe yemewe cyangwa yanzwe.Iyo utabonye
ubutumwa bugufi nyuma y’iminsi itatu y’akazi wohereje dosiye isaba, uhamagara
ku biro by’abashinzwe serivisi wasabye.
d) Intambwe ya kane: Kujya gufata icyangombwa
Iyo ubunye ubutumwa bukubwirako dosiye yawe isaba yemejwe, ujya ku rubuga
rw’Irembo ugakuraho icyangombwa cyawe wifashishije kode wishyuriyeho.Urugero rw’ikemezo wahabwa umaze gukoresha Irembo:
e) Sheki
Sheki ni urupapuro rwuzuzwa muri banki kugira ngo nyira rwo cyangwa uwo aruhaye
abikuze amafaranga kuri konti. Iby’ingenzi byuzuzwa kuri sheki ni ibi bikurikira:
– Umazina y’uri bubikuze akoresheje iyo sheki.
– Umubare w’amafaranga abikuzwa.
– Itariki sheki itangiweho.– Umukono wa nyiri konti.
Urugero rwa sheki
Imyitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora imyitozo iri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke. Yobora
abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Imyitozo
Ishyire mu mwanya w’ushaka icyangombwa gisimbura irangamuntu cyangwa ikindi
cyangombwa maze uge kurubuga irembo wuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo ugihabwe.
1. Intangiriro
Yobora abanyeshuri bakosore umukoro batahanye. Baza bamwe mu banyeshuri
batange ibisubizo, abandi babigorore byandikwe ku kibaho hanyuma abanyeshuri
babyandike mu makayi yabo.
Umukoro n’urugero rw’ibisubizo:
Ni izihe ngaruka z’indwara z’ibyorezo ku iterambere ry’umuryango n’iry’igihugu
muri rusange? Gira abaturage inama zabafasha kwirinda indwara z’ibyorezo.
Ingaruka z’indwara z’ibyorezo ku muryango:
Ingaruka z’indwara z’ibyorezo ku gihugu:
Inama zafasha abaturage kwirinda indwara z’ibyorezo:
2. Uko isomo ritangwa
Shyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ubasabe gukora igikorwa 1.4 kiri mu bitabo byabo.
Bahe igihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa. Gendagenda mu ishuri ureba ko abanyeshuri
basobanukiwe ibyo bagomba gukora kandi utanga ubufasha aho bukenewe.
Igikorwa
Ifashishe umwandiko “Indwara z’ibyorezo”, ukore ubushakashatsi maze usubizeibibazo bikurikira:
- Tahura ubwoko bw’umwandiko “Indwara z’ibyorezo”.
- Tahura inshoza, uturango n’imbata byawo.
- Ni ayahe mabwiriza agenga ubu bwoko bw’umwandiko.
Igihe wabahaye kirangiye, saba abanyeshuri kumurika ibyo bakoze. Amatsinda
asimburane amurika buri tsinda ingingo imwe. Yobora abagize andi matsinda kunoza
no kuzuza ibisubizo byatanzwe hanyuma byandikwe ku kibaho, abanyeshuri bose
babyandike mu makayi yabo. Ibisubizo byanogejwe
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo. Uwo
mwitozo ni uyu ukurikira: Kurikirana imbwirwaruhame yafashwe kuri radiyo maze
uyijore.
Shaka imwirwaruhame iri mu majwi cyangwa mu majwi n’amashusho hanyuma
uyumvishe abanyeshuri. Saba abanyeshuri kuyijora bashingiye ku byo bize maze
bagaragaze ibyakozwe neza n’ibigomba kunozwa muri iyo mbwirwaruhame.
Saba abanyeshuri, buri wese ku giti ke, kuzakora umukoro uri mu gitabo cyabo
maze bazawumurike mu isomo rizakurikira.
Umwitozo
Saba abanyeshuri gukora umwitozo uri mu bitabo byabo buri wese ku giti ke .
Yobora abanyeshuri bakore ikosora rusange ry’umwitozo.
Ikibazo cy’umwitozo
Ishyire mu mwanya w’ushaka icyangombwa gisimbura irangamuntu cyangwa ikindicyangombwa maze uge kurubuga irembo wuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo ugihabwe.
Igisubizo:...................
1.5.6 Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbere
Ifashishe ibibazo biri mu gitabo cy’umunyeshuri hanyuma utegurire abanyeshuri
isuzuma. Saba abanyeshuri kwitegura gukora isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbereburi wese ku giti ke.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ni ubuhe buryo Kimenyi I Musaya umwami w’i Gisaka yakoresheje kugira
ngo bamushyingire Robwa?
Kimenyi I Musaya umwami w’i Gisaka yakoze uko ashoboye agirana
umubano na Nkorokombe muramu wa Nsoro kugira ngo azabe ariwe acaho
asaba ko bamushyingira Robwa.
2. Kubera iki Bwimba yategetse ko Abasinga batagombaga gusubira ku ngoma
imyaka agahumbi?
Bwimba yategetse ko Abasinga batagombaga gusubira ku ngoma
imyaka agahumbi kubera ko Nyina wakomokaga mu Basinga ari we wari
waragambaniye u Rwanda abuza bwimba gutera i Gisaka, agashyingira
Robwa mu Gisaka, akanoshya Nkurukumbi kwanga kuba umutabazi.
3. Kubera iki umugabekazi Nyakanga na musaza we Nkorokombe bashyigikiye
umugambi wo gushyingira Robwa mu Gisaka?
Ngo kunywana n’i Gisaka byari gutuma kitazabatera kuko cyabarushaga
amaboko.
4. Uhereye kuri Robwa na Ruganzu Bwimba, gira icyo uvuga ku buryo abana
bafataga umurage basigiwe n’ababyeyi babo wifashishije ingero.
5. Ibyo Robwa na Bwimba bakoze mu gihe cyabo byabagize intwari kandi
bibaha indangagaciro yo gukunda Igihugu. Ni iki wowe wakora kugira ngo
ugaragarweho n’idangagaciro yo gukunda Igihugu muri iki gihe?
II. Inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura amagambo akurikira
a) Umucengeri
– Umucengeri ni igikomangoma cyabaga cyerewe n’indagu y’i bwami kikajya
mu gihugu bashaka gutera, kikagenda kitarwana ariko cyiyenza, kikagwayo,
bikaba uburyo bwo kukigarurira.
– Umutabazi: umuntu wabaga werejwe n’indagu y’ibwami akitanga ku rugamba
rwaremeye ishyanga, amaraso ye agatsindira urwanda igihugu aguyemo,
yabaga ari umugabo wo munda y’ingoma cg ukomoka mu batsobe.b) Kuberana
c) Muramu (w’umuntu)
d) Rukurura
2. Koresha mu nteruro amagambo akurikira:
a) Umugabekazi
b) Indagu
c) Umweko
d) Imiziro
III. Ibibazo kuri raporo no ku mpapuro zuzuzwa
1. Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu kubikura amafaranga kuri banki?
2. Ni ayahe makuru yingenzi yuzuzwa kuri sheki?
3. Usibye sheki n’ikemezo cy’amavuko ni izihe mpapuro zindi muzi buzuza?
Tanga nibura ingero eshanu.
4. Kubera iki umuntu yandika raporo?5. Sobanura ibyakwitabwaho mu kujora raporo yakozwe.