UMUTWE 4: IMIYOBORERE MYIZA
Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe :
- Gusesengura umuvugo ku miyoborere myiza, hagaragazwa ingingo
z’ingenzi ziwukubiyemo.
- Gusesengura no kwandika neza inyandiko z’ubutegetsi n’izindi nyandikozinyuranye.
Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
Ushingiye ku bumenyi bwawe bwite, sobanura bimwe mu biranga imiyoboreremyiza n’ akamaro kayo ku Gihugu.
IV.1. Umwandiko: Karame Rwanda
Karame Rwanda nje nisanga,
Nsanze ukwiye biransaba,
Nkuvuge uko uri ukuri kuganze,
Nsanze hose ukwiye ijambo,
Bituma nshaka kukuririmba.
Dore n’ubwehe bwo kukurata,
Imyato yawe irakuririmba,
Nange nunge mu ry’abahanga,
Ngane n’inganzo mbivuge nemye,
Indongozi yo ku isi hose.
Mpanike nitse nsubire ibwonko,
Nkomeza nibariza abahanga,
Iby’ubukombe wubatse ku isi,
Babimbwira imvano yabyo,
Demokarasi y’Abanyarwanda
Byo birema Umunyarwanda ukwiye.
Nsanze u Rwanda rufite Imana,
Imari yisuka buri munsi,
Gukunda umurimo bikatubera,
Kuko hari ubuyobozi bwiza,
Buhora iteka buduha ijambo.Inama zubaka ziratangwa,
Gukura ayo maboko mu mifuka,
Twihangira imirimo yacu,
Tukanihaza no mu biribwa,
Igihe cy’akanda tukagicyaha.
Torero ry’u Rwanda karame,
Ubereye u Rwanda wuje abeshi,
Intore utoza umuco nyarwanda,
Harimo agaciro na kirazira,
Uyobora neza atanga ijambo,
Akajya inama n’abo ayobora,
Bakesa imihigo bikamubera,
Ari wo musingi w’ubwo bukire
Wo kwiyubakira kino Gihugu.
Kwiha agaciro biturange,
Ingamba zigamije kwivuza,
Ubwisungane ni kuri bose,
Bwasesekaye mu Rwanda,
Ku bw’iyo miyoborere myiza.
Amazi meza n’amashanyarazi,
Abashoramari barisukiranya,
Kuko boroherezwa imishinga,
Bagaha imirimo n’Abanyarwanda
Inzara ikagenda nka nyomberi!
Amashuri makuru na kaminuza,
Umutako mu rwatubyaye,
Bigaca uwo mwijima w’ubujiji,
Bigaha ijambo abashoboye,
Kuko na ruswa yimwe ijambo.
Umutekano inkingi y’amahoro,
Wabaye indahiro ku isi hose,
Tuwusigasire twesetwese,
Twime icyuho abawutokoza,
Twiyubakire urwatubyaye.
Ubumwe ubwiyunge ku isonga,
Bikadutoza kuba umwe twese,
Ntawuhezwa urwatubyaye,
Kuko amarembo yuguruye,Uje wese aza yisanga
Ubumenyi bwimbitse kuri bose,
Abakuru n’abato ntawuhezwa,
Gusoma kwandika no kubara,
Ubujiji bwimwe intebe mu Rwanda,
Ku bw’iyo miyoborere myiza.
Akarengane ko kimwe ijambo,
Imanza zihera mu midugudu,
Bagaca imanza nta kubogama,
Ntaretse umuganda wa buri kwezi,
Wo kwiyubakira Igihugu cyacu.
Ubuyobozi bwegereye rubanda,
Inzego zose zikora neza,
Zishyiriweho n’abarutuye,
Binyuze mu mucyo wa buri wese,Maze umuturage agira ijambo.
Ruswa ni umwanzi w’amajyambere ,
Ari uyitanga n’uyihabwa,
Bahanwa bose ntawusigaye,
Kuko imunga ubukungu bwacu,
Tuyirandure n’imizi yayo.
Ndate amatora akozwe mu mucyo,
Nta kimenyane kinaharanzwe,
Keretse kwemezwa n’abayoborwa,
Mukajya inama mu bibagenerwa,
Intero kwigira igasagamba.
Ubwuzuzanye buri ku isonga,
Aho nyampinga ahawe ijambo,
Mu buyobozi ntawuhezwa,
Kuko bashoboye nk’abo bagabo,
Iyo ni ya miyoborere myiza.
Komeza wubake ejo hazaza,
U Rwanda rwawe ruragukunda,
Ni umubyeyi uguhora hafi,
Ngo utere intambwe zijya aheza,
Ntiwiheze mu by’ahazaza.Umuhanzi: JYAMUBANDI Déo
IV.1.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Karame Rwanda” ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe,
hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko wifashishijeinkoranyamagambo.
Imyitozo y’inyunguramagambo
1. Uzuza izi nteruro ukoresheje aya magambo ari mu mwandiko, ashobora
guhindura intego: igihe cy’akanda; ubukombe, ubwehe, gusaba.
a) Imvura yaguye ari nyinshi amazi……….. ibibaya.
b) Muhoza yatoye inka none ibyishimo …………
c) Kamandwa yapfushije abana be bose n’umugore none yabikurijeho ……
bwo gusara.
d) Ujya kwica………….. arabwagaza.
e) Ubusanzwe Nkurunziza ntanywa amarwa keretse ……………….
2. Andika imbusane y’ijambo ryanditse mu mukara tsiri, ukoreshe
amagambo ari mu muvugo:
a) Kiriya gihugu gifite ubutegetsi bw’igitugu.
b) Wa mugabo yaje yikandagira.
c) Abo bagabo niba bandi bashishikajwe no kwisenyera igihugu.
3. Andika inyito z’amagambo yanditse mu mukara tsiri mu nteruro
zikurikira.
a) Karake yakoze mu nganzo aradushimisha cyane.b) Uyu mugabo yivuga imyato ubudasiba.
Imyitozo y’inyunguramagambo
IV.1.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Karame Rwanda”, maze usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Ni iki gituma umuhanzi ashaka kuririmba u Rwanda?
2. Erekana inkomoko y’ubuhangange bw’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda ukurikije
uyu muhanzi.
3. Ni iyihe mikarago igaragaza ko Abanyarwanda badakangwa n’inzara?
4. Ni iki kerekana ko ihohotera ryambuwe ijambo mu Rwanda?
5. Ni iki umuhanzi avuga ko gitoza uburere bwiza?6. Muri uyu mwandiko, ni gute uburinganire bwahawe ijambo?
IV.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Karame Rwanda” maze usubize ibibazo bikurikira:
1. Vuga insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru iri muri uyu mwandiko.
2. Garagaza ingingo z’ ingenzi zavuzwe mu mwandiko ku miyoborere
myiza.
