◄UMUTWE WA KANE:ITUMANAHO N’IKORANABUHANGA MU ITERAMBERETopic 6►

UMUTWE WA GATANU:GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

  • UMUTWE WA GATANU:GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

    Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe

    - Gusesengura umwandiko uvuga ku ngingo yo gukunda Igihugu agaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi zirimo.
    - Gusesengura no gukoresha neza mu mvugo no mu nyandiko ibinyazina mbanziriza, ndafutura, mbaza,
    nyamubaro, mboneranteko n’ikinyazina mpamagazi.

    Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
    Ni ibihe bikorwa wakora bigaragaza ko ukunda Igihugu?

    V.1. Umwandiko: Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere
    J

    Mu minsi ishize, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Bwiza yasuye abaturage
    b’Umurenge wa Rebero, ngo arebe aho bageze bashyira mu bikorwa
    gahunda za Leta zirimo umuganda, ubudehe, kubungabunga ibikorwa
    remezo n’ibindi.

    Ageze mu Murenge wa Rebero, yasanze abaturage bakataje mu bikorwa
    byo kwiteza imbere. Ibyo bamaze kugeraho bishamaje. Hamwe yakiriwe
    n’uruyange rw’ibishyimbo bya mushingiriro, ahandi ibirayi by’imishishe
    bihinze mu mirima migari kubera guhuza ubutaka. Ahandi yahasanze
    ibikorwa by’amakoperative y’ubworozi bw’inka za kijyambere n’andi
    matungo ndetse n’ubuhinzi bw’imboga n’imbuto zinyuranye, nk’amashu,
    karoti, inanasi, amapapayi n’ibindi.

    Umuyobozi w’Akarere yiboneye uburyo ibikorwa by’umuganda bimaze
    gushinga imizi no kugeza abaturage ba Rebero ku bukungu n’imibereho
    myiza. Imihanda y’imigenderano yakwiriye mu midugudu yose.
    Abaturage bagize uruhare rufatika mu guhanga imihanda ibafasha
    kugenderana no kugeza umusaruro wabo ku masoko ntakomyi. Bacukuye
    kandi ibirometero by’imiyoboro y’amazi meza n’amaterasi y’indinganire
    mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri. Yasanze barateye amashyamba kandi
    bayafata neza. Bubatse ibyumba bihagije by’amashuri, bubaka
    amavuriro, amasoko, bubakira abatishoboye n’ibindi.

    Ku byerekeye ubudehe, Umuyobozi w’Akarere yasanze iyo gahunda
    imaze kubageza ku ntambwe ishimishije kuko benshi muri bo yabakuye
    mu bukene ku buryo bugaragara. Nk’uko bizwi, ubudehe ni imwe muri
    gahunda za Leta y’u Rwanda igamije kurwanya ubukene bishingiye ku
    ihame ry’ibikorwa umuturage afitemo ijambo.

    Byagaragaye kandi ko buri muntu wese yitabira ibindi bikorwa byo
    gukunda Igihugu birimo kwicungira umutekano, gutanga imisoro
    isabwa, gutanga ubwisungane mu kwivuza … Ibi bikaba byihutisha
    iterambere ry’Igihugu cyacu cyanecyane ko bikorwa mu bwisanzure
    nta gahato kabayeho, ahubwo buri wese ahabwa umwanya wo gutanga
    ibitekerezo ku ngamba zo guteza imbere Igihugu.

    Uwo muyobozi yasoje ashimangira ko gahunda y’umuganda n’ubudehe
    bifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere Umunyarwanda. Ko ari
    ngombwa gukomeza kwitabira izo gahunda nta kuzuyaza, nta kwiganda,
    kujandajanda cyangwa kwirozonga kuko ari twe bifitiye akamaro.
    Anabibutsa ko u Rwanda ari urwacu tugomba kurwubaka nta we
    dusiganya kuko “Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise.”

    5.1.1.Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
    Igikorwa
    Soma umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, ushakemo
    amagambo udasobanukiwe neza hanyuma uyasobanure wifashishije

    inkoranyamagambo.

    Imyitozo
    1. Huza ijambo riri mu rushya A n’igisobanuro cyaryo kiri mu ruhusa

    B ukoresheje akambi.

    R

    2. Simbuza amagambo atsindagiye ayo bihuje inyito ukuye mu mwandiko.
    a) Aho nanyuze hose nasanze ibishyimbo ari ururabo.
    b) Ingano zo muri Rebero ziratoshye kubera ifumbire.
    3. Ubaka interuro iboneye ukoresheje amagambo akurikira: ubudehe, gushinga imizi.
    5.1.2. Gusoma no Kumva umwandiko
    Igikorwa
    Ongera usome umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, usubize
    ibibazo byawubajijweho.
    1. Umuyobozi w’ Akarere ka Bwiza asura abaturage b’Umurenge wa Rebero yari agamije iki?
    2. Tanga ingero zavuzwe mu mwandiko zerekana ko abaturage bo mu murenge wa Bwiza bamaze
          gutera imbere mu myumvire.
    3. Vuga akamaro k’umuganda kavugwa mu mwandiko.
    4. Sobanura uburyo ibikorwa by’umuganda n’ubudehe byagize uruhare
    mu kurwanya isuri mu murenge wa Bwiza.
    5. Uretse umuganda n’ubudehe ni ibihe bikorwa bindi bigaragaza gukunda igihugu byavuzwe
        mu mwandiko?

    6. Ni iki Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Bwiza yashoje ashishikariza abaturage?

    5.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko

    Igikorwa

    Ongera usome umwandiko “Ubufatanye bwaduteje imbere”, usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
    1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko rusange umwandiko wubakiyeho
    2. Shaka ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereke zigaragara mu mwandiko wasomye.
    3. Gereranya ibikorwa by’ubudehe mu Rwanda rwo hambere n’ubu.
    4. Uyu mwandiko urateza imbere izihe indangagaciro?

    5.1.4. Kungurana ibitekerezo
    Igikorwa
    Ungurana na bagenzi bawe ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko ikurikira:
    Akamaro k’Umuganda n’Ubudehe mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.

    V.2. AMAGAMBO AHINDUKA : IBINYAZINA
    Igikorwa
    Soma interuro zikurikira, witegereze amagambo y’umukara tsiri,
    usobanure imiterere yayo. Uhereye ku miterere yayo, kora ubushakashatsi
    utahure ubwoko bw’ibinyazina buri muri izo nteruro hanyuma utange
    inshoza, uturango n’intego bya buri bwoko.

    - Ni ikizira ko umushyitsi mukuru agira     uwô asanga ataragera mu muganda.
    - Buri wese ufite icyô avuga asaba ijambo.
    - Ahandi nahasanze hateye ibirayi.
    - Ibindi bikorwa by’umuganda bizabungabungwa.
    - Ibikorwa remezo biriyongera byikuba inshuro eshanu maze hubakwa

    ibyumba by’amashuri     bitandatu, amasoko ane n’amavuriro abiri.
    - Ni izihe ngamba zafatwa mu guteza imbere Igihugu cyacu?
    - Umuyobozi w’Akarere kanyu yabasuye inshuro zingahe?
    - Wafashe uwuhe mugambi wo kurwanya ubukene?
    - Ahwiii! Cya mahuma cyari kindiye!
    - Za dodo ni imboga ziryoha.
    - Yewe wa mugabo we? Ese wowe nta cyo ibikorwa by’umuganda bikubwiye?
    - Ese ibyo bishoboka bite mwa bagabo mwe ko mutitabira ibikorwa rusage?

    5.2.1. Ikinyazina mbanziriza
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mbanziriza
    Ikinyazina mbanziriza ni ikinyazina gisimbura ijambo ribanjirijwe n’inshinga, ari na yo mpamvu
    kitwa “mbanziriza”. Iki kinyazina gisa     n’ikinyazina nyereka gifite igicumbi-o bigatandukanywa n’uko
    igicumbi     cyacyo gihorana isaku nyejuru (-ô) mu gihe ikinyazina nyereka cyo gihorana isaku nyesi (-o).
    Ikinyazina nyereka kandi cyo akenshi     giherekeza izina.

    Ingero:
    - Uwô nkunda ararwaye.
    - Mwibuke ko ibyô twavugiye mu nama bikwiye kubahirizwa.
    - Abô mwatahiye ubukwe barakeye.
    - Ahô twakoze umuganda hatunganye.

    b) Intego y’ikinyazina mbanziriza
    Intego y’ikinyazina mbanziriza igizwe n’uturemajambo dutatu ari two 
    indomo, indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (D+Rkzn+C).

    c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina mbanziriza n’intego yacyo mu nteko zose.
    E

    5.2.2. Ikinyazina ndafutura (ndasigura)
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina ndafutura
    Ikinyazina ndafutura ni ijambo rijyana n’izina ntirisobanure ku buryo bwumvikana neza uvugwa,
    abavugwa, ikivugwa cyangwa ibivugwa ari     na ho cyavanye izina ryacyo ryo kwitwa ndafutura cyangwa ndasigura.
    Ikinyazina ndafutura kirimo ikigufi n’ikirekire.
     Ikinyazina ndafutura     kigufi nta ndomo kigira naho ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire kigira indomo.

    b) Intego y’ikinyazina ndafutura
    Intego rusange y’ikinyazina ndafutura kigufi ni indangakinyazina
    n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C). Mu gihe ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire cyo intego
    yacyo ari indomo, indangakinyazina n’igicumbi. (D)-Rkzn-C

    - Ikinyazina ndafutura kigufi: Rkzn-C
    Ingero:
    - Undi muntu: u- ndi
    - Indi misozi: i- ndi
    - Andi mata: a- ndi

    - Ikinyazina ndafutura kirekire: D-Rkzn-C
    Ingero:
    - Uwundi mugabo: u-wu-ndi
    - Abandi bana: a-ba-ndi
    - Iyindi mirima: i-yi-ndi

    Ikitonderwa
    - Ikinyazina ndafutura gishobora kwisubiramo. Icyo gihe indangakinyazina na yo yisubiramo.
    Ingero:
    - Yigize undiwundi: u-ndi-Φ-wu-ndi
    - Ayandiyandi: a-ya-ndi-Φ-ya-ndi
    - Ikinyazina ndafutura gishobora kubanziriza izina cyangwa kikarikurikira.
    Ingero:
    Undi munyeshuri araje.
    Umunyeshuri wundi araje.

    c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina ndafutura
    E

    5.2.3. Ikinyazina kibaza
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina kibaza
    Ikinyazina kibaza ni ijambo rigaragira izina, ririherekeza, riribanziriza cyangwa rikarisimbura ;
    kikaba kibumbatiye ingingo yo gushaka     kumenya ibisobanuro, inkomoko, ingano, akarere izina ririmo.
    Ikinyazina     kibaza gishobora kugira indomo cyangwa ntikiyigire.
    Ikinyazina kibaza     kigira ibicumbi bitatu: -he? –ngahe? na –e?

    - Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –he?
    Kijyana n’izina cyangwa inshinga kikaribanziriza cyangwa kikarisimbura kandi kikaribazaho ikintu.
    Kibaza kidasobanuza neza kandi gikunda kukorana n’indomo.
    Ingero:
    - Ni izihe ngamba zikwiye gufatwa?
    - Ni ngamba zihe zikwiye gufatwa?
    - Ni izihe zindi zafatwa?
    - Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –ngahe?
    Kibaza ibisobanuro bijyanye n’ingano y’umubare w’abantu cyangwa ibintu.
    Gikorana n’inteko z’ubwinshi gusa uretse mu nteko ya 12.

    Ingero:
    Mwakoze inama zingahe?
    - Ikinyazina kibaza gifite igicumbi –e?
    Gikorana n’inteko ya 16 no mu nteko z’indangahantu: inteko ya 17,18,19..

    Ingero:
    - Kamana atuye he?
    - Isoko ryanyu ryubatse he?

    b) Intego y’ikinyazina kibaza
    Intego y’ikinyazina kibaza ni Rkzn-C. Gishobora gufata indomo iyo kibanjirije izina cyangwa cyarisimbuye:
    D-Rkzn-C.

    Ingero:

    4

    Ikitonderwa:
    Mu Kinyarwanda, hari andi magambo yitwara nk’ikinyazina kibaza kuko yifitemo inyito yo kubaza.
    Ayo ni nka: ki?, nde?, ese?, ryari?,
    mbese? Ayo magambo si ibinyazina mbaza ahubwo yitwa amagambo abaza kuko atisanisha n’amazina
    bijyanye.

    Ingero:
    - Uyu ni muntu ki?
    - Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yatangiye ryari?
    - Ese (mbese) urahari?

    c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina kibaza

    M

    5.2.4. Ikinyazina nyamubaro
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina nyamubaro
    - Ikinyazina nyamubaro ni ijambo riherekeza izina cyangwa rikarisimbura, kikaba kibumbatiye
    ingingo y’umubare.
    Kigabanyijemo amatsinda arindwi; kuva ku mubare rimwe kugeza kuri karindwi.

    Ingero:
    - Umwana umwe yagiye
    - Abana babiri bagiye
    b) Intego y’ikinyazina nyamubaro
    - Ikinyazina nyamubaro kigira uturemajambo tubiri gusa:
    indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C).
    - Indangakinyazina y’ikinyazina nyamubaro ni nk’iz’ibindi
    binyazina uretse mu nteko ya cumi aho “zi-” ihinduka “e-”.
    - Ibicumbi by’ikinyazina nyamubaro ni birindwi: - mwe, - biri, - tatu,
    - ne, - tanu, - tandatu, - rindwi.

    Ikitonderwa
    - Mu nteko ya cumi, ibicumbi biba : - byiri, - shatu, - nye, - shanu,
    - sheshatu na –(ri)ndwi.
    - Imibare y’inyuma ya karindwi ni amazina si ibinyazina nyamubaro. 
    Bayita amazina nyamubaro kuko aba afite uturango tumwe n’utw’izina ari two indomo, indanganteko n’igicumbi.
    - Ikinyazina nyamubaro gikurikiye izina ribara kuva ku icumi, gisanishwa n’ijambo rivuga ibibarwa ari na ryo rifatwa nk’ikinyazina nyamubaro.

    Ingero :
    - Abana cumi na batatu (batatu ni ikinyazina nyamubaro).
    - Ibiti ijana na birindwi (birindwi ni ikinyazina nyamubaro).
    - Ikinyazina nyamubaro gishobora kandi kwisubiramo. Icyo gihe n’uturemajambo twacyo
    twisubiramo.

    Ingero:
    - Hinjire umwumwe: u - mwe – u - mwe                                    e→Φ/-J
    - Muzane eshateshatu: e - shatu – e - shatu                              u→Φ/-J
    - Ikinyazina nyamubaro gishobora gusimbura izina kigafata indomo bityo kigakora nk’izina.

    Ingero:
    - Ababiri baruta umwe:      a-ba-biri

    - Ubutatu butagatifu:          u-bu-tatu

    c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina nyamubaro

    E

    Ikitonderwa
    Mu Kinyarawanda ntibavuga umuntu wa “rimwe” ahubwo bavuga
    umuntu wa “mbere” kigahita kiba ikinyazina nyamubaro ngerekero.
    Kigaragazwa n’urwunge rw’ikinyazina ngenera +izina ry’umubarwa,
    uretse ko “mbere” yo atari umubarwa.
    Ingero:
    - Umuntu wa mbere
    - Umuntu wa kabiri
    - Umuntu wa gatatu
    - Umuntu wa kane
    - Umuntu wa gatanu
    - Umuntu wa gatandatu

    - Umuntu wa karindwi

    5.2.5. Ikinyazina mboneranteko (ndanganteko)
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mboneranteko
    Ikinyazina mboneranteko ni ijambo rigaragaza kandi rigaha inteko
    amagambo/amazina bijyanye adahinduka. Kerekana ubwinshi bwayo,
    gitubya, gitubura, gikuza... Icyo kinyazina kiza buri gihe imbere y’izina giherekeje.
    Kiboneka mu nteko zimwe na zimwe ari zo nt. 2;7;8;10;11;12;13     na 14.
    Iki kinyazina gikora imbere y’amazina bwite cyangwa amazina rusange adafite indomo n’indangazina.

    b) Intego y’ikinyazina mboneranteko
    Ikinyazina mboneranteko/ndanganteko kigira uturemajambo tubiri ari two indangakinyazina n’igicumbi (Rkzn-C).
    Igicumbi k’ikinyazina mboneranteko ni kimwe gusa   –a gihorana ubutinde

    Ingero:
    - Ba data: ba-a                                   a→Φ/-J
    - za rwarikamavubi: zi-a                 i→ Φ /-J
    - Ba mama: ba-a                               a→ Φ /-J
    - Ba Kangabe: ba-a                          a→ Φ /-J

    Indangakinyazina yacyo iboneka bitewe n’inteko kirimo.
    Ingero:
    - Twa Muhoza tuzaza ryari kudusura? twa: tu-a u→w/-J        nt. 13
    - Ba Rukundo baragukumbuye cyane. ba: ba-a a→Φ/-J         nt. 2
    - Za ruhogo ziracyuwe. za: zi-a                          i→Φ/ -J nt. 1


    c) Imbonerahamwe y’ikinyazina mboneranteko

    W

    M

    5.2.6. Ikinyazina mpamagazi
    a) Inshoza n’uturango by’ikinyazina mpamagazi
    - Ikinyazina mpamagazi ni ikinyazina gituma igihamagarwa cyumva ko bashaka ko kiza cyangwa gitega
    amatwi ngo bakibwire.
    - Kibanziriza izina ry’igihamagawe ndetse rigata indomo iyo riyifite.
    - Iryo zina kandi rikurikirwa buri gihe n’ikinyazina ngenga gifite
    igicumbi –e kandi gifite isaku nyesi, bityo kikagira inyito itsindagiriza.
    - Ikinyazina mpamagazi kiba muri ngenga ya kabiri gusa. Gifata
    ubumwe cyangwa ubwinshi bitewe n’ijambo gisobanura.

    Ingero:
    - Wa mwana we, watashye ko bwije!
    - Mwa banyeshuri mwe, ntimugasibe ishuri.

    b) Intego y’ikinyazina mpamagazi
    Intego y’ikinyazina mpamagazi iteye itya: indangakinyazina n’igicumbi(RKZ-C)

    Ingero:
    - Yewe wa mwana we ugira isuku! wa: u-a u → w/ - J ng. 2 bu
    - Mwa baturage mwe muge mwitabira umuganda.      mwa:
                                                                          mu-a u → w/ - J ng. 2 bw
    Ikitonderwa:
    Akenshi na kenshi, ikinyazina mpamagazi kikabanzirizwa n’akajambo
    “yewe” cyangwa “yemwe” gahamagara.

    Ingero:
    - Yewe wa mwana we, urajya he?

    - Yemwe mwa bagabo mwe ko mwasibye inama?

    Imyitozo
    1. Ubaka interuro ebyiri kuri buri kinyazina wize muri uyu mutwe.
    Garagaza icyo kinyazina ugicaho akarongo.

    2. Tahura ibinyazina biri mu nteruro zikurikira, uvuge ubwoko
    bwabyo nurangiza ubishakire intego kandi ugaragaze amategeko y’igenamajwi.
    a) Abô twahaye umwanya w’ibitekerezo bitwaye neza.
    b) Akandi kagega karuzuye.
    c) Abo bana ni bangahe?
    d) Mu rugo turi abantu umunani, babiri ni ababyeyi bacu, abana
    turi batatu, babyara bacu ni bane kandi tubana na nyogokuru umwe.
    e) Icyô duharaniye twese ni uguteza imbere igihugu.
    f) Uriya mwana yigize uwundiwundi.
    g) Bandi bahe se bamufasha kwigira?
    h) Uwô twigisha agaragaza indangagaciro zo gukunda igihugu.
    i) Izo mushaka ni izihe?
    j) Abana bamwe bigira za masore ngo ntibaba mu cyaro.
    k) Ese wa mwana yaraye aje mwa bagabo mwe?

    V.3.Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
    1. Hanga umwandiko usobanura mu buryo burambuye aho mugani “Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise”
    uhuriye na poritiki y’Igihugu     cyacu yo guharanira kwigira.
    Muri uwo mwandiko werekane aho     iyo poritiki ihuriye no gukunda Igihugu. Muri uwo mwandiko kandi
    hagaragaremo ibinyazina bitandukanye: mbanziriza, ndafutura, kibaza(mbaza), nyamubaro, mboneranteko
    na mpamagazi.

    2. Tahura ibyo binyazina muri uwo mwandiko wahimbye, ugaragaze
    intego yabyo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi yakoreshejwe.

    Ubu nshobora:
    - Gusesengura imyandiko itandukanye ivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko yo gukunda Igihugu.
    - Gusobanura uko ibikorwa byo gukunda Igihugu ari ingirakamaro mu iterambere.
    - Gutahura, gukoresha mu nteruro ndetse no gusesengura ibinyazina
    mbanziriza, ndafutura, (mbaza)kibaza, nyamubaro, mboneranteko n’ikinyazina mpamagazi.
    Ubu ndangwa:
    No kwitabira no gushishikariza abandi ibikorwa byo gukunda Igihugu cyange mparanira kugiteza imbere.

    V.4. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatanu
    Soma umwandiko ukurikira usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.

    Umwandiko: Abishyize hamwe
    Abaturage bo mu Mudugudu wa Tuzamurane bamaze gukora umuganda
    usoza ukwezi bakoze inama iyobowe n’Umukuru w’Umudugudu maze
    bungurana ibitekerezo ku bibazo byugarije umudugudu wabo.

    Umukuru w’Umudugudu:     Baturage b’Umudugudu wa Tuzamurane
    muraho! Mbanje kubashimira ubwitabire mwagaragaje mu gikorwa
    cy’umuganda wo kwiyubakira Igihugu cyacu. Nk’uko bisanzwe, nyuma
    y’umuganda dukora inama. Uyu munsi turungurana ibitekerezo ku cyo
    twakoresha inkunga y’ubudehe twahawe na Leta yacu no ku bibazo
    byugarije umudugudu wacu. Muratanga ibitekerezo, umwanzuro
    urafatwa nyuma. Tudatinze rero ijambo ni iryanyu.

    Mukarwego:     Murakoze kumpa ijambo. Nitwa Mukarwego. Ngewe
    mbona inkunga baduhaye tuzayikoresha tuzana amazi mu Mudugudu
    wacu kuko aho tuvoma ari iyo bigwa kandi namwe mwese muzi ukuntu
    bituvuna kujya mu kabande kuvomayo.

    Minani    : Murakoze. Nitwa Minani. Nge nifuzaga ko iyo nkunga
    twayikoresha mu kubakira abatishoboye dufite mu Mudugudu no
    kubaremera.

    Muhire:     Murakoze. Nitwa Muhire. Muri uyu Mudugudu dufite ikibazo
    cy’abana bata ishuri kubera ubukene bakandagara. Nk’iyi nkunga rero

    ikwiye kudufasha gusubiza abo bana mu ishuri.

    Umukuru w’umudugudu: Abamaze gutanga ibitekerezo bose
    turabashimiye cyane. Ibitekerezo byabo ni inyamibwa ariko tugomba
    guhitamo ikihutirwa kurusha ibindi kuko amafaranga twahawe
    atakemura ibyo bibazo byose icyarimwe.

    Uwamahoro    : Murakoze kumpa ijambo. Nitwa Uwamahoro. Muzi mwese
    ikibazo cy’amazi. Muribuka inkomati ijya ibera mu kabande hariya iyo
    amazi yabuze. Muribuka ko hari n’abajya benda kuhaburira ubuzima.
    None se murumva tudakeneye amazi kurusha ibindi?

    Abaturage bose:     Dukeneye amazi mbere ya byose, dukeneye amazi!
    Umukuru w’Umudugudu: Mutuze twumvikane. Ibyo muvuze
    birerekana rwose icyo mukeneye kurusha ibindi. Ariko ndabona ushinzwe
    ubuzima azamuye ukuboko nk’ufite icyo ashaka kuvuga.

    U    munjyanama w’ubuzima: Umudugudu wacu ufite ibibazo ariko byose
    ntibyakemukira rimwe bitewe n’amikoro y’Igihugu atabonekeye rimwe.
    Nk’uko benshi babyifuje, ntawutazi ko amazi ari ubuzima. Nitugira
    ubuzima bwiza tuzashobora kwiteza imbere. Dukwiye guhitamo amazi,
    ibindi na byo bikazagenda bikemuka buhorobuhoro. Murakoze!

    Abaturage bose    : Yego rwose munjyanama w’ubuzima wacu!
    Umukuru w’Umudugudu: Murakoze baturage b’Umudugudu wa
    Tuzamurane. Muhisemo neza kuko amazi ari isoko y’ubuzima. Tugiye
    kuyazana ariko turasabwa kuyabungabunga. Muzibuke kandi kujya
    muyanywa mubanje kuyateka. Nongeye kubashimira ubwitabire
    mwagaragaje muri iki gikorwa cy’umuganda wo kwiyubakira Igihugu.
    Ndabasaba kandi kuzarushaho kwitabira ubutaha, cyane ko kuri uwo
    munsi tuzataha aya mazi tugiye kuzana mu Mudugudu wacu. Ndabona
    bukeye ibindi bibazo tuzabikemurira mu kagoroba k’ababyeyi ku wa
    Gatatu. Murakoze mugire umunsi mwiza.

    I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
    1. Gahunda y’inama y’uwo munsi yari iyihe?
    2. Erekana mu nshamake ibitekerezo bitandukanye byatanzwe mu
    nama ku gikorwa gikenewe mu mudugudu, unagagaraze ikemejwe muri byo.
    3. Ni iki abaturage bose bo mu mudugudu wa Tuzamurane bemeje
    kuzakoresha inkunga y’ubudehe bahawe?
    4. Sobanura akamaro k’inama zikorwa nyuma y’umuganda.
    5. Sobanura akamaro k’umuganda ku baturage no ku gihugu? 

    6. Umuganda ufite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Sobanura wifashishije ingero.

    II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
    Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko
    1. Iyo bigwa
    2. Amikoro
    3. Kuremera abatishoboye
    4. Inkomati
    5. Bakandagara
    6. Inyamibwa

    III.Ikibonezamvugo
    Tahura ibinyazina biri mu nteruro zikurikira, uvuge ubwoko bwabyo,
    ugaragaze intego yabyo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi yubahirijwe.
    1. Abô twatumiye mu nama habuzemo batatu, abandi barayitabiriye.
    2. Ba data na ba mama batugira inama nziza.
    3. Mwa banyeshuri mwe muge mwubaha abarezi n’abayobozi.
    4. Duharanire gukunda Igihugu, ibindi bintu byaturangaza tubyime amatwi.

    Ibitabo n’inyandiko byifashishijwe
    1. IKIGÔ CY’ÛBUSHAAKASHAATSI MU BY’ÛBUHAÂNGA
    N’ÎIKÔRANABÛHAÂNGA (n.d), Inkoranya y’Îkinyarwaanda mu
    Kinyarwaanda, IRST Butare, Igitabo cya 1
    2. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO NCDC
    (2008). Imyandikomfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa gatanu w’amashuri yisumbuye.
    3. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO NCDC
    (2008), Imyandikomfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye.
    4. INTEKO NYARWANDA Y’URURIMI N’UMUCO (2014). Amabwiriza
    ya Minisitiri no 001/2014 yo ku wa 08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire
    yemewe y’Ikinyarwanda, Kigali.
    5. NSANZABERA, J.D. (2013) Ikeshamvugo mu Kinyarwanda: imvugo
    isukuye, ikeshamvugo ry’amagambo akwiye n’inshoberamahanga
    zisobanuye. Kigali
    6. JACOB I. (1983). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
    Tome premier, Kigali.
    7. JACOB I. (1985). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
    Tome troisième, I.N.R.S, Butare.
    8. Mgr BIGIRUMWAMI, A. (1984). Imihango n’Imigenzo n’Imiziririzo
    mu Rwanda, Nyundo, Troisième édition.
    9. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
    (2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 4,
    Amashami yiga ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
    10. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
    (2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 5,
    Amashami yiga ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
    11. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (2015) Integanyanyigisho
    y’Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri nderabarezi (TTC) umwaka 1,
    amashami ya siyansi n’imbonezamubano.
    12. COUPEZ, A. 1980. Abrégé de Grammaire Rwanda, Tome 1,2. Butare : INRS.
    13. BIZIMANA, S., 1998, Imiteêrere y’Ikinyarwaanda I, IRST, Butare.
    14. BIZIMANA, S., 2002, Imiteêrere y’Ikinyarwaanda II, IRST, Butare.
    15. MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE:
    Ikinyarwanda: umwaka wa munani, Gashyantare 1988. 

    Imigereka
    TWIYUNGURE AMAGAMBO
    Nta byera ngo de”: nta byabaho bidafite inenge na ntoya
    Abasheshe akanguhe: abakuze
    Amakenga: ubushishozi cyangwa impungenge
    Bararurwa: bahindurwa ibirara
    Bwimbitse: busesenguye cyangwa bucukumbuye
    Guhamura umuti: gushaka umuti ukoze mu byatsi.
    Guhomva: Kuvuga ibidafite akamaro.
    Guhuza ubutaka:Guhinga igihingwa kimwe ku butaka bwegeranye.
    Gukinga: Gutega ingabo igatangira imyambi bakurasa.
    Gushengurwa: Kubabazwa n’ibibi ubonye.
    Gushinga imizi: Gukomera, guhama neza.
    Gusongwa: Guhuhurwa. Bishobora ariko no kuvuga (ahandi) gukorwa k’umutsima.
    Gutaha ibigunda: kurara mu binani, mu bihuru.
    Igifura: Umuntu bacyocyora akarakara.
    Imihanda y’imigenderano: Imihanda yo hagati mu midugudu ihuza ingo n’ izindi.
    Ingimbi: Umwana w’umuhungu uri mu kigero k’imyaka iri hagati ya 13 na 16.
    Intambwe: Intera, urwego rw’ umurimo cyangwa igikorwa mu iterambera.
    Intere: Indembe
    Intyoza: Umuntu uhugukiwe mu kuvuga neza akamenya kuryoshya ikiganiro no gusubiza vuba kandi neza.
    Itorero: Ahantu abasore b’ingimbi bajyaga bakigishwa indangagaciro na kirazira by’umuco nyarwanda, n’ibindi
     byose bigamije kubaka     Umunyarwanda uhamye.
    Kubona izuba: kuvuka
    Kumasha: Kwitoza kurasa.
    Kunoza: gutunganya
    Kwarama: gufata igihe cyo kuruhuka by’umugore ukuriwe cyane ategereje kubyara
    Urwaho: akanya ko gukora iki n’iki (guca/kubona urwaho: kuba ubonye akanya ko gukora iki n’iki
    Gufumyamo: kugenda ushinguye intambwe
    Gukeza: gusaba ubuhake
    Kwikota: kwikuba ahantu kenshi utahava
    Kujumarirwa: kuba uri aho usa n’uwumiwe
    Gutona: gukundwa cyangwa kurebwa neza n’umuntu uguhatse cyangwa ugutegeka.
    Irimenanda: b’inshuti z’inkoramutima (akadasohoka)
    Gucumbira: kugirira uruhare
    Gukinga: Gutega ingabo igatangira imyambi bakurasa.
    Gushengurwa: Kubabazwa n’ibibi ubonye.
    Gushinga imizi: Gukomera, guhama neza.
    Gusongwa: Guhuhurwa. Bishobora ariko no kuvuga (ahandi) gukorwa k’umutsima.
    Gutaha ibigunda: kurara mu binani, mu bihuru.
    Igifura: Umuntu bacyocyora akarakara.
    Imihanda y’imigenderano: Imihanda yo hagati mu midugudu ihuza ingo n’ izindi.
    Ingimbi: Umwana w’umuhungu uri mu kigero k’imyaka iri hagati ya 13 na 16.
    Intambwe: Intera, urwego rw’ umurimo cyangwa igikorwa mu iterambera.
    Intere: Indembe
    Intyoza: Umuntu uhugukiwe mu kuvuga neza akamenya kuryoshya ikiganiro no gusubiza vuba kandi neza.
    Itorero: Ahantu abasore b’ingimbi bajyaga bakigishwa indangagaciro na kirazira by’umuco nyarwanda, n’ibindi
     byose bigamije kubaka     Umunyarwanda uhamye.
    Kubona izuba: kuvuka
    Kumasha: Kwitoza kurasa.
    Kunoza: gutunganya
    Kwarama: gufata igihe cyo kuruhuka by’umugore ukuriwe cyane ategereje kubyara
    Urwaho: akanya ko gukora iki n’iki (guca/kubona urwaho: kuba
    ubonye akanya ko gukora iki n’iki
    Gufumyamo: kugenda ushinguye intambwe
    Gukeza: gusaba ubuhake
    Kwikota: kwikuba ahantu kenshi utahava
    Kujumarirwa: kuba uri aho usa n’uwumiwe
    Gutona: gukundwa cyangwa kurebwa neza n’umuntu uguhatse cyangwa ugutegeka.
    Irimenanda: b’inshuti z’inkoramutima (akadasohoka)
    Gucumbira: kugirira uruhare Mugumyabanga udahora mu rushya 

    IMYANDIKO Y’INYONGERA
    Mudakenesha
    Murezi wese w’indahemuka
    Urerera igihugu inyangamugayo
    Ari ko uzihundagazaho ubumenyi
    Butaborerana ntibunahinyuke

    5. Usanzwe witwa NYAMUHIRIBONA
    Mudakenesha turariguhese.
    Shimwa mwungeri utagaramba
    Ushora ahiye ntarumanze
    Uri umubyeyi ubonera abo urerera.

    10. Gumya ubavubire ubujijuke
    Utabagerurira igise cyabwo
    Unagenzura uko babuyora
    Umunezero uhore ugusaba.
    Imihigo yawe uko nayisanze

    15. Isegeka myinshi mu y’imbonera
    Uzira ubugugu ugira urugwiro
    Ashwi nta huriro n’ibishagasha.
    Mugumyabanga udahora mu rushya

    Ishyaka Rugaba yagusendereje


    20. Uhora urigabira u Rwanda rw’ejo.
    Dore urureramo ingabo z’intwaza
    Zigatabarukana imidende
    Zivuga imyato yawe itimba
    Kuko wazigabye unazigaburira.

    25. Erega n’iyo wacyuye igihe
    Imihayo yawe ntita itoto
    Inshuke navugaga zigutaka
    Ishyerezo ziza gutitiba
    Inkoni waziragije ya kibyeyi

    30. Ubwo ikakirwa na bene ibakwe.
    Imyuga uko yakabaye
    Ubukorikori bwose
    Iryo ni ijuri ryawe.
    Umuhinzi uramunyuze

    35. Umworozi arakurahira
    Umucuruzi ,umudereva
    Umuvuzi,umuganga
    Umubaji,umufundi
    Bombi n’umucuruzi

    40. Abahimbyi, abahanzi
    Weguriye iby’inganzo
    Imbumbamutekano
    Abo wananuye ingingo
    Leta abo yigombye

    45. Ishinze imirimo myinshi
    Utagisomesha ibanga
    Utajya kuryandikisha
    Kuko wamuhumuye
    Bose warabaremeye

    50. Kandi ntiwabarembye
    None ni ko gushima:
    Imyama barayiteye
    Yikirijwe umudiho
    Ibicuriro by’intore

    55. Umurishyo si ugusuma
    Umurya unoze w’inanga
    Ni wo wabatuye impanda
    Urwo rwunge rw’impundu
    Zivuzwa n’abahe bawe

    60. Igisagara cy’abeshi
    Bo mu mpugu zose
    Ngo akira iyi nganji
    Ucyuriweho umunyafu
    W’uko ushikurwa ukwawe

    65. Bitadohora umwete
    Cyangwa se ubwo buhanga
    None uhorane ibyambo.
    Inshungu mafubo tubona
    Ushubije ingobyi imugongo

    70. zihamya ko wibyaye

    Zigumane impagarike.

    Insigamugani: Akebo kajya iwa mugarura.
    Uyu mugani waturutse ku muntu witwaga Mugarura wakuranye imico
    myiza nyane, akubitiraho n’ubukire bw’imyaka n’ubw’amatungo. Abantu
    baza kumucaho inshuro, akabereka ikibo cya mugerwa w’umuhinzi,
    umuhingiye yahingura akamuha inshuro y’umuhinzi muri icyo kibo,
    hanyuma akamushyiriramo n’indi y’ubuntu. Abigenza atyo imyaka
    myinshi, n’uje kumusaba inka na we akayimuha, ndetse byarimba
    akamuheta n’indi ya kabiri. Byibera aho, bukeye inshuti ze n’abana be
    baramukuba, bamubwira ko yangiza inka ze n’imyaka ye. Bati “dore
    urimaraho ibintu, ubyangiza, nihacaho iminsi uzasigara umeze ute?
    Ejo uzasanga rubanda bakunyega nta wukureba n’irihumye.” Mugarura
    akumva amagambo yabo akabihorera, ntagire icyo abasubiza; ntihagire
    uwumva ururimi rwe, biba bityo igihe kirekire.

    Bishyize kera, haza umuntu amugerageresