General
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UMUTWE WA GATANU:GUKUNDA IGIHUGU
Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
- Gusesengura umwandiko uvuga ku ngingo yo gukunda Igihugu
agaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi zirimo.
- Gusesengura no gukoresha neza mu mvugo no mu nyandiko
ibinyazina mbanziriza, ndafutura, mbaza, nyamubaro,
mboneranteko n’ikinyazina mpamagazi.
Igikorwa cy’umwinjizoNi ibihe bikorwa wakora bigaragaza ko ukunda Igihugu?
V.1. Umwandiko: Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere
Mu minsi ishize, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Bwiza yasuye abaturage
b’Umurenge wa Rebero, ngo arebe aho bageze bashyira mu bikorwa
gahunda za Leta zirimo umuganda, ubudehe, kubungabunga ibikorwa
remezo n’ibindi.
Ageze mu Murenge wa Rebero, yasanze abaturage bakataje mu bikorwa
byo kwiteza imbere. Ibyo bamaze kugeraho bishamaje. Hamwe yakiriwe
n’uruyange rw’ibishyimbo bya mushingiriro, ahandi ibirayi by’imishishe
bihinze mu mirima migari kubera guhuza ubutaka. Ahandi yahasanze
ibikorwa by’amakoperative y’ubworozi bw’inka za kijyambere n’andi
matungo ndetse n’ubuhinzi bw’imboga n’imbuto zinyuranye, nk’amashu,
karoti, inanasi, amapapayi n’ibindi.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere yiboneye uburyo ibikorwa by’umuganda bimaze
gushinga imizi no kugeza abaturage ba Rebero ku bukungu n’imibereho
myiza. Imihanda y’imigenderano yakwiriye mu midugudu yose.
Abaturage bagize uruhare rufatika mu guhanga imihanda ibafasha
kugenderana no kugeza umusaruro wabo ku masoko ntakomyi. Bacukuye
kandi ibirometero by’imiyoboro y’amazi meza n’amaterasi y’indinganire
mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri. Yasanze barateye amashyamba kandi
bayafata neza. Bubatse ibyumba bihagije by’amashuri, bubaka
amavuriro, amasoko, bubakira abatishoboye n’ibindi.
Ku byerekeye ubudehe, Umuyobozi w’Akarere yasanze iyo gahunda
imaze kubageza ku ntambwe ishimishije kuko benshi muri bo yabakuye
mu bukene ku buryo bugaragara. Nk’uko bizwi, ubudehe ni imwe muri
gahunda za Leta y’u Rwanda igamije kurwanya ubukene bishingiye ku
ihame ry’ibikorwa umuturage afitemo ijambo.
Byagaragaye kandi ko buri muntu wese yitabira ibindi bikorwa byo
gukunda Igihugu birimo kwicungira umutekano, gutanga imisoro
isabwa, gutanga ubwisungane mu kwivuza … Ibi bikaba byihutisha
iterambere ry’Igihugu cyacu cyanecyane ko bikorwa mu bwisanzure
nta gahato kabayeho, ahubwo buri wese ahabwa umwanya wo gutanga
ibitekerezo ku ngamba zo guteza imbere Igihugu.
Uwo muyobozi yasoje ashimangira ko gahunda y’umuganda n’ubudehe
bifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere Umunyarwanda. Ko ari
ngombwa gukomeza kwitabira izo gahunda nta kuzuyaza, nta kwiganda,
kujandajanda cyangwa kwirozonga kuko ari twe bifitiye akamaro.
Anabibutsa ko u Rwanda ari urwacu tugomba kurwubaka nta we
dusiganya kuko “Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise.”
5.1.1.Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, ushakemo
amagambo udasobanukiwe neza hanyuma uyasobanure wifashishijeinkoranyamagambo.
Imyitozo
1. Huza ijambo riri mu rushya A n’igisobanuro cyaryo kiri mu ruhusaB ukoresheje akambi.
2. Simbuza amagambo atsindagiye ayo bihuje inyito ukuye mu
mwandiko.
a) Aho nanyuze hose nasanze ibishyimbo ari ururabo.
b) Ingano zo muri Rebero ziratoshye kubera ifumbire.
3. Ubaka interuro iboneye ukoresheje amagambo akurikira:
ubudehe, gushinga imizi.
5.1.2. Gusoma no Kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, usubize
ibibazo byawubajijweho.
1. Umuyobozi w’ Akarere ka Bwiza asura abaturage b’Umurenge wa
Rebero yari agamije iki?
2. Tanga ingero zavuzwe mu mwandiko zerekana ko abaturage bo mu
murenge wa Bwiza bamaze gutera imbere mu myumvire.
3. Vuga akamaro k’umuganda kavugwa mu mwandiko.
4. Sobanura uburyo ibikorwa by’umuganda n’ubudehe byagize uruhare
mu kurwanya isuri mu murenge wa Bwiza.
5. Uretse umuganda n’ubudehe ni ibihe bikorwa bindi bigaragaza
gukunda igihugu byavuzwe mu mwandiko?
6. Ni iki Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Bwiza yashoje ashishikariza
abaturage?
5.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, usubize
ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko rusange umwandiko wubakiyeho
2. Shaka ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereke zigaragara mu mwandiko
wasomye.
3. Gereranya ibikorwa by’ubudehe mu Rwanda rwo hambere n’ubu.
4. Uyu mwandiko urateza imbere izihe indangagaciro?
5.1.4. Kungurana ibitekerezo
Igikorwa
Ungurana na bagenzi bawe ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko ikurikira:
Akamaro k’Umuganda n’Ubudehe mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.
V.2. AMAGAMBO AHINDUKA : IBINYAZINA
Igikorwa
Soma interuro zikurikira, witegereze amagambo y’umukara tsiri,
usobanure imiterere yayo. Uhereye ku miterere yayo, kora ubushakashatsi
utahure ubwoko bw’ibinyazina buri muri izo nteruro hanyuma utange
inshoza, uturango n’intego bya buri bwoko.
- Ni ikizira ko umushyitsi mukuru agira uwô asanga ataragera mu
muganda.
- Buri wese ufite icyô avuga asaba ijambo.
- Ahandi nahasanze hateye ibirayi.
- Ibindi bikorwa by’umuganda bizabungabungwa.
- Ibikorwa remezo biriyongera byikuba inshuro eshanu maze hubakwa
ibyumba by’amashuri bitandatu, amasoko ane n’amavuriro abiri.
- Ni izihe ngamba zafatwa mu guteza imbere Igihugu cyacu?
- Umuyobozi w’Akarere kanyu yabasuye inshuro zingahe?
- Wafashe uwuhe mugambi wo kurwanya ubukene?
- Ahwiii! Cya mahuma cyari kindiye!
- Za dodo ni imboga ziryoha.
- Yewe wa mugabo we? Ese wowe nta cyo ibikorwa by’umuganda
bikubwiye?
- Ese ibyo bishoboka bite mwa bagabo mwe ko mutitabira ibikorwa
rusage?
5.2.1. Ikinyazina mbanziriza
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mbanziriza
Ikinyazina mbanziriza ni ikinyazina gisimbura ijambo ribanjirijwe
n’inshinga, ari na yo mpamvu kitwa “mbanziriza”. Iki kinyazina gisa
n’ikinyazina nyereka gifite igicumbi-o bigatandukanywa n’uko igicumbi
cyacyo gihorana isaku nyejuru (-ô) mu gihe ikinyazina nyereka cyo
gihorana isaku nyesi (-o). Ikinyazina nyereka kandi cyo akenshi
giherekeza izina.
Ingero:
- Uwô nkunda ararwaye.
- Mwibuke ko ibyô twavugiye mu nama bikwiye kubahirizwa.
- Abô mwatahiye ubukwe barakeye.
- Ahô twakoze umuganda hatunganye.
b)Intego y’ikinyazina mbanziriza
Intego y’ikinyazina mbanziriza igizwe n’uturemajambo dutatu ari two
indomo, indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (D+Rkzn+C).
c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina mbanziriza n’intego yacyo munteko zose.
5.2.2. Ikinyazina ndafutura (ndasigura)
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina ndafutura
Ikinyazina ndafutura ni ijambo rijyana n’izina ntirisobanure ku buryo
bwumvikana neza uvugwa, abavugwa, ikivugwa cyangwa ibivugwa ari
na ho cyavanye izina ryacyo ryo kwitwa ndafutura cyangwa ndasigura.
Ikinyazina ndafutura kirimo ikigufi n’ikirekire. Ikinyazina ndafutura
kigufi nta ndomo kigira naho ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire kigira
indomo.
b) Intego y’ikinyazina ndafutura
Intego rusange y’ikinyazina ndafutura kigufi ni indangakinyazina
n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C). Mu gihe ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire cyo intego
yacyo ari indomo, indangakinyazina n’igicumbi. (D)-Rkzn-C
- Ikinyazina ndafutura kigufi: Rkzn-C
Ingero:
- Undi muntu: u- ndi
- Indi misozi: i- ndi
- Andi mata: a- ndi
- Ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire: D-Rkzn-C
Ingero:
- Uwundi mugabo: u-wu-ndi
- Abandi bana: a-ba-ndi
- Iyindi mirima: i-yi-ndi
Ikitonderwa
- Ikinyazina ndafutura gishobora kwisubiramo. Icyo gihe
indangakinyazina na yo yisubiramo.
Ingero:
- Yigize undiwundi: u-ndi-Φ-wu-ndi
- Ayandiyandi: a-ya-ndi-Φ-ya-ndi
- Ikinyazina ndafutura gishobora kubanziriza izina cyangwa
kikarikurikira.
Ingero:
Undi munyeshuri araje.
Umunyeshuri wundi araje.c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina ndafutura
5.2.3. Ikinyazina kibaza
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina kibaza
Ikinyazina kibaza ni ijambo rigaragira izina, ririherekeza, riribanziriza
cyangwa rikarisimbura ; kikaba kibumbatiye ingingo yo gushaka
kumenya ibisobanuro, inkomoko, ingano, akarere izina ririmo.Ikinyazina
kibaza gishobora kugira indomo cyangwa ntikiyigire. Ikinyazina kibaza
kigira ibicumbi bitatu: -he? –ngahe? na –e?
- Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –he?
Kijyana n’izina cyangwa inshinga kikaribanziriza cyangwa kikarisimbura
kandi kikaribazaho ikintu. Kibaza kidasobanuza neza kandi gikunda
kukorana n’indomo.
Ingero:
- Ni izihe ngamba zikwiye gufatwa?
- Ni ngamba zihe zikwiye gufatwa?
- Ni izihe zindi zafatwa?
- Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –ngahe?
Kibaza ibisobanuro bijyanye n’ingano y’umubare w’abantu cyangwa
ibintu. Gikorana n’inteko z’ubwinshi gusa uretse mu nteko ya 12.
Ingero:
Mwakoze inama zingahe?
- Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –e?
Gikorana n’inteko ya 16 no mu nteko z’indangahantu: inteko ya
17,18,19..
Ingero:
- Kamana atuye he?
- Isoko ryanyu ryubatse he?
b)Intego y’ikinyazina kibaza
Intego y’ikinyazina kibaza ni Rkzn-C. Gishobora gufata indomo iyo
kibanjirije izina cyangwa cyarisimbuye: D-Rkzn-C.Ingero:
Ikitonderwa:
Mu Kinyarwanda, hari andi magambo yitwara nk’ikinyazina kibaza
kuko yifitemo inyito yo kubaza. Ayo ni nka: ki?, nde?, ese?, ryari?,
mbese? Ayo magambo si ibinyazina mbaza ahubwo yitwa amagamboabaza kuko atisanisha n’amazina bijyanye
Ingero:
- Uyu ni muntu ki?
- Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yatangiye ryari?
- Ese (mbese) urahari?c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina kibaza
5.2.4. Ikinyazina nyamubaro
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina nyamubaro
- Ikinyazina nyamubaro ni ijambo riherekeza izina cyangwa
rikarisimbura, kikaba kibumbatiye ingingo y’umubare.
Kigabanyijemo amatsinda arindwi; kuva ku mubare rimwe kugeza
kuri karindwi.
Ingero:
- Umwana umwe yagiye
- Abana babiri bagiye
b)Intego y’ikinyazina nyamubaro
- Ikinyazina nyamubaro kigira uturemajambo tubiri gusa:
indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C).
- Indangakinyazina y’ikinyazina nyamubaro ni nk’iz’ibindi
binyazina uretse mu nteko ya cumi aho “zi-” ihinduka “e-”.
- Ibicumbi by’ikinyazina nyamubaro ni birindwi: - mwe, - biri, - tatu,
- ne, - tanu, - tandatu, - rindwi.
Ikitonderwa
- Mu nteko ya cumi, ibicumbi biba : - byiri, - shatu, - nye, - shanu,
- sheshatu na –(ri)ndwi.
- Imibare y’inyuma ya karindwi ni amazina si ibinyazina nyamubaro.
Bayita amazina nyamubaro kuko aba afite uturango tumwe
n’utw’izina ari two indomo, indanganteko n’igicumbi.
- Ikinyazina nyamubaro gikurikiye izina ribara kuva ku icumi,
gisanishwa n’ijambo rivuga ibibarwa ari na ryo rifatwa nk’ikinyazina
nyamubaro.
Ingero :
- Abana cumi na batatu (batatu ni ikinyazina nyamubaro).
- Ibiti ijana na birindwi (birindwi ni ikinyazina nyamubaro).
- Ikinyazina nyamubaro gishobora kandi kwisubiramo. Icyo
gihe n’uturemajambo twacyo twisubiramo.
Ingero:
- Hinjire umwumwe: u - mwe – u - mwe e→Φ/-J
- Muzane eshateshatu: e - shatu – e - shatu u→Φ/-J
- Ikinyazina nyamubaro gishobora gusimbura izina kigafata indomo
bityo kigakora nk’izina.
Ingero:
- Ababiri baruta umwe: a-ba-biri
- Ubutatu butagatifu: u-bu-tatuc) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina nyamubaro
Ikitonderwa
Mu Kinyarawanda ntibavuga umuntu wa “rimwe” ahubwo bavuga
umuntu wa “mbere” kigahita kiba ikinyazina nyamubaro ngerekero.
Kigaragazwa n’urwunge rw’ikinyazina ngenera +izina ry’umubarwa,
uretse ko “mbere” yo atari umubarwa.
Ingero:
- Umuntu wa mbere
- Umuntu wa kabiri
- Umuntu wa gatatu
- Umuntu wa kane
- Umuntu wa gatanu
- Umuntu wa gatandatu
- Umuntu wa karindwi
5.2.5. Ikinyazina mboneranteko (ndanganteko)
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mboneranteko
Ikinyazina mboneranteko ni ijambo rigaragaza kandi rigaha inteko
amagambo/amazina bijyanye adahinduka. Kerekana ubwinshi bwayo,
gitubya, gitubura, gikuza... Icyo kinyazina kiza buri gihe imbere y’izina
giherekeje. Kiboneka mu nteko zimwe na zimwe ari zo nt. 2;7;8;10;11;12;13
na 14.
Iki kinyazina gikora imbere y’amazina bwite cyangwa amazina rusange
adafite indomo n’indangazina.
b)Intego y’ikinyazina mboneranteko
Ikinyazina mboneranteko/ndanganteko kigira uturemajambo tubiri ari
two indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C).
Igicumbi k’ikinyazina mboneranteko ni kimwe gusa –a gihorana
ubutinde.
Ingero:
- Ba data: ba-a a→Φ/-J
- za rwarikamavubi: zi-a i→ Φ /-J
- Ba mama: ba-a a→ Φ /-J
- Ba Kangabe: ba-a a→ Φ /-J
Indangakinyazina yacyo iboneka bitewe n’inteko kirimo.
Ingero:
- Twa Muhoza tuzaza ryari kudusura? twa: tu-a u→w/-J nt. 13
- Ba Rukundo baragukumbuye cyane. ba: ba-a a→Φ/-J nt. 2
- Za ruhogo ziracyuwe. za: zi-a i→Φ/ -J nt. 1c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina mboneranteko
5.2.6. Ikinyazina mpamagazi
a)Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mpamagazi
- Ikinyazina mpamagazi ni ikinyazina gituma igihamagarwa cyumva
ko bashaka ko kiza cyangwa gitega amatwi ngo bakibwire.
- Kibanziriza izina ry’igihamagawe ndetse rigata indomo iyo riyifite.
- Iryo zina kandi rikurikirwa buri gihe n’ikinyazina ngenga gifite
igicumbi –e kandi gifite isaku nyesi, bityo kikagira inyito itsindagiriza.
- Ikinyazina mpamagazi kiba muri ngenga ya kabiri gusa. Gifata
ubumwe cyangwa ubwinshi bitewe n’ijambo gisobanura.
Ingero:
- Wa mwana we, watashye ko bwije!
- Mwa banyeshuri mwe, ntimugasibe ishuri.
b)Intego y’ikinyazina mpamagazi
Intego y’ikinyazina mpamagazi iteye itya: indangakinyazina
n’igicumbi(RKZ-C)
Ingero:
- Yewe wa mwana we ugira isuku! wa: u-a u → w/ - J ng. 2 bu
- Mwa baturage mwe muge mwitabira umuganda. mwa:
mu-a u → w/ - J ng. 2 bw
Ikitonderwa:
Akenshi na kenshi, ikinyazina mpamagazi kikabanzirizwa n’akajambo
“yewe” cyangwa “yemwe” gahamagara.
Ingero:
- Yewe wa mwana we, urajya he?
- Yemwe mwa bagabo mwe ko mwasibye inama?
Imyitozo
1. Ubaka interuro ebyiri kuri buri kinyazina wize muri uyu mutwe.
Garagaza icyo kinyazina ugicaho akarongo.
2. Tahura ibinyazina biri mu nteruro zikurikira, uvuge ubwoko
bwabyo nurangiza ubishakire intego kandi ugaragaze amategeko
y’igenamajwi.
a) Abô twahaye umwanya w’ibitekerezo bitwaye neza.
b) Akandi kagega karuzuye.
c) Abo bana ni bangahe?
d) Mu rugo turi abantu umunani, babiri ni ababyeyi bacu, abana
turi batatu, babyara bacu ni bane kandi tubana na nyogokuru
umwe.
e) Icyô duharaniye twese ni uguteza imbere igihugu.
f) Uriya mwana yigize uwundiwundi.
g) Bandi bahe se bamufasha kwigira?
h) Uwô twigisha agaragaza indangagaciro zo gukunda igihugu.
i) Izo mushaka ni izihe?
j) Abana bamwe bigira za masore ngo ntibaba mu cyaro.
k) Ese wa mwana yaraye aje mwa bagabo mwe?
V.3.Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
1. Hanga umwandiko usobanura mu buryo burambuye aho mugani
“Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise” uhuriye na poritiki y’Igihugu
cyacu yo guharanira kwigira. Muri uwo mwandiko werekane aho
iyo poritiki ihuriye no gukunda Igihugu. Muri uwo mwandiko kandi
hagaragaremo ibinyazina bitandukanye: mbanziriza, ndafutura,
kibaza(mbaza), nyamubaro, mboneranteko na mpamagazi.
2. Tahura ibyo binyazina muri uwo mwandiko wahimbye, ugaragaze
intego yabyo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi yakoreshejwe.
Ubu nshobora:
- Gusesengura imyandiko itandukanye ivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko
yo gukunda Igihugu.
- Gusobanura uko ibikorwa byo gukunda Igihugu ari ingirakamaro
mu iterambere.
- Gutahura, gukoresha mu nteruro ndetse no gusesengura ibinyazina
mbanziriza, ndafutura, (mbaza)kibaza, nyamubaro, mboneranteko
n’ikinyazina mpamagazi.
Ubu ndangwa:
No kwitabira no gushishikariza abandi ibikorwa byo gukunda Igihugu
cyange mparanira kugiteza imbere.
V.4. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatanu
Soma umwandiko ukurikira usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.
Umwandiko: Abishyize hamwe
Abaturage bo mu Mudugudu wa Tuzamurane bamaze gukora umuganda
usoza ukwezi bakoze inama iyobowe n’Umukuru w’Umudugudu maze
bungurana ibitekerezo ku bibazo byugarije umudugudu wabo.
Umukuru w’Umudugudu: Baturage b’Umudugudu wa Tuzamurane
muraho! Mbanje kubashimira ubwitabire mwagaragaje mu gikorwa
cy’umuganda wo kwiyubakira Igihugu cyacu. Nk’uko bisanzwe, nyuma
y’umuganda dukora inama. Uyu munsi turungurana ibitekerezo ku cyo
twakoresha inkunga y’ubudehe twahawe na Leta yacu no ku bibazo
byugarije umudugudu wacu. Muratanga ibitekerezo, umwanzuro
urafatwa nyuma. Tudatinze rero ijambo ni iryanyu.
Mukarwego: Murakoze kumpa ijambo. Nitwa Mukarwego. Ngewe
mbona inkunga baduhaye tuzayikoresha tuzana amazi mu Mudugudu
wacu kuko aho tuvoma ari iyo bigwa kandi namwe mwese muzi ukuntu
bituvuna kujya mu kabande kuvomayo.
Minani: Murakoze. Nitwa Minani. Nge nifuzaga ko iyo nkunga
twayikoresha mu kubakira abatishoboye dufite mu Mudugudu no
kubaremera.
Muhire: Murakoze. Nitwa Muhire. Muri uyu Mudugudu dufite ikibazo
cy’abana bata ishuri kubera ubukene bakandagara. Nk’iyi nkunga rero
ikwiye kudufasha gusubiza abo bana mu ishuri.
Umukuru w’umudugudu: Abamaze gutanga ibitekerezo bose
turabashimiye cyane. Ibitekerezo byabo ni inyamibwa ariko tugomba
guhitamo ikihutirwa kurusha ibindi kuko amafaranga twahawe
atakemura ibyo bibazo byose icyarimwe.
Uwamahoro: Murakoze kumpa ijambo. Nitwa Uwamahoro. Muzi mwese
ikibazo cy’amazi. Muribuka inkomati ijya ibera mu kabande hariya iyo
amazi yabuze. Muribuka ko hari n’abajya benda kuhaburira ubuzima.
None se murumva tudakeneye amazi kurusha ibindi?
Abaturage bose: Dukeneye amazi mbere ya byose, dukeneye amazi!
Umukuru w’Umudugudu: Mutuze twumvikane. Ibyo muvuze
birerekana rwose icyo mukeneye kurusha ibindi. Ariko ndabona ushinzwe
ubuzima azamuye ukuboko nk’ufite icyo ashaka kuvuga.
Umunjyanama w’ubuzima: Umudugudu wacu ufite ibibazo ariko byose
ntibyakemukira rimwe bitewe n’amikoro y’Igihugu atabonekeye rimwe.
Nk’uko benshi babyifuje, ntawutazi ko amazi ari ubuzima. Nitugira
ubuzima bwiza tuzashobora kwiteza imbere. Dukwiye guhitamo amazi,
ibindi na byo bikazagenda bikemuka buhorobuhoro. Murakoze!
Abaturage bose: Yego rwose munjyanama w’ubuzima wacu!
Umukuru w’Umudugudu: Murakoze baturage b’Umudugudu wa
Tuzamurane. Muhisemo neza kuko amazi ari isoko y’ubuzima. Tugiye
kuyazana ariko turasabwa kuyabungabunga. Muzibuke kandi kujya
muyanywa mubanje kuyateka. Nongeye kubashimira ubwitabire
mwagaragaje muri iki gikorwa cy’umuganda wo kwiyubakira Igihugu.
Ndabasaba kandi kuzarushaho kwitabira ubutaha, cyane ko kuri uwo
munsi tuzataha aya mazi tugiye kuzana mu Mudugudu wacu. Ndabona
bukeye ibindi bibazo tuzabikemurira mu kagoroba k’ababyeyi ku wa
Gatatu. Murakoze mugire umunsi mwiza.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Gahunda y’inama y’uwo munsi yari iyihe?
2. Erekana mu nshamake ibitekerezo bitandukanye byatanzwe mu
nama ku gikorwa gikenewe mu mudugudu, unagagaraze ikemejwe
muri byo.
3. Ni iki abaturage bose bo mu mudugudu wa Tuzamurane bemeje
kuzakoresha inkunga y’ubudehe bahawe?
4. Sobanura akamaro k’inama zikorwa nyuma y’umuganda.
5. Sobanura akamaro k’umuganda ku baturage no ku gihugu?
6. Umuganda ufite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Sobanura wifashishije ingero.
II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro ukurikije inyito afite
mu mwandiko
1. Iyo bigwa
2. Amikoro
3. Kuremera abatishoboye
4. Inkomati
5. Bakandagara
6. Inyamibwa
III.Ikibonezamvugo
Tahura ibinyazina biri mu nteruro zikurikira, uvuge ubwoko bwabyo,
ugaragaze intego yabyo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi yubahirijwe.
1. Abô twatumiye mu nama habuzemo batatu, abandi barayitabiriye.
2. Ba data na ba mama batugira inama nziza.
3. Mwa banyeshuri mwe muge mwubaha abarezi n’abayobozi.
4. Duharanire gukunda Igihugu, ibindi bintu byaturangaza tubyime
amatwi.Ibitabo n’inyandiko byifashishijwe
1. IKIGÔ CY’ÛBUSHAAKASHAATSI MU BY’ÛBUHAÂNGA
N’ÎIKÔRANABÛHAÂNGA (n.d), Inkoranya y’Îkinyarwaanda mu
Kinyarwaanda, IRST Butare, Igitabo cya 1
2. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO NCDC
(2008). Imyandikomfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa gatanu w’amashuri
yisumbuye.
3. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO NCDC
(2008), Imyandikomfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri
yisumbuye.
4. INTEKO NYARWANDA Y’URURIMI N’UMUCO (2014). Amabwiriza
ya Minisitiri no 001/2014 yo ku wa 08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire
yemewe y’Ikinyarwanda, Kigali.
5. NSANZABERA, J.D. (2013) Ikeshamvugo mu Kinyarwanda: imvugo
isukuye, ikeshamvugo ry’amagambo akwiye n’inshoberamahanga
zisobanuye. Kigali
6. JACOB I. (1983). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
Tome premier, Kigali.
7. JACOB I. (1985). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
Tome troisième, I.N.R.S, Butare.
8. Mgr BIGIRUMWAMI, A. (1984). Imihango n’Imigenzo n’Imiziririzo
mu Rwanda, Nyundo, Troisième édition.
9. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
(2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 4,
Amashami yiga ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
10. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
(2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 5,
Amashami yiga ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
11. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (2015) Integanyanyigisho
y’Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri nderabarezi (TTC) umwaka 1,
amashami ya siyansi n’imbonezamubano.
12. COUPEZ, A. 1980. Abrégé de Grammaire Rwanda, Tome 1,2. Butare :
INRS.
13. BIZIMANA, S., 1998, Imiteêrere y’Ikinyarwaanda I, IRST, Butare.
14. BIZIMANA, S., 2002, Imiteêrere y’Ikinyarwaanda II, IRST, Butare.
15. MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE:
Ikinyarwanda: umwaka wa munani, Gashyantare 1988.Imigereka
TWIYUNGURE AMAGAMBO
Nta byera ngo de”: nta byabaho bidafite inenge na ntoya
Abasheshe akanguhe: abakuze
Amakenga: ubushishozi cyangwa impungenge
Bararurwa: bahindurwa ibirara
Bwimbitse: busesenguye cyangwa bucukumbuye
Guhamura umuti: gushaka umuti ukoze mu byatsi.
Guhomva: Kuvuga ibidafite akamaro.
Guhuza ubutaka:Guhinga igihingwa kimwe ku butaka bwegeranye.
Gukinga: Gutega ingabo igatangira imyambi bakurasa.
Gushengurwa: Kubabazwa n’ibibi ubonye.
Gushinga imizi: Gukomera, guhama neza.
Gusongwa: Guhuhurwa. Bishobora ariko no kuvuga
(ahandi) gukorwa k’umutsima.
Gutaha ibigunda: kurara mu binani, mu bihuru.
Igifura: Umuntu bacyocyora akarakara.
Imihanda y’imigenderano: Imihanda yo hagati mu midugudu ihuza
ingo n’ izindi.
Ingimbi: Umwana w’umuhungu uri mu kigero k’imyaka iri hagati ya 13
na 16.
Intambwe: Intera, urwego rw’ umurimo cyangwa igikorwa mu
iterambera.
Intere: Indembe
Intyoza: Umuntu uhugukiwe mu kuvuga neza akamenya kuryoshya
ikiganiro no gusubiza vuba kandi neza.
Itorero: Ahantu abasore b’ingimbi bajyaga bakigishwa indangagaciro
na kirazira by’umuco nyarwanda, n’ibindi byose bigamije kubaka
Umunyarwanda uhamye.
Kubona izuba: kuvuka
Kumasha: Kwitoza kurasa.
Kunoza: gutunganya
Kwarama: gufata igihe cyo kuruhuka by’umugore ukuriwe cyane
ategereje kubyara
Urwaho: akanya ko gukora iki n’iki (guca/kubona urwaho: kuba
ubonye akanya ko gukora iki n’iki
Gufumyamo: kugenda ushinguye intambwe
Gukeza: gusaba ubuhake
Kwikota: kwikuba ahantu kenshi utahava
Kujumarirwa: kuba uri aho usa n’uwumiwe
Gutona: gukundwa cyangwa kurebwa neza n’umuntu uguhatse
cyangwa ugutegeka.
Irimenanda: b’inshuti z’inkoramutima (akadasohoka)
Gucumbira: kugirira uruhare
Kunyagwa: kwamburwa inka wari waragabiwe n’uguhatse
Murandasi : inzira cyangwa umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga amakuru
anyuramo ava ku bantu bamwe ajya kubandi
Ubudehe: Abantu benshi barimo guhingira hamwe
Umupfumu: umuntu uragura
Kugisha: kwiherera k’umupfumu agashaka indagu
Kwera (imana): guhamya icyo umupfumu yatongereye kw’indagu
Umwangavu: Umwana w’umukobwa umaze gupfundura amabere.
Uruhando mpuzamahanga: ihuriro ry’ibihugu byinshi.
IMYANDIKO Y’INYONGERA
Mudakenesha
Murezi wese w’indahemuka
Urerera igihugu inyangamugayo
Ari ko uzihundagazaho ubumenyi
Butaborerana ntibunahinyuke
5. Usanzwe witwa NYAMUHIRIBONA
Mudakenesha turariguhese.
Shimwa mwungeri utagaramba
Ushora ahiye ntarumanze
Uri umubyeyi ubonera abo urerera.
10. Gumya ubavubire ubujijuke
Utabagerurira igise cyabwo
Unagenzura uko babuyora
Umunezero uhore ugusaba.
Imihigo yawe uko nayisanze
15. Isegeka myinshi mu y’imbonera
Uzira ubugugu ugira urugwiro
Ashwi nta huriro n’ibishagasha.
Mugumyabanga udahora mu rushya
Ishyaka Rugaba yagusendereje
20. Uhora urigabira u Rwanda rw’ejo.
Dore urureramo ingabo z’intwaza
Zigatabarukana imidende
Zivuga imyato yawe itimba
Kuko wazigabye unazigaburira.
25. Erega n’iyo wacyuye igihe
Imihayo yawe ntita itoto
Inshuke navugaga zigutaka
Ishyerezo ziza gutitiba
Inkoni waziragije ya kibyeyi
30. Ubwo ikakirwa na bene ibakwe.
Imyuga uko yakabaye
Ubukorikori bwose
Iryo ni ijuri ryawe.
Umuhinzi uramunyuze
35. Umworozi arakurahira
Umucuruzi ,umudereva
Umuvuzi,umuganga
Umubaji,umufundi
Bombi n’umucuruzi
40. Abahimbyi, abahanzi
Weguriye iby’inganzo
Imbumbamutekano
Abo wananuye ingingo
Leta abo yigombye
45. Ishinze imirimo myinshi
Utagisomesha ibanga
Utajya kuryandikisha
Kuko wamuhumuye
Bose warabaremeye
50. Kandi ntiwabarembye
None ni ko gushima:
Imyama barayiteye
Yikirijwe umudiho
Ibicuriro by’intore
55. Umurishyo si ugusuma
Umurya unoze w’inanga
Ni wo wabatuye impanda
Urwo rwunge rw’impundu
Zivuzwa n’abahe bawe
60. Igisagara cy’abeshi
Bo mu mpugu zose
Ngo akira iyi nganji
Ucyuriweho umunyafu
W’uko ushikurwa ukwawe
65. Bitadohora umwete
Cyangwa se ubwo buhanga
None uhorane ibyambo.
Inshungu mafubo tubona
Ushubije ingobyi imugongo
70. zihamya ko wibyaye
Zigumane impagarike.
Insigamugani: Akebo kajya iwa mugarura.
Uyu mugani waturutse ku muntu witwaga Mugarura wakuranye imico
myiza nyane, akubitiraho n’ubukire bw’imyaka n’ubw’amatungo. Abantu
baza kumucaho inshuro, akabereka ikibo cya mugerwa w’umuhinzi,
umuhingiye yahingura akamuha inshuro y’umuhinzi muri icyo kibo,
hanyuma akamushyiriramo n’indi y’ubuntu. Abigenza atyo imyaka
myinshi, n’uje kumusaba inka na we akayimuha, ndetse byarimba
akamuheta n’indi ya kabiri. Byibera aho, bukeye inshuti ze n’abana be
baramukuba, bamubwira ko yangiza inka ze n’imyaka ye. Bati “dore
urimaraho ibintu, ubyangiza, nihacaho iminsi uzasigara umeze ute?
Ejo uzasanga rubanda bakunyega nta wukureba n’irihumye.” Mugarura
akumva amagambo yabo akabihorera, ntagire icyo abasubiza; ntihagire
uwumva ururimi rwe, biba bityo igihe kirekire.
Bishyize kera, haza umuntu amugerageresha kumushuka, aramubwira
ati “Mugarura, ubuntu bwawe bwo gutanga utabaze turabwishimira,
ariko n’ubwo tugushima bwose, gewe nta cyo urampa, none nje kugusaba
inka eshanu zo kubaga.” Mugarura aramwemerera amuha inka eshanu
arazijyana. Azigejeje iwe aho kuzibaga arazorora; zirakunda zirororoka,
ziba amashyo atanu. Rubanda babibonye batyo, barega mugarura
ibwami ko yangiza ibintu dore ko ibwami uwangizaga inka ze bavugaga
ko amara inka z’umwami.
Ibyo bituma umwami amugabiza rubanda baramunyaga, ariko
inka n’ibintu bye nta muntu wabigabanye, byatwawe na rubanda
rubyigagabanije
Nuko ibwami bategeka ko Mugarura atazahabwa umuriro kuko yabaye
umupfu mu bintu by’ibwami. Mugarura amaze kunyagwa ahinduka
umukene cyane, abura aho aba n’umugore n’abana be aragumya
arazerera. Hanyuma atunguka ku muntu wigeze kumuhingira ava mu
nzu ya kambere ayiha mugarura, asigara mu nzu yo mu gikari. Mugarura
amaze kubona inzu abamo, rubanda bamenyako yabonye icumbi, abo
yagiriye neza batangira kujya bagenda nijoro, bamushyira ibintu.Ubwo kugenda nijoro batinyaga ibwami. Baramugoboka, bamuzanira
amafunguro, bamwe mu twibo, abandi mu bitebo. Bigize aho abenshi
mu bo yagiriye neza bajya kumuhakirwa ibwami baremera bamuha inka
y’umuriro, rubanda barishima, noneho baza ku mugaragaro bamuzanira
ibintu byo kumushimira ineza yabagiriye.
Bukeye wa mugabo wazaga kumushuka ngo amuhe inka eshanu
zo kubaga yumvise ko Mugarura yabonye umuriro arishima cyane.
Arazinduka ajya aho Mugarura acumbitse, aramubwira ati: ”Ngize
amahirwe kuko wabonye umuriro; za nka wampaga zo kubaga uko ari
eshanu narazoroye, zabaye amashyo atanu, none ngayo amashyo atatu
nkwituye, nange ndasigarana abiri. Mugarura amushimana na rubanda.
Barakomeza bamuzanira amaturo y’inka n’imyaka; abadafite imyaka
myinshi bakamuzanira mu twibo, yubaka imitiba n’ibigega.
Kuva ubwo umuntu wituye uwamugiriye neza, bati: “Akebo kajya iwa
Mugarura. “
Insigamugani: Burya si buno!
Uyu mugani Abanyarwanda badatuza guca, cyanecyane iyo bacyurirana;
umuntu awuca iyo abonye urwaho rwo kwigaranzura uwari wamuzambije
akamubuza amahwemo, cyangwa se iyo ashaka kumvisha ko umuntu
ari “Mutima ukwe”; ni bwo avuga ngo “Burya si Buno!” Wakomotse
kuri Burya na Buno bene Rugomwa rwa Maronko mu Gisaka (Intara
y’Iburasirazuba ); ahagana mu mwaka wa 1400.
Abo bahungu bombi bari impanga, bakaba bene Rugomwa rwa
Muronko na Barakagwira ba Numugabo. Rugomwa yari umugesera
w’umuzirankende; akaba umutware w’umutoni mu b’ingenzi kwa
Kimenyi Musaya, umwami w’ i Gisaka. Bukeye Kimenyi atoresha
abakobwa beza bo mu Gisaka, babazana mu rugo rwe rw’i Remera ry’i
Mukiza (muri Komini Kigarama: Ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngoma) mu
Gisaka i Mukiza hari nk’ibwami mu Rwanda). Bamaze kuhateranira,
yohereza abagore bakuru ngo bahitemo abarusha abandi ubwiza, kugira
ngo bamwe azabarongore, abandi abashyingire abahungu akunda. N’i
Rwanda ni ko byagendaga; ni ko ibwami barambagizaga.
Nuko abagore bajya kurobanura abakobwa; babakenyeza impu z’imikane
babareba imbere n’inyuma, babambika ubusa barabahindagura bareba
intantu n’ibibero. Umukobwa wa mbere aba Barakagwira ba Numugabo.
Igihe bakibisiganira, Kimenyi aba arahageze na wa muhungu Rugomwa;
dore ko yamukundaga cyane. Ba bagore n’abakobwa bamubonye
abatunguye barikanga. Arabasatira arabaramutsa n’abakobwa bose.
Ubwo abagore bari bakikije Barakagwira. Kimenyi arababaza, ati: “Ko
nduzi mukikije uyu mukobwa mwese ni ibiki?”
Abagore batinya kumubwira ko ari we uruta abandi mu bwiza, kugira
ngo bagenzi be batagira ipfunwe n’ishyari. Kimenyi na we arabimenya
aroroshya; ati: “Nimuze mbabaze”. Abajyana mu yindi ngobe; dore ko ibyo
byagirwaga mu gikari. Bahageze babona kumutekereza ko Barakagwira
aruta bagenzi be bandi mu bwiza. Ubwo wa muhungu Rugomwa akaba
arimo aho. Kimenyi arashimikira; ati: “Arabaruta bose koko?” Bati:
“Arabaruta turakakuroga!” Kimenyi akebuka Rugomwa; ati: “Muguhaye
wanshima?” Rugomwa ati: “Nagushima mba nkuroga”. Kimenyi ati:
“Ndamuguhaye uzamurongore”.
Rugomwa rero arongora Barakagwira, atahirira i Mukiza kwa Kimenyi.
Barakagwira amaze kurongorwa ntiyazuyaza, ahera ko asama. Igihe cyo
kubyara kigeze, yibaruka abahungu b’impanga: umwe bamwita Burya,
undi bamwita Buno. Bamaze gukambakamba, Kimenyi atesha Rugomwa
ubutware; aramusezerera ajya kuburereramo abana be. Bamaze kuba
ingaragu, Kimenyi abajyana iwe bareranwa n’abe. Bamaze kugimbuka
arabashyingira, abaha inka n’imisozi.
Baba aho, bishyize kera Rugomwa arapfa. Abahungu be basigara mu bye
babitungana n’ibyabo. Bitinze abantu bo mu Gisaka babagirira ishyari
barabanga; babateranya na Kimenyi. Na we atangira kubareba nabi.
Burya na Buno babibonye bagira ubwoba baracika; bamucikira i Bujinja.
Bamaze kugerayo bakeza umwami waho. Arabakira arabahaka. Hagati
aho Abanyagisaka bayoberwa aho bacikiye. Birarambanya hashira
umwaka, ariko bageze aho barabimenya. Babwira Kimenyi, bati: “Burya
na Buno bari i Bujinja”. Kimenyi yohereza abantu bo kujya kubagarura
kuko yabakundaga cyane. Bagezeyo barabaririza barababona;
bararamukanya barashyikirana. Bari bamaze kuba ibikwerere. Intumwa
zibabwira ubutumwa bwa Kimenyi bw’uko bagaruka iwabo. Bamaze
kubyumva, Burya arabyemera, Buno araricurika ararahira; yanga
kugaruka. Burya agarukana n’intumwa, Kimenyi amusubiza ibyabo
byose, na we Buno yigumira iyo.
Nuko atindaharirayo, kugeza igihe agwiriyeyo yiseguye ubutindi.
Rubanda rero rumaze kubona uko izo mpanga zanyuranyije ibitekerezo
byari mahwi amambere, babikurizaho imvugo yahindutse umugani baca
bagira ngo: “Burya si Buno!” Bawuca bashaka kuvuga ko umuntu ari
mutima ukwe; nk’uko abo bahungu babusanyije ibitekerezo kandi bari
akara kamwe. Ku ruhande baba bashima Burya ku rundi baba bagaya
Buno. Ariko mu mvugo, bisobanura ko ibihe biha ibindi; ni nk’aho
umuntu yagize ati: “Birya wangiriraga burya ntishoboye, ubu noneho
byahindutse!”
Naho rero iyo umuntu abajije undi ati: “Mbese ni Burya na Buno!” Ubwo
aba ashaka kumubaza ngo: “Mbese biracyari kwa kundi?” Burya si Buno
bisobanura umuntu ni mutima ukwe cyangwa se ibihe biha ibindi; nta
gahora gahanze. Burya na Buno = biracyari kwa kundi ntacyahindutse.
Igitekerezo: Sakindi
Umugabo witwa Sakindi yabaye mu rugerero cyane, akajya amara yo
imyaka myinshi ari ibwami, kuko abakera bajyaga bajya mu rugerero
ntibatahe n’uwasize arongoye umugore, yasiga yarasamye akazasanga
umwana yarubatse. Kera rero ababaga mu rugerero ni uko byagendaga
bagatinda cyane iyo yabaga atagira abazamukura, atagira abo bava inda
imwe cyangwa bene wabo.
Uwitwa Sakindi rero ajya mu rugerero atindayo cyane, yarasize umugore
atwite. Bukeye abyaye, abyara umwana w’umukobwa, uwo mwana
ararerwa arakura. Amaze kuba umwana w’umwangavu, arabaza ati:
“Data aba he?” Baramubwira bati: “So yagiye ku rugerero ni ho aba
ntagira umukura yibera yo”.
Umukobwa aba aho aramutegereza araheba, bukeye atangiye
kumera amabere, aherako yigira mu bacuzi. Abacuzi arabinginga
bamukorogoshoreramo amabere bayamaramo maze rero amabere ye
arasibangana, agira igituza nk’icy’abahungu. Yibera aho yiga gusimbuka,
yiga kurasa intego, yiga gufora umuheto, yiga gutera icumu, yibera aho
aba mu nka za se. Abyirutse rero abyiruka gihungu, ntihagire umuhungu
umurusha gusimbuka, ntihagire umuhungu ugira icyo amurusha
kerekeye ku mirimo y’abahungu.
Akora ibyo atyo, bukeye ajyana n’ingemu zigemurirwa se ku rugerero.
Atungutse ibwami, aho se acumbitse, aragenda aramubwira ati: “Ndi
umwana wawe. Kandi kuva navuka sinigeze nkubona nawe ntabwo
unzi. Ariko byarambabaje cyane kuko wabaye mu rugerero hano, uru
rugerero ukarubamo utagira gikura abandi bagataha, geho nazanywe
no kugukura, umurikire umwami unshyire mu rugerero nge mu bandi
bahungu nge mu bandi batware, maze nkubere mu rugerero nawe utahe,
wicare iwawe, utunge ibyawe nange nzaguhakirwa.
Uwo mukobwa rero ni we witwaga Sakindi. Ise rero amubonye abona ko
abonye noneho umuvunyi, aboneza ubwo aramujyana, amujyana ibwami
aramumumurikira ati: “Dore umwana waje kunkura mu rugerero
asubiye mu kiraro cyange asubibiye mu kirenge cyange aho nari ndi,
mumubane nta kundi nange ndatashye ndasezeye”.
Umwami aramusezerera ati: “Nta kundi ubwo mbonye umukura se
kandi hari ikindi?” Nuko aherako aritahira yigira iwe, yitungira inka
ze yibera aho, umukobwa rero yibera aho na we aba mu bandi bahungu,
baramasha arabarusha, barasimbuka arabarusha, bigenda bityo, imirimo
y’abahungu yose arayibarusha, bagiye kurasa intego arabarusha, maze
Sakindi aragenda aba intwari mu bandi bahungu mu rungano rungana
na we arabarusha rwose.
Bukeye abandi bahungu biratinda bakajya mu gitaramo, bakajya
basohoka bakajya kunyara, na we yajya kunyara akajya kubihisha,
akajya kure ngo batamubona. Bukeye ibya rubanda bazi kugenzura
cyane bakomeza kumugenzura, bati: “Uriya muntu; Sakindi tubona
aho ni umuhungu, aho ntabwo ari umukobwa?” Bukeye bavamo umwe
aramugenzura aramubona anyara. Amwitegereje, aramureba amenya
ko ari umukobwa neza biraboneka, amaze kubyibonera aragenda
ahamagara umwami amushyira ukwe aramwihererana ati: “Aho uzi
Sakindi, uzi mu rugerero, muzi mu muhigo uburyo aturusha, uzi mu
isimbuka uburyo aturusha, ukamenya kurasa intego uburyo aturusha?”
Ati: “Burya bwose abigira ari umukobwa”.
Undi ati: “Urabeshya ntabwo ari umukobwa umuntu umeze kuriya
w’umuhungu mu bandi kandi akaba ari intwari ko nta muhungu
umurusha ibyivugo; ntihagire ugira umurimo w’abahungu amurusha
rwose uriya ni umukobwa ahajya he?” Ati: “Mubimenye ninsanga ari
umuhungu ndagutanga urapfa n’inka z’iwanyu zikanyagwa. Ninsanga
ari umukobwa kandi urabizi uzi kugenzura, uraba waragenzuriye ukuri
koko.
Ati: “Nawe uzigenzurire nta kundi”. Barara aho barara mu nkera buracya
mu gitondo baramukira ku biraro byabo, umwami atumira Sakindi,
aramwihererana iwe mu rugo, ati: “Umva rero Sakindi, ndagusaba kugira
ngo icyo nkwibariza nawe ukimbwire kandi nuba ukizi ukimbwire koko”.
Amwihererana iwe ikambere aramubaza ati: “Uri umuhungu cyangwa
uri umukobwa?”
Undi ati: “Ubimbarije iki se? Ko ntananiwe urugerero; nkaba ntananiwe
itabaro ry’abahungu; nkaba nta kintu kerekeye imirimo y’abakobwa
wari wabona nkora; icyo ubimbarije ni iki kuvuga ko ndi umukobwa?
Ni uko ubona ngira ubutwari buke?” Undi ati: “Oya si ibyo nkubarije.
Ndakubaza uko mbikubajije ndagira ngo nawe unsubize uko biri umbwire
niba uri umuhungu mbimenye, niba uri umukobwa mbimenye”. Ati: “Ndi
umuhungu”.
Abikurikiranya atyo. Ati: “Umva ikimara agahinda ni uko unyambarira
ukuri, si ukugira ngo wambare ubusa ahubwo unyambarire ukuri ndore”.
Aramubwira biherereye, ati: “Umva rero noneho aho turi hano, yenda
n’abandi bantu baratwumva, heza cyane twiherere nkubwire”. Araheza
basigara mu nzu bonyine.
Ati: “Ubu rero naravutse. Mvuka ndi umukobwa. Mvukiye mu rugo rwa
data nsanga atarurimo. Mbajije aho data yagiye, bambwiye ko ari mu
rugerero rw’ibwami”. Arakomeza ati: “Ndi umukobwa koko. Bakuyemo
amabere, niga gusimbuka, niga kurasa intego, niga kujya mu muhigo
niga imirimo y’abahungu bakora yose niga iyo, mbabajwe na data kuko
yabaye mu rugerero, atagira umukura, ni icyo cyanzanye. Cyakora naje
ndi umukobwa, ariko rero naje gukura data mu rugerero, nje kubikubwira
nta wundi wari ubizi, mbikubwiriye icyo ubimbarije”.
Nuko ati: “Ndagushimiye kuko ubinyemereye, ukaba ubimbwiye kandi
umbwiye ukuri, ndagira ngo unyambarire ukuri noneho mbirebe nange
mbyimenyere koko bye no kuba impuha ne no kukubaririza”. Umukobwa
arabyemera, yambara ukuri nk’uko abimubwiye akuramo imyambaro
asigara ahagaze gusa.
Arabireba umwami ati: “Tora imyambaro yawe wongere ukenyere,
arakenyera arangije gukenyera. Umwami ati: “Ntiwongere gusohoka
guma mu nzu”. Yibera aho abigeza mu bandi abitekerereza abandi bari
bakuru. Havamo umwe mu bakuru bari aho ati: “Uwo muntu yarababaye
rero cyane kandi hirya hari abandi basa n’uwo nguwo, muruzi ko ibintu
byacitse imusozi, abantu bararushye cyane, washyize abantu mu
rugerero biratinda bamwe baherana intanga mu mibiri, n’ababyaye
abana ntibaziranye, ikimenyetso kibikwereka ni kiriya”.
Wa mukobwa bwije nijoro umwami aramurongora, ati: “Nzagutungira
icyo kuko wabaye intwari kandi ukaba waragiriye so akamaro ikigeretse
kuri ibyo kandi uri mwiza sinanigeze nkugaya mu bandi bahungu”.
Amurongora ubwo atumira se arabimubwira, ati: “Wamumpaye uzi ko
ari umukobwa?” Undi ati: “Nabonye ansanga ku kiraro ntazi uwo ari we
napfuye kuguha umwana nzi ko ari uwange gusa.
Abyeza atyo, aba umugore we, se baramushima cyane kuko yavuye
mu rugerero atahasize ubusa, kandi akahasiga intwari itunganye,
nuko umukobwa umwami aramurongora, amugira umugore. Umwami
agabira sebukwe inka amagana kugeza igihe asaziye mu bye. Ntiyongera
gusubira mu rugerero ukundi. Umukobwa we aratunga aratunganirwa
ibya Sakindi birangirira aho.
Umugani muremure: Muyaya
Muyaya yari umuntu w’umukene, abyara umwana w’umukobwa mwiza,
umukobwa abwira se, ati: “Ngiye kuguhakirwa”, ajya ibwami yihundura
umuhungu. Umwami aramukunda kuko na we yari azi ubwenge.
Umwamikazi akifuza uwo musore abona ari umuhungu, ndetse
aramushuka. Amunaniye amurega ibinyoma umwami aramutanga.
Mbere yo kujya kumwica ati: “mwami nyagasani urebe niba ibyo
umugore wawe ambeshyera nabishobora.” Yambara ubusa babona ari
umukobwa, barumirwa. Umwamikazi baramwica. Umwami arongora
mwene Muyaya umukobwa akira atyo.
Habayeho umugabo Muyaya aba aho ari inkeho. Bukeye ashaka umugore
babyarana umwana umwe w’umukobwa gusa. Muyaya akaba yari
yarabwiye abantu bo hirya no hino, ugiye kumwuhirira inka akamuha
indi nka, kugira ngo abone amaboko, kugira ngo abone uko atunga izo
nka kugira ngo yihe amaboko muri bagenzi be mbese agasa n’uwigura.
Umwuhiriye, umuragiriye, umukamiye inka adahari, akazikuramo
inka. Bukeye uwo mwana we w’umukobwa amaze kumenya ubwenge
aramubwira ati: “Dawe nkubwire, dore igihe wavunikiye ndi umwe,
kandi utunze, nshakira umuheto, unshakire imyambi, ndashaka
kwambara kigabo ngo nzage kuguhakirwa ibwami, noneho abaja
bazampa n’abagaragu niba mpabonye ubutoninzaguhemo abashotsi
n’abashumba.”
Se Muyaya ati: “Ese mwana wange ko uri umukobwa uzamenya uhakirwa
abo bashumba ute ngo nzababone, wagumye aha nkazagushyingira ariko
ntuge guhakwa ko utabishobora?”
Umukobwa ati: “Nzabishobora.” Se amushakiye umuheto, umukobwa
atwaye icumu nk’abagabo, mbese yigira nk’umuhungu rwose,
abamubonye bose bakamwita umuhungu.
Bukeye umukobwa ati: “Igihe kirageze, njyana ibwami nge kuguhakirwa,
dore igihe wahereye uge wisigarira mu byawe nange mpakubere.” Ubwo
se aherako aramujyanye, agezeyo umwami amubonye abona ari umusore
mwiza wambaye kigabo atwaye icumu, ntiyamenya ko ari umukobwa
amushyira mu itorero, aba umusore mwiza kandi ari inkumi. Kera
rero ngo hari abizingishaga amabere na we yari yaragiye kwizingisha
amabere kugira ngo azakunde akamire se.
Arakomeza aba umusore mwiza akamenya guhamiriza umwami
aramukunda, aba mwiza akubitiyeho n’amaraso y’ubukobwa aba
umusore mwiza koko uteranye. Akamenya gukirana, umufashe
ntamuheze. Akamenya kwiruka, akamenya gutwara umuheto akarasa,
akamenya kurasa intego akamasha. Aho bari agahiga abandi, umwami
akajya amuha inka.
Umwami aramukunda cyane, kubera ko ari n’urwego rwe, ari umusore
mwiza, uko umwaka ushize akamuha inka.
Bukeye ati: “Umva rero Nyagasani, data ni umukene ni inkeho,
arankunda cyane kandi izi nka mumpa nta muntu agira uziragira,
ntizigira abashotsi none ntako mwagerageza nkagira icyo ndamiraho
data?” Umwami ati: “Yewe, ni koko, aho so atuye nzahava nzakubwira.”
Undi ati: “iii”
Bukeye ajyana n’uwo musore afata abantu bose bari batuye mu kagari
uwo se atuyeho, abaha Muyaya; bose abagabiye Muyaya. Ati “Umva
rero Muyaya aha hategeke, ngaba abashumba, ngaba abashotsi, ngaba
abahinzi.” Ubwo wa mukobwa aba atangiye gukiza se atyo.
Ubwo ariko mu itorero umwamikazi akaba amureba, akamureba akumva
amukunze akibwira ati: “Icyampa uriya musore ngo nzamubyareho
akana k’agahungu gasa na we, ariko n’iyo namubyaraho agakobwa.”
Umwamikazi akajya amureba kenshi na kenshi, akamuha inzoga
y’inturire, iy’inkangaza, agira ngo abone uko amwiyegereza.
Kubera ko mwene Muyaya yari umukobwa nta gitekerezo kindi yagiraga
ibyo ntabyiteho ntabigirire umutima. Noneho umwamikazi akibwira ko
ari ukubura umwanya akabona ko ari no kumutinya.
Bukeye umwami ajya guhiga umuhigo w’umurara, ihembe rirararitse,
abahigi bukeye barambaye, imyambi barayityaje, inkota bazikozeho bati:
“Tuge guhiga”. Kera bavaga guhiga nk’aha bakajya guhiga nk’i Burundi
(Nyamata – Burundi). Abantu barahagurutse baragiye, bageze ku gasozi
ko hakurya umwami ati: “Murabizi nibagiwe amayombo y’imbwa zange;
nihagire ufite imbaraga agende anzanire amayombo.” Bararebana
bati: “Umusore utite imbaraga ni Mwene Muyaya, ni Muyaya rwose
ni we ukwiye kujya kuzana amayombo, wowe ndakuzi uri rutebuka.”
Umukobwa arirukanse, ahageze umwamikazi ati: “Si wowe nabona.”
Ati: “Ngwino noneho ni wowe nashakaga.” Bageze mu nzu umwamikazi
aramufata ati: “Ngwino nguhe inzoga.” Undi ati: “Nta cyo nshaka mpa
amayombo.” Mwene Muyaya ati: “Mwamikazi mbwira icyo ushaka?”
Ati: “Ngwino ngusasire, nimara kugusasira uge guhiga”. Undi ati:
“Shwi, ntabwo ari icyo nagenewe”. Umwamikazi na we ati: “Amayombo
nta yo nguhaye.” Mwene Muyaya abona amayombo aho amanitse, aba
yasimbutse arayiha arirukanka.
Yarirukanse umwamikazi ati: “Cyo rero, uriya munyagwa anyumviye
ubusa.” Yiga uburyo bwo kumwubikaho icyaha kugira ngo umwami aho
azazira amwice. Ati: “Anyumviye ubusa kandi hari ubwo yazabibwira
abandi.” Umwamikazi agize inkingi y’intagara y’umwami arayivunnye,
agize inkingi y’inganona yo arayivunnye, mbese akoze ibintu byo kugira
ngo yicishe mwene Muyaya.
Ubwo rero umuhigo uraraye, buracya urasibiye, ku munsi wa gatatu
umuhigo uraje noneho abagiye gusanganira bahura n’umuhigo uko
wakaje. Umwami arababaza ati: “Ni amahoro?” Bati “Nta mahoro
nta yo, umwamikazi ameze nabi.” Ati: “Azize iki?” Bati: “yazize uwo
mwene Muyaya ngo ni we wamwishe kandi ngo yashakaga ko ajya
kumusasira noneho umwamikazi yanze, mwene Muyaya asiga aciye
ibintu aranamuterura amukubita hasi, rwose yaciye ibintu yaragomye.”
Umwami ati: “ii! Umuvunamuheto ko namukundaga, none nkaba ngiye
kumwica.” Umwami rero iyo bamubwiraga umuntu wagomye, yabaga
yamushumbije amaboko yaramwicaga. Arinjira umwamikazi amukubise
amaso arigwandika ati: “Mwami ngo urebe uko mu nzu bimeze.”
Aritegereje ati: “Akwiriye gupfa.”
Yegereye mwene Muyaya ati: “Nibagufate bakujyane iwanyu, ntunshika
ntuntoroka, usezere so, usezere nyoko, usezere n’umuryango wawe
uze nkwice.” Undi ati: “iii.” Ntabwo yari azi icyo azira. Aragiye asanze
nyina na se, areba abantu bamushoreye nk’imbagwa ngo adacika bati:
“Ese ko yajyaga aza akaza arongoye inka akaza neza, bariya bantu ko
bamushoreye”?
Umukobwa yajya kugira icyo avuga abwira se ikinigakikamwica.
Nyina aramubwira ati: “Shinga icumu turamukanye,
Mwana wa Muyaya”.
Umukobwa na we akamusubiza ati:
“Abakecuru ntimubarirwa
Mama na Muyaya,
Genda ubwire data
Mama na Muyaya,
Atore indi y’ubugondo
Mama na Muyaya,
Ugende wikwere
Mama na Muyaya,
Mwene Muyaya agiye
Kumara urw’ingoma,
Iby’ibwami biragora
Mama na Muyaya”
Bakamukurikirana, akongera akababwira atyo abura ikindi yabasubiza,
ariko ubwo bamenya ko agiye gupfa. Bageze ibwami ku Karubanda,
ubwo se na nyina baje babakurikiye. Umwami ati: “Umva rero nta kindi
ubu ngiye kukwica”.
Igihe ngo ashatse kumwicira aho imbere y’umuryango, aho bitaga ku
gitabo, mwene Muyaya ati: “Ashwi, ntabwo ugomba kunyicira hano,
ngwino tuge mu gikari”. Bahageze amwereka uko ateye, umwami asanga
ni umukobwa. Umukobwa ati: “Iyo ujya kuvuga ko nagomye, najyaga
ku buriri bwawe njya gukora iki? Uwo mugore wawe nari mukeneye ko
ureba nange ndi umugore nka we?” Umwami araca agwa mu kantu,
cyo ye? Uyu muntu yari arenganye koko”.
Umwami ati: “Fata imyambaro yawe wambare”. Umukobwa ati:
“Ntabwo nambaye nta cyo nambara, abantu bose bambonye, ni ubusa
nabwambaye na none iyicire”. Abantu bose bati: “Rwose ambara”.
Nyirasenge arahendahenze ati: “Ambara mwana wange”. Undi ati: “Oya
ntabwo nambara”. Umwami arabireba asanga umwamikazi ari we ufite
icyaha gikomeye. Arabasohora aramwica ati: “Ni wowe wiyishe utumye
nambika ababyeyi b’i Rwanda ubusa” Abwira mwene Muyaya ati: “Injira
ni wowe mwamikazi”.
Ingoma ziravuga, Mwene Muyaya ahabwa abaja n’abagaragu arakira.
Muyaya na we akira atyo, abona abavunyi, abona abashotsi.
Si nge wahera