3. Vuga izindi ngingo zivuga ku miyoborere myiza zitavuzwe mu mwandiko.4. Ni utuhe turango tw’ umuvugo ukurikije uko umwandiko umeze?
IV. 2. Umwandiko: Kagabo na Kamariza mu nama y’akagari
Kagabo na Kamariza ni abaturage bo mu mudugudu wa Amahoro dutuyemo.
Bakunda kuganira kuri gahunda za Leta. Iyo hari amakuru Kagabo amenye yihutira
kuyamenyesha Kamariza. Gusa ni umugabo w’umunyamashyengo. Umunsi umwe
yazindukiye kwa Kamariza kumumenyesha inama mpuzamahanga ku miyoboreremyiza yagombaga kubera mu Rwanda
Kagabo: Waramutse Kamari?
Kamariza: Waramutse!
Kagabo: Cyono igira hino ngire icyo nkwibariza.
Kamariza: Naje wokagira inka we!
Kagabo: Nashakaga kukubaza niba wamenye amakuru agezweho uyu munsi.
Kamariza: Habaye iki kidasanzwe? Nayamenya nyakuye he?
Kagabo: Ariko nawe sigaho gukabya! Wabura uyakura he? Hari amaradiyo
atandukanye, hari tereviziyo, hari ibinyamakuru byandikwa, hari imbuga
nyinshi wakwifashisha kuri interineti, waburira he amakuru wayashatse
muri iki gihe mu Rwanda rwacu? Ahubwo hari n’itangazo ryaciye kuri
tereviziyo ritwibutsa umuganda rusange uzaba mu mpera z’uku
kwezi.
Kamariza: Ni byo koko birakwiye ko twiyubakira igihugu. Ngaho se mbwira icyo
umpamagariye wikomeza kunyicisha amashyushyu!
Kagabo: Ariko wagiye ugira ukwihangana? Nashakaga kugusobanurira icyabaye.
Kamariza: Yego di! Ntiwumva ahubwo?
Kagabo: Abanyamahanga baje mu nama mpuzamahanga ku miyoborere myiza
iri kubera mu Rwanda. Igihugu cyacu ni cyo bahisemo kubera kuba
intangarugero mu miyoborere myiza kandi kikaba gifite umutekano
uhamye. Kandi natwe tutabasha kwitabira iyo nama, baduteguriye
kuyikurikiranira hafi kuri bya byuma binini kabuhariwe mu kwerekana
amashusho no gusakaza amajwi ku bantu benshi bari hamwe.
Kamariza: Yewe burya koko dufite ubuyobozi bwiza! Amahanga yose aza
kutwigiraho?
Kagabo: Abayobozi bacu ni intore nziza. Ni ba nkore neza bandebereho. Imiyoborere
myiza y’Igihugu cyacu yabaye ubukombe none ibaye akarusho n’urugero
rw’ikitegererezo imbere y’amahanga yose.
Kamariza: Reka nguherekeze tuge kumva ibivugirwamo, nituvayo turategura
ikegeranyo tuzageza ku bandi. Tuzasaba akanya mu mugoroba
w’ababyeyi cyangwa nyuma y’ibikorwa by’umuganda tuyababwire.
Kagabo: Reka ahubwo dukubite tubangura, tugende kare tugire igihe tugarukira
maze twitabire inteko y’abaturage iba ku gicamunsi. Ni ho tuza gusaba
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa akanya tubibabwire.
Kamariza: Ni byo koko di! Ni na ho haba hari umwanya wo kuganira n’abandi ku
buryo burambuye no guhanahana amakuru ku buryo bworoshye.
Nyuma y’iki kiganiro Kagabo na Kamariza bitabiriye inteko y’abaturage. Basanze
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari k’Amahoro dutuyemo agiye
kudusomera ibaruwa yaturutse mu buyobozi bw’umurenge. Yasomye ibaruwaagira ati:
Repuburika y’u Rwanda Gitaha, ku wa 12/2/2019
Umurenge wa Gitaha
Akarere ka Mukoto
Intara ya Bukinanyana
Agasanduku k’amabaruwa 78 Mukoto
Bwana Umunyamabanga
Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari
k’ Amahoro
Agasanduku k’amabaruwa 11Mukoto
Impamvu: Gushyira mu bikorwa
gahunda ya Gira inka Munyarwanda.
Bwana,
Nejejwe no kukwandikira iyi baruwa
ngira ngo ngusabe gufasha umuturage Mugemana ubarizwa mu Kagari k’ Amahoro
ubereye Umuyobozi kubona inka yagombaga guhabwa muri gahunda ya Gira inkaMunyarwanda.
Mu by’ukuri, Bwana Muyobozi, uko
uyu muturage abigaragaza ni we watoranyijwe n’inteko y’umudugudu we ngo
azahabwe inka muri gahunda ya Gira inka Munyarwanda. Nyamara bigaragara
ko atayihawe. None rero ugomba gukurikirana icyo kibazo, iyo nka yahawe
utaragombaga kuyihabwa, ikagaruka, igahabwa Mugemana kandi n’abayobozi
babigizemo uruhare bakabihanirwa.
Ndagusaba ko uzankorera raporoy’uko iki kibazo cyakemuwe bidatinze kandi uzabikorane ubushishozi.
KAMANZI Charnaud
Umunyamabanga Nshingabikorwaw’Umurenge wa Gitaha
Bimenyeshejwe:
- Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Mukoto
- Umuyobozi w’Intara ya Bukinanyana- Ushinzwe umutekano mu Ntara ya Bukinanyan
Nyuma yo gusoma iyo baruwa, Umunyamabanga Nshingabikorwa w’akagari
yasabye komite ishinzwe gahunda ya Gira inka Munyarwanda mu kagari gukubita
ibangura igakemura icyo kibazo mu maguru mashya.
Umunyamabanga Nshingabikorwa w’Akagari k’ Amahoro atizimbye mu magambo
yadusobanuriye ibyiza byo kwakira neza abatugana no gutanga serivisi inoze kandi
yihuse.
Amaze kudusobanurira, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa asaba ituze ku
bari aho, maze aha ijambo Kagabo na Kamariza ngo na bo batugezeho ibyo bari
baduteguriye ku nsanganyamatsiko yerekeranye n’imiyoborere myiza y’Igihugu
cyacu. Kagabo yatangiye aducira umugani ngo: “Uwambaye ikirezi ntamenya ko
kera.” Yashakaga kutwumvisha ko hari Abanyarwanda bamwe batabona ibyiza
dukesha ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu cyacu, ngo babihe ireme n’agaciro nyabyo.
Kagabo akomeza avuga ko amahanga menshi atangarira ibyo u Rwanda rumaze
kugeraho nyuma y’igihe gito ruvuye mu marorerwa ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
mu 1994. Bibaza ibanga dukoresha ngo tugire iterambere ryihuta mu gihe gito. Ni
yo mpamvu badahwema kugirira mu Rwanda ingendo shuri baje kutwigiraho no
gusaba impanuro abayobozi bacu. Uretse kandi gutangazwa n’iterambere ryacu,
bishimira ukuntu bagera mu Rwanda bakakiranwa urugwiro, bagahabwa serivisi
inoze kandi yihuta. Bishimira ituze n’umutekano biharangwa bakanyurwa n’isuku
iranga imigi yacu. Ni muri urwo rwego usanga inama mpuzamahanga nyinshi
zitegurirwa kubera mu Rwanda.
Kamariza yakurikiyeho afata ijambo arondora bimwe mu biranga imiyoborere
myiza. Yagaragaje ko ubuyobozi butangwa n’abaturage binyuze mu matora akorwa
mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure, bugakorera abaturage. Ni ubuyobozi bwegerezwa
abaturage bakagira uruhare mu igenamigambi ry’ibikorwa bakeneye. Bwumva
ibyifuzo by’abaturage, bukabakemurira ibibazo kandi bugashakisha iteka icyabateza
imbere ndetse bakagira imibereho myiza n’iterambere mu bukungu. Ubwo buyobozi
bubungabunga umutekano w’abantu n’ibyabo ndetse n’umutekano w’igihugu
n’akarere kirimo muri rusange. Ntibugira ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose, ahubwo bufata
abanyagihugu bose kimwe.
Si ibyo gusa, ubuyobozi burangwamo imiyoborere myiza ntiburangwamo ruswa,
gushyira inyungu z’abayobozi imbere bigwizaho umutungo no kuwunyereza. Ahubwo
abayobozi bashyira inyungu z’abo bayobora imbere, bakamenya abatishoboye
n’abafite ibibazo byihariye nk’iby’ubuzima n’imibereho, bakabafasha kubikemura.
Ubuyobozi burwanya ikimenyane n’akarengane maze bugaharanira ubutabera kuri
bose. Abenegihugu bagira uburenganzira bemererwa n’amategeko bagahabwa
n’amahirwe angana bakoresha mu bikorwa binyuranye maze buri wese akishyira
akizana. Abayobozi bakorera ku mihigo aho buri muyobozi ahigira abaturage ibyoazabagezaho kandi akesa iyo mihigo. Iyo abaturage basanze adashoboye, basaba ko
yasimbuzwa undi ushoboye.
Nyuma y’ijambo rya Kamariza, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa yasoje inama
asomera abaturage itangazo ryaturutse mu bunyamabanga bw’umurenge
butumira abayobozi b’imidugudu mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo. Iryo tangazoryagiraga riti:
Itangazo
Mu rwego rwo kunoza imiyoborere myiza mu Murenge wa Gitaha, ubuyobozi
bw’Umurenge wa Gitaha bunejejwe no kumenyesha abayobozi b’imidugudu
bose bo mu Murenge wa Gitaha ko batumiwe mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo
yo kurebera hamwe ikigero abaturage bagezeho mu gutanga ubwisungane mu
kwivuza (mituweri) izaba ku Cyumweru tariki ya 25/01/2015, saa tatu za mu gitondo
(09h00). Kuza kwanyu ni inkunga ikomeye mu kwita ku buzima bw’abo muyobora.
Bikorewe i Gitaha ku wa 20/01/2015
Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Gitaha.
Nyuma y’iryo tangazo twese twatashye twishimiye inyigisho nziza twari tumaze
kuronka, tunashimira ubuyobozi bwacu burangwa n’imiyoborere myiza. Wumvaga
abantu bose bemeza ko bagiye kurushaho gutanga serivisi nziza mu byo bakora
byose, kwitabira no gushyigikira gahunda za Leta ngo biteze imbere kandi biyubakireIgihugu.
IV.2.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Kagabo na Kamariza mu nama y’ akagari” ushakemo
amagambo udasobanukiwe, hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije inyito afite mumwandiko wifashije inkoranyamagambo.
Imyitozo
1. Simbuza amagambo atsindagiye andi magambo cyangwa amatsinda
y’amagambo yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko bihuje inyito.
a) Kurangiza neza ishingano umuntu yihaye mu kazi ke bituma aba
umuyobozi w’indakemwa.
b) Kwiba umutungo wa rubanda ni icyaha kitababarirwa.
c) Kuvuga ukarambirana bituma abantu binubira ibyo uvuga.
d) Abaturage bari mu nama, iyo bagize amatsiko menshi bituma babaza
cyane.
e) Umuyobozi ugira vuba na bwangu muri serivisi atanga, afasha abaturage
benshi.
2. Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro ziboneye.
a) Igenamigambi
b) Impanuro
c) Kuronka3. Tahura umugani wakoreshejwe mu mwandiko kandi uwusobanure.
IV.2.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Kagabo na Kmariza mu nama y’ akagari” hanyuma
usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
1. . Ese iyo bavuze imiyoborere myiza, wumva iki?
2. Imiyoborere myiza igirira abantu akahe kamaro?
3. Ni izihe nyungu zo kwakira neza abatugana no kubaha serivisi inoze
kandi yihuta?
4. Inama nyunguranabitekerezo ivugwa mu mwandiko yari igenewe
bande?
5. Abitabiriye inama batashye bameze bate? Kubera iki?6. Ni iki biyemeje gukora inama ikirangira
IV.2.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko”Kagabo na Kamariza mu nama y’ akagari”
hanyuma usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka zivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Ese ni ngombwa ko imiyoborere myiza igaragara gusa mu nzego z’
ubuyobozi?
Sobanura wifashishije ingero.
3. Ese hari aho wigeze kujya ntiwahabwa serivise nziza nk’ uko ubyifuza?
Niba ari byo byagenze bite? Wumvise umerewe ute?
4. Ubaye umuyobozi w’ahantu hatigeze harangwa imiyoberere myiza niibiki wakwihutira gukora?
IV. 3. Inyandiko z’ ubutegetsi: Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi
Igikorwa
Mu mwandiko “Kagabo na Kariza mu nama y’akagari”, harimo ibaruwa
umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’ akagari yasomeye abaturage mu nama.
Soma kandi witegereze iyo baruwa, ukore ubushakashatsi usubize ibibazo
bikurikira:
Ibibazo:
1. Ibaruwa umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’ akagari yasomeye
abaturage mu nama ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibaruwa? Tahura inshoza ya
bene ubwo bwoko bw’ibaruwa.
2. Iyo baruwa iteye ite?3. Garagaza imbata y’iyo baruwa
IV. 3. 1. Inshoza y’ibaruwa y‘ubutegetsi
Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi ni ibaruwa ngufi kandi ivuga ibya ngombwa birasa ku ntego,
ikirinda uburondogozi no kugaragaza amarangamutima. Igituma iba ngufi ni ukouwandika agomba gusa kwibanda ku mpamvu yatumye yandika.
Bene iyi baruwa y’ubutegetsi iba igamije gusabwa gutanga serivisi ku bo igenewe,
gusaba akazi, gusubiza uwasabye akazi, gusaba ibisobanuro mu kazi, gutanga
ibisobanuro, gutanga amabwiriza n’ibindi. Tuvuge niba uwandika asaba akazi, iyo
ni yo mpamvu agaragaza ku rupapuro kandi ni yo avugaho muri make agaragaza
akazi ashaka ako ari ko, ubushobozi afite bwo kugakora n’uburyo azagakora, kandi
byose bikagirwa mu kinyabupfura. Nta gutandukira ngo agaragaze ko yababaye,
ko ubukene bumumereye nabi, ko arya rimwe mu cyumweru, ko yari afite akazi
bakakamwirukanaho ku maherere n’ibindi. Uwo wandikira usaba akazi ntakeneye
ko umurondogoraho cyangwa ko umutera imbabazi. Ibyo nta mwanya abifitiye,
icyo akeneye ni icyo ugamije kumukorera, ubushobozi ugifitemo, ibyangombwa
bibigaragaza. Bene iyi baruwa yandikwa ku rupapuro rw’umweru
IV. 3. 2. Imiterere y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi
Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi igizwe n’ibice binyuranye ari byo:
a) Aderesi:
Aderesi ni igice k’ingenzi kigaragaza uwanditse ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi. Hagaragaramo
amazina ye, aho atuye ndetse n’andi makuru yose yafasha uwo yandikiye kumenya
aho yamubariza aramutse amushatse: ashobora kongeramo nimero za terefoni
n’aderesi ye ya interineti. Iki gice gifata umwanya wo hejuru ibumoso ku rupapuro.
b) Itariki
Itariki ni ngombwa ko hagaragaramo ahantu ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi yandikiwe
n’umunsi iyo baruwa yandikiweho. Iki gice cyo kijya hejuru iburyo ahateganye
n’izina.
c) Uwandikiwe
Uwandikiwe ni igice kigaragara munsi y’itariki ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi yandikiweho.
Kiba kigaragaza uwo ibaruwa igenewe. Si izina rye bwite rigaragaramo ahubwo ni
izina rigaragaza umwanya afite mu kazi. Cyakora hashobora no kugaragazwa izina
iyo ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi igenewe umukozi runaka.
d) Impamvu
Mu ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi hagomba kugaragaramo impamvu yanditswe. Impamvu
y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi ishobora kuba: gusaba akazi, gusaba ibisobanuro, kohereza
raporo... Ijambo”impamvu” buri gihe ricibwaho akarongo. Iki gice kiba kiri munsi ya
aderesi kikabangikana n’umurongo wa nyuma wo mu gice kigaragaza uwo ibaruwa
y’ubutegetsi yandikiwe.
e) Igihimba
Igihimba ni ibaruwa nyirizina. Igihimba k’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi kigirwa n’ibika
bitatu:
- Intangiriro: Uwandika avuga muri make impamvu imuteye kwandika igirwa
n’igika kimwe kandi ikagaragaza icyo uwandika agamije. Iyo ari nk’ibaruwa
isaba akazi agaragazamo ko azi neza ko uwo mwanya uhari.
- Igihimba: Ni igice kigaragara nk’aho ari kirekire kurusha ibindi, kuko gishobora
no kugira ibika birenze kimwe bitewe n’ingingo zigize ubutumwa. Ni cyo gice
cyonyine gisobanura mu mugambo arambuye ibyavuzwe mu ntangiriro,
kikabisesengura, kikanakurikiranya ibitekerezo. Icyo gihe buri gika kiharira
ingingo yacyo, na none ukirinda gusubiramo ibyo wavuze.
- Umusozo: Uwandika ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi asoza ashimira uwo yandikiye.
Ni cyo gice kirangiza ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi kandi kigirwa n’igika kimwe.
Uwandika arangiza yerekana ikizere afitiye uwo yandikiye cyangwa se
icyubahiro amugomba.
f) Amazina n’umukono: Ni igice gisoza ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi kigizwe n’amazina
ndetse n’umukono wa nyiri ukuyandika.
Ikitonderwa: Bitewe n’imiterere yayo, ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi ishobora kugira ibindi
bice bikurikira:
Binyujijwe: Ni igice kigaragara mu ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi munsi y’aderesi
y’uwandikiwe. Gishyirwaho iyo hari abo iyo baruwa igomba gucaho mbere yo
kohererezwa uwayandikiwe.
Bimenyeshejwe: ni igice kijya mu mpera z’ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi ku ruhandew’ibumoso. Kijya mu ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi iba igomba kugira abandi bamenyeshwa
ibyanditswe
IV. 3. 3. Imbata y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi
Aderesi/Amazina n’aho Ahantu, itariki, ukwezi n’umwaka
uwanditse abarizwa
Umwanya w’icyubahiro w’
uwandikiwe n’ aho abarizwa
.
- Mu ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi hari amagambo yabugenewe agomba gutangira no
gusoza ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi. Ayo ni nka:
Nyakubawa/ Bwana/Madamu/Madamazera,
Mu gihe ngitegereje igisubizo cyanyu kiza, nyakubahwa, mbaye mbashimiye,
Mu gihe ntegerezanyije ikizere, mbaye mbashimiye,
Mbaye mbashimiye Nyakubahwa/ Bwana / Madamu/ Madamazera…
- Buri gika gitangirira mu cya kabiri cy’urupapuro mu mpagarike yarwo.
- Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi igomba kugira impamvu yayo yihariye bitewe n’igitumyeyandikwa bagaca akarongo ku ijambo “impamvu”
Imyitozo
1. Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi n’ ibaruwa
isanzwe? Niba rihari rivuge.
2. Andikira umuyobozi w’umurenge utuyemo ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi
umusaba ikemezo cy’amavuko kuko ugikeneye mu kuzuza ifishi
izaguhesha uburenganzira bwo gukora ikizamini cya Leta gisoza amashuriyisumbuye. Wubahirize imbata y’ibaruwa y’ ubutegetsi twabonye
IV.4. Umwandiko: Ese uri nde?
Nitwa:MUBERUKA Gaston
Data: KARIMANYI Joel
Mama: KABERA Marigueritte
Igihe navukiye: 2 Nzeri 1984
Aho navukiye: Intara ya Kumuhigo, Akarere ka Kagano, Umurenge wa Cyabayaga
Akagari ka Mwungu.
Aho ntuye: Intara ya Kumuhigo, Akarereka Burehe, Umurenge wa Mataba, Akagari
ka Gaseke.
Irangamimerere: Ndubatse, mfite abana baneTerefoni: 0788881111
E-mail: muberuka-gaston@yahoo.fr
Akarere ka Burehe, Umurenge wa Mataba, Akagari ka Gaseke.
Amashuri nize
- 2003-2007: Amashuri makuru: Kaminuza nkuru y’ u Rwanda Impamyabushobozi
y’ikiciro cya kabiri mu Ndimi n’Ubuvanganzo Nyafurika.
- 1989-1994: Amashuri yisumbuye muri Seminari ya Runaba Impamyabumenyi
y’amashuri yisumbuye mu ishami ry’Ikiratini n’indimi zivugwa.
- 1981-1988: Amashuri abanza mu Ishuri Ribanza rya Mataba. Ikemezo k’ikigo
cy’Amashuri Abanza cya Mataba.
Uburambe mu kazi
- 2011-2017: Umwarimu w’indimi muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishami rya Huye.
- 2008-2010: Umwarimu w’ Igiswayiri n’Ikinyarwanda mu Iseminari Nto ya
Runaba.
- 2003-2004: Umwarimu w’Igifaransa n’Ikinyarwanda mu ishuri ryigenga
APEDER Mataba.
- 2000-2003: Umwarimu w’Igifaransa n’Ikinyarwanda mu ishuri ryisumbuye
rya Gakurazo.
Ubundi bumenyi
- Nzi mudasobwa porogaramu ya “Word, Excel, Power Point, Access na
Publisher- Mfite uruhushya rwo gutwara imodoka kategori ya B, nkaba nzi no kuyitwara.
Ibyo nkunda
Nyuma y’akazi nkunda gusoma ibitabo. Nkunda umukino wo koga no gukina
umupira w’amaguru.
Abantu banzi:
UMUHIRE Jean: Umwarimu wange muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Tel: 0788..........
- Padiri KARAKE Samuel: Umukoresha wange igihe nigishaga muri Seninari Nto
ya Rubare Tel: 076................................
- HAKIZIMANA Paul: Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Indimi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda
aho nigisha ubu, Tel: 0789......................
Ngewe MUBERUKA Gaston ndemeza neza ko ibyo maze kuvuga ari ukuri kandi ko
bishobora kugenzurwa.
Bikorewe i Kagano, ku wa 25 Nyakanga 2017MUBERUKA Gaston
IV.4.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Ese uri nde?” ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe,
hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko wifashijeinkoranyamagambo.
Umwiitozo
Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro zawe bwite: mudasobwa, ishamiimpamyabushobozi, umukono
IV.4.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Ese uri nde” hanyuma usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Ni bande bavugwa mu mwandiko “Ese uri nde”?
2. MUBERUKA Gaston atuye he?
3. Ni ubuhe bumennyi Muberuka Gaston afite?
4. MUBERUKA Gaston akunda iki?5. MUHIRE Jean uvugwa mu mwandiko ni muntu ki?
IV.4.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko”Ese uri nde” hanyuma usubize ibibazo byo
gusesengura umwandiko..
1. Uyu mwandiko ni bwoko ki?
2. Amakuru ari muri iyi nyandiko akubiye mu bice bingahe by’ ingenzi?
3. Uwandika bene iyi nyandiko aba agamije iki?
4. Urabona iyi nyandiko ifite akahe kamaro?5. Ni nka nde wakenera bene iyi nyandiko?
IV.5. Inyandiko z’ubutegetsi: Umwirondoro
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Ese uri nde” kandi witegereze imiterere
yawo. Uhereye ku miterere y’uwo mwandiko n’ibiwugize, tahura inshozay’umwirondoro, ibiranga umwirondoro n’ibice byawo.
IV.5.1. Inshoza y’ umwirondoro
Umwirondoro ni inyandiko yereka umukoresha ishusho y’umukozi akeneye. Mu
buzima busanzwe ari na byo bimenyerewe cyane, umwirondoro ukunze gusabwa
n’umuntu wese ushaka gutanga akazi. Bityo mu byangombwa yaka ushaka
gupiganirwa uwo mwanya haba harimo n’umwirondoro we. Umwirondoro kandi
ushobora kuba ngombwa iyo umuntu asaba ishuri runaka ngo akomerezemoamasomo ye
IV.5.2. Ibiranga umwirondoro
Umwirondoro unoze ugomba kuba:
- Wanditse ku rupapuro rwiza nta n’amakosa y’ururimi arimo.
- Wuzuye kuko uwusaba akeneye amakuru yuzuye kugira ngo arusheho kumenya
nyiri umwirondoro niba hari ikiburamo ntibizamutere igihe agishakisha.
- Usomeka neza wanditswe mu nteruro ngufi.- Uvuga ukuri. Ukora umwirondoro ntagomba kugira icyo yibagirwa cyangwa
ngo ashyiremo ibidasobanutse cyangwa ibihimbano.
- Ugomba kuba ugenewe koko abo wandikiwe niba ari aho nyirawo asaba akazi
ugomba kuba ujyanye n’aho asaba akazi.
IV.5.3. Ibice bigize umwirondoro
Umwirondoro ntukorwa uko nyirawo yiboneye ugomba kuba ufite uburyo
buboneye ukorwamo, uko ibice biwugize bikurikirana kuko umwanya wabyo ubaufite icyo usobanura kuri uwo mwirondoro
Ibyo bice ni:
- Umutwe
- Ibiranga umuntu
- Amashuri
- Uburambe
- Ubundi bumenyi
- Indimi avuga
- Ibyo akunda
- Abantu bamuzi
- Kwemeza ko ari ukuri no gushyiraho umukono we.
1. Umutwe
Umutwe w’umwirondoro wandikwa hejuru ukitwa umwirondoro
2. Ibiranga umuntu
Irangamimerere ni igice gitangira umwirondoro, kikaba kigamije kugaragaza muri
make uwo ari we. Kigomba kuba cyumvikana kandi kirasa ku ntego.
Si ngombwa gushyiramo ibintu byinshi nubwo bwose waba ubona umwirondoro
ari muto. Mu irangamimerere umuntu avugamo amazina ye. Ni byiza kwandika
izina ry’umuryango mu nyuguti nkuru z’icyapa maze iry’idini rikajya mu nyuguti
nto, ariko ritangiwe n’ inyuguti nkuru.
Nyuma y’amazina hagaragazwa aho umuntu aherereye, ni ukuvuga aho atuye
(aha iyo afite agasanduku k’iposita ni byiza kugashyiraho). Aho umuntu atuye
hiyongeraho n’uburyo uwamushaka yamubonamo; umurongo wa terefoni na
aderesi ya interineti ku buryo uwabishaka yahita amwandikira. Ikindi kigomba kujya
mu irangamimerere ni imyaka umuntu afite. Aha ariko ntawandika umubare ibyiza
ni ugushyiraho umwaka yavukiye.Iyo yanditse amatariki, ukwezi ukwandika mu izina ryako
3. Amashuri
Iki gice kigaragaza aho nyiri umwirondoro ahagaze mu rwego rw’ubumenyi ni yo
mpamvu uwandika agomba guhera ku mpamyabumenyi nini afite. Mu kwandika
umwirondoro, amashuri ntatandukana n’impamyabumenyi. Ugaragaza amashuri
yize avuga umwaka, aho yigaga, ibyo yigaga n’impamyabumenyi yahakuye. Hari
igihe amashuri ajyana n’ibitabo umuntu aba yaranditse. Icyo gihe si ngombwa
kubishyiraho keretse iyo bigira icyo byongera ku kizere umuntu ashobora kugirirwa
n’abo ashyikiriza umwirondoro.
4. Uburambe
Uburambe mu kazi ni igice cyo kwitonderwa. Aha ni ho uwandika umwirondoro aba
agomba kwereka uwo yandikiye icyo azi gukora n’igihe amaze agikora. Iyo yakoze mu
myanya myinshi, ayishyiraho ahereye ku wa nyuma aherukaho agenda agaragaza
igihe yagiye ayimaraho. Hari igihe umuntu aba yarakoze iyimenyerezamwuga ni
ngombwa ko abishyiraho cyanecyane iyo ataramara
igihe kinini akora cyangwa se ari bwo bwa mbere yatse akazi. Ibyo bishobora
kumwongerera amahirwe imbere y’uwo aha umwirondoro.
5. Ubundi bumenyi
Kumenya ibintu byinshi nta cyo bitwaye kuko ibyo umuntu azi byose bishobora
kumugirira akamaro mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Iyo rero umuntu azi ubundi
bumenyi ntashidikanya kubigaragaza ku mwirondoro we cyanecyane iyo bifitanye
isano n’akazi asaba.
Urugero: Kuba azi mudasobwa, kuba afite uruhushya rwo gutwara ikinyabiziga...
6. Indimi
Hari igihe umwanya umuntu ashaka uba usaba kumenya indimi z’amahanga. Ni
ngombwa rero ko uwandika umwirondoro ashyiramo indimi zose azi.
Mu kazi ako ari ko kose kumenya indimi z’amahanga byongerera amahirwe ugasaba.
Ukora umwirondoro agaragaza urwego aziho urwo rurimi atabeshya (nduzi neza
cyane, nduzi neza, nduzi bihagije, biciriritse) kuko kubeshya byamugiraho ingaruka
mu gihe k’ikizamini k’ibiganiro.
7. Ibyo akunda
Umuntu ntabaho akora akazi ashinzwe gusa. Na nyuma y’akazi ubuzima burakomeza.
Ibyo umuntu akunda rero biza nyuma y’akazi. Bigizwe n’ibyo umuntu akora kandi
bimushimisha. Ariko na none ukora umwirondoro ntiyiyibagize ko ibimushimisha
bishobora kumubera imbogamizi yo kutabona umwanya yifuza. Nk’urugero niba
ari umuntu ukunda kumva indirimbo kuri radiyo, bikaba byerekana ko ari umuntu
ukunze kuba ari wenyine ko kubana n’abandi byamugora, mu gihe umuntu ukunda
gukina umupira aba agaragaza ko abana n’abandi neza ko no mu kazi byagenda
bityo.
8. Abantu bamuzi cyangwa abahamya
Iyi ngingo y’abantu bazi nyiri umwirondoro si ngombwa buri gihe. Ariko hari
ababisaba mu mwirondoro bikaba ngombwa ko ijyamo. Abantu bakunze gukenerwa
si abaturanyi bawe cyangwa se bene wanyu bakomeye. Abazi umuntu baba
bakenewe ni abarimu bamwigishije cyangwa abakoresha bamukoresheje kuko
ukeneye umwirondoro wawe aba ashobora kubabaza ku bijyanye n’ubumenyi ufite
cyangwa se ubushobozi n’imyitwarire byawe mu kazi.
9. Kwemeza ko ibyo uvuze ari ukuri no gushyiraho umukono
Iki ni cyo gice gisoza umwirondoro. Nyiri ukuwandika agomba gusoza yemeza ko
amakuru yatanze ari ukuri ko anashobora kugenzurwa. Hanyuma agashyiraho itariki
n’umukono we.
Ibi ni byo by’ingenzi biba bikubiye mu mwirondoro. Cyakora ntibibujijwe ko hari
andi makuru yakongerwamo igihe nyiri ukwandika abona ko hari amahirwe
yamwongerera kugira ngo abone akazi yasabaga.
Umwitozo
Ubu urangije mu mwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye. Andikaumwirondoro wawe ukurikije ingingo twabonye zigize umwirondoro.
IV.6. Amatangazo
Igikorwa
Mu mwandiko “Kagabo na Kariza mu nama y’akagari”, harimo itangazo
umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’ akagari yasomeye abaturage mu
nama. Soma iryo tangazo maze utahure ubwoko bwaryo ukurikije ubutumwa
buririmo. Kora ubushakashatsi utahure inshoza n’uturango tw’itangazo kandi
utahure ubundi bwoko bw’amatangazo.
1. Inshoza y’itangazo
Itangazo ni inzira cyangwa uburyo ukoresha igihe cyose ufite icyo ushaka kugeza
ku bandi ukibamenyesha ugicishije mu itangazo.Urugero nk’ iyo banki zambuwe
cyangwa se ibindi bigo biciriritse by’imari bihemukiwe na ba bihemu bakambura
inguzanyo hatangazwa amatangazo, aba ba bihemu bagashyikirizwa inkiko
batsindwa ibyabo bigatezwa cyamunara. Iyo hari imitungo izagurishwa abahesha
b’inkiko b’umwuga batanga amatangazo bahamagarira abaturage kuzaza kwigurira.
Bibaho kandi ko iyo umuryango watakaje umuntu atambutsa itangazo mu
bitangazamakuru cyangwa kuri radiyo bahamagarira abantu gutabara umuryango
wagize ibyago.
Itangazo rero ni inyandiko irimo ubutumwa bamanika ahantu, buca mu kinyamakuru
cyangwa kuri radiyo kugira ngo bumenyekane hagamijwe kwamamaza, kurangishacyangwa kumenyesha.
2. Uturango tw’itangazo
Mu itangazo hagomba kubonekamo ibi bikurikira:
- Umutwe w’itangazo.
- Utanze itangazo.
- Uwo rigenewe.
- Ahantu igikorwa rimenyesha kiri, cyabereye cyangwa kizabera.
- Itariki igikorwa rimenyesha cyabereyeho cyangwa kizabera.
3. Ubwoko bw’amatangazo
Amatangazo arimo amoko anyuranye: amatangazo yo kubika, amatangazo yo
kumenyesha, amatagazo yo kwamamaza, amatangazo yo kurangisha n’ubutumire.
a) Amatangazo yo kubika
Amatangazo yo kubika ni amatangazo atabaza agamije kumenyesha abantu ko hari
umuntu witabye Imana akanavuga igihe azashyingurirwa.
Urugero:
Itangazo
Umuryango wa Mporanyi Claudien ubarizwa mu Murenge wa Gashwi uramenyesha
inshuti n’ abavandimwe ko umubyeyi wabo Kanamugire Roger wari urwariye mu
bitaro bikuru bya Kinihira yitabye Imana none Ku wa gatatu tariki ya 23/5/2017.
Bimenyeshejwe inshuti n’ abavandimwe batuye mu murenge wa Gishamvu,
abakirisitu basengana na nyakwigendera muri paruwasi ya Mukingo n’ abo
bakoranaga ku bitaro bya Munini. Itariki yo gushyingura ni Ku wa gatandatu tariki
ya 26/5/2017. Inshuti n’ abavandimwe bihutire gutabara
Bikorewe Gashwi ku wa 23/05/2017
b) Amatangazo yo kumenyeshaItangazo ryo kumenyeshaAmatangazo yo kumenyesha ni amatangazo amenyesha abayumva amakuru
atandukanye nk’inama, akazi, isoko ry’ibintu, cyamunara...
Urugero:
Mu rwego rwo kwizihiza icyumweru cyahariwe ubuzima kizatangira ku wa 12 kugeza
ku wa 15/8 ,Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Gasenyi bunejejwe no kumenyesha
abaturage bose bo mu Murenge wa Gasenyi ko batumiwe mu gikorwa cyo
kwipimisha ku bushake indwara ya Sida kizabera mu busitani bw’ uwo umurenge. Iki
gikorwa cyateguwe ku bufatanye bwa Minisiteri y’ ubuzima n’ umuryango utabara
imbabare Croix-rouge. Muri ki cyumweru cyahariwe ubuzima, iki gikorwa kizajya
gitangira saa mbiri z’ igitondo gisoze saa kumi n’ imwe z’umugoroba. Abaturage
basabwe kwitabira kuko burya amagara araseseka ntayorwa.
Bikorewe i Gitaha ku wa 6/08/2015
Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Gasenyi.
c) Amatangazo yo kwamamaza
Amatangazo yo kwamamaza ni amatangazo atangwa agamije kwamamaza
ibikorwa by’umuntu ku giti ke, by’ishyirahamwe, by’inganda, amashuri, kugira ngo
bimenyekane bibone ababigana mu buryo bwo kubiteza imbere.
Urugero:
Itangazo ryo kwamamaza
Uruganda rukora amasabune ruherereye mu cyanya k’ inganda i Masoro
ruramenyesha abantu bose ko rubafitiye amasabune ya “Urakeye” y’ ubwoko
bwose: ay’ amazi, ay’ ifu n’ ay’ imiti ku ngano yose wakwifuza. Ayo masabune
murayasanga mu masoko hose , mu maduka no ku ruganda . Ushaka kurangura
cyangwa utwara byinshi turagutwaza tukakugeza iwawe.
Gana uruganda rw’ amasabune“Urakeye” uce ukubiri n’ umwanda.
d) Amatangazo yo kurangisha
Amatangazo yo kurangisha ni amatangazo atangwa igihe umuntu yatakaje ikintu,
yabuze umuntu kugira ngo ababimuboneye babimuhe cyangwa yatoye ibintu kugira
ngo nyirabyo abashe kubibona.
Urugero:Itangazo ryo kurangisha
Nzirorera Jemus utuye mu murenge wa Kinyoni ararangisha ibyangombwa
bye yabuze ku wa mbere tariki ya 01/11/2015, saa tatu za mu gitondo (09h00).
Ibyo byangobwa byaburiye mu mu muhanda Kigali- Butare. Bikaba ari ikarita
ndangamuntu, uruhushya rwo gutwara imoboka n’uruhushya rwo kujya mu
mahanga. Uwabibona yabimugereza ku buyobozi bw’ umurenge wa Kinyoni
cyangwa agahamagara kuri izi numero za telefoni 078.......akazahabwa ibihembo
bishimishije.
Bikorewe Kinyoni ku wa 2/11/2015
e) Amatangazo atumira/ubutumire
Ubutumire ni inyandiko ngufi itumira umuntu cyangwa abantu kwitabira umunsi
mukuru runaka. Bene izi nyandiko twazigereranya n’amabaruwa y’ubucuti nubwo
zo zidakurikiza imiterere y’ayo mabaruwa. Ubutumire bukoreshwa mu minsi
mikuru inyuranye nko gushyingirwa, kubatirisha, kwizihiza isabukuru runaka,
gutaha igikorwa runaka, gusangira ku meza, kwishimira kugera ku gikorwa runaka
nko gufata impamyabumenyi...
Ubutumire burangwa n’imiterere yabwo yo kuba hagaragaramo ibintu by’ingenzi
bikurikira:
- Umutwe w’ubutumire
- Amazina y’utumira,
- Utumirwa,
- Igikorwa umutumiramo,
- Aho igikorwa kizabera.- Umunsi n’isaha kizaberaho
Urugero
Imyitozo
1. Andika amatangazo akurikira wubahiriza imiterere yayo:
- Itangazo ryo kubika
- Itangazo ryo kumenyesha
2. Ishyire mu kigwi cy’umuyobozi w’ishuri ryisumbuye wigamo, wandike
ubutumire bw’umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuribarangiza no kwizihiza isabukuru y’ imyaka 25 ikigo kimaze gishinzwe
IV.7. Imyitozo y’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
Ubu nshobora:
- Gusesengura umuvugo cyangwa umwandiko usanzwe ngaragaza
ingingo z’ingenzi ziwukubiyemo.
- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo nungutse.
- Gusobanura ingingo zisobanura imiyoborere myiza.
- Gusesengura no kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi.
- Gusesengura no gukora umwirondoro wange.
- Kwandika amatangazo anyuranye.
Ubu ndangwa no:
Kubahiriza no gushishikariza abandi gahunda za Leta nshimangira
imiyoborere myiza, harimo kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro, kwakira nezaabatugana, gutanga serivisi nziza…
IV. 8. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kane
Umwandiko: Ikiganiro ku miyoborere myiza
Ba nyakubahwa bayobozi b’imirenge muteraniye hano mugire amahoro!
Mbere na mbere mbanje kubashimira ubwitabire bwanyu muri iyi nama. Tudatinze
rero, nk’uko mwabisomye mu butumire mwahawe, uyu munsi turagirana ikiganiro
n’umuyobozi waturutse muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, ushinzwe
imiyoborere myiza. Hashize igihe havugwa ko muri aka Karere hari abayobozi
batakira neza abo bashinzwe kuyobora ni yo mpamvu twatumiye uyu muyobozi ngo
abagezeho ikiganiro ku miyoborere myiza. Ntabatindiye rero reka muhe umwanya
atuganirize.Nyakubahwa Muyobozi umwanya ni uwanyu.
Nyakubahwa Muyobozi w’Akarere ka Runoni,
Ba nyakubahwa bayobozi b’imirenge inyuranye,Nimugire amahoro!
Nasabwe kubagezaho ikiganiro ku miyoborere myiza. Ariko iyo tuvuze imiyoborere
myiza twumva ibintu byinshi. Uyu munsi turaganira ku miyoborere myiza muri
rusange twibande ku buryo bwo kwakira neza abatugana, kugira ngo twitwe ba
Rugwirorusa mu mikorere yacu ya buri munsi.
Imiyoborere myiza ni iteme abayoborwa n’abayobozi bahuriraho bagafatana
urunana bagakemurira hamwe ibibazo bihari. Bibaye na ngombwa kuri iryo teme
bahashinga intebe bakiga kuri gahunda ziteza imbere Igihugu n’isi muri rusange.
Imiyoborere myiza ni uburyo buboneye bwo guhuza abayobozi n’abayoborwa, buri
wese akagira kandi akamenya uburenganzira bwe n’inshingano ze. Imiyoborere
myiza ni iyimakaza ubuyobozi bwiza, ukuzuzanya mu bitekerezo kw’abayobora
n’abayoborwa hagamije iterambere ry’Igihugu.
Igihe cyose umuturage atazaba afite uburenganzira bwo kwishyiriraho abayobozi
binyuze mu matora no kugira uruhare mu kubakuraho igihe batujuje inshingano zabo,
nta miyoborere myiza izaba irangwa mu Gihugu cyangwa mu gace runaka kacyo.
Imiyoborere myiza igira amahame igenderaho. Ingero ni nyinshi. Muri rusange,
guha abaturage uruhare mu buyobozi, gukorera mu mucyo, kumenyekanisha no
kwisobanura ku byo ushinzwe gukora, kugira ubuyobozi buri wese yibonamo,
kubaha igitekerezo cy’undi, guharanira ubwigenge mu bwuzuzanye hagati y’inzego
z’ubuyobozi, kumenya kugira abandi inama kimwe no kutabogama, ukita ku nyungu
rusange byinjira mu mahame y’ingenzi y’imiyoborere myiza.
Mu miyoborere myiza hagomba kubonekamo gutanga ikaze. Ntibikwiye ko
umuturage uje abagana aza yikandagira atazi niba muri bumwakire. Iyo bigenze bityo
buri gihe ahora abunza imitima yumva ko abayobozi bose ari bamwe. Umuyobozi
ubwira nabi abamushyize ku ntebe yaba ameze nka wa wundi utema ishami
ry’igiti yicayeho. Umuyobozi mwiza yakira abaje bamugana bagahuza ibitekerezo,
ahakenewe gukoreshwa amategeko agakoreshwa, uhanwa agahanwa, ukeneye
kungwa mu bahanganye bigakorwa nta ruhande ubuyobozi bubogamiyemo.
Ibiranga imiyoborere myiza ni byinshi. Imiyoborere myiza igomba gushingira ku
mahame ya demukarasi. Abahanga basobanura ko demukarasi ari ubutegetsi
bwa rubanda, butangwa n’abaturage, bukorera abaturage kandi bugakurwaho
n’abaturage. Ibi bisobanura ko ubuyobozi mufite ari indagizo mugomba gufata
neza, mugahora mwiteguye, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kuyimurikira rubanda
rwayibaragije imeze neza, ishimishije. Ni yo mpamvu abayobozi batashoboye
kurangiza neza inshingano baragijwe, rubanda rubakuraho ikizere bagasimbuzwa
abandi babishoboye.
Igihe abaturage bazaba bafite uburenganzira bwo kubashyiraho kugira ngo
mubahagararire mu nzego zinyuranye z’ubuyobozi babinyujije mu matora, bafite
uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana imikorere yanyu, ndetse bafite uburenganzira bwo
kubagira inama no gushobora kubakuraho cyangwa kubasimbura igihe bigaragaye
ko mutashoboye kuzuza inshingano zanyu. Umuyobozi agomba kwakira neza
abaturage, akabatega amatwi yicishije bugufi, agakemura ibibazo atabogamye
agakurikiza amategeko. Iyo umuyobozi abigenje atyo usanga yubahwa kandi agace
aherereyemo kagatera imbere. Igihugu gifite abayobozi nk’abo gitera imbere.
Nyakubahwa Muyobozi w’akarere,
Ba nyakubahwa bayobozi muteraniye hano, kirazira ko umuyobozi yicara mu biro
ngo avugire kuri terefone ibijyanye n’inyungu ze bwite abaturage bamutegereje ku
muryango. Ntibikwiye ko muca ku baturage baje babagana mutababajije ikibagenza
ngo mubakemurire ibibazo. Birashoboka ko yenda bamwe muri mwe musohoka mu
biro mugaca ku baturage babategerereje hanze mutabasuhuje mukinjira mu modoka
zanyu mukagenda. Umuyobozi nk’uwo ntazi kwakira abamugana. Niba muri mwe
harimo umuyobozi nk’uwo ndamumenyesha ko yahinduka akareka kubangamira
uwo muco w’amahoro, akareka kudusebya dore ko burya ngo umukobwa aba
umwe agatukisha bose. Mu kwakira ababagana mugomba kurangwa n’amagambo
nka “muraho, murakaza neza murisanga, tubafashe iki? N’ayandi nk’ayo.”Murakoze, murakarama.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Uyu mwandiko ni bwoko ki? Ugamije iki?
2. Garagaza uko uyoboye ikiganiro asobanura imiyoborere myiza muri rusange?
3. Ni ibiki tubwirwa mu mwandiko biranga umuyobozi mwiza?
4. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
5. Rondora izini mvugo waba uzi zikoreshwa mu kwakira neza abakugana.
6. Ni iki wungukiye muri iki kiganiro mbwirwaruhame?
II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Tanga ibisobanuro by’ amagambo akurikira ari mu mwandiko:
a) Ubwitabire:
b) Ba Rugwirorusa:
c) Aza yikandagira:
d) Kubunza imitima:
e) Abamushyize ku ntebe:
2. Soma buri jambo rivuye mu mwandiko hanyuma urihuze n’ igisobanurocyaryo ukoresheje akambi.
3. Sobanura icyo iyi mvugo ishaka kuvuga: umukobwa aba umwe agatukisha
bose
VI. Ibibazo ku ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi, ku mwirondoro no ku matangazo
1. Ushingiye ku ishami wize, andike ibaruwa isaba akazi kajyanye n’ibyo wize.
Ku mugereka w’ibaruwa wanditse, ushyireho umwirondoro wawe.
2. Ishyire mu mwanya w’umubyeyi, maze wandikire inshuti yawe uyitumira mu
bukwe bw’ umwana wawe ugiye gushyingirwa.
3. Andika itangazo rirangisha ibyangombwa byawe byabuze harimo
irangamuntu, uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga n’ ubwishingizi
bw’ubuzima. Urikore ku buryo bizakugeraho neza wubahiriza uturangotwose tw’itangazo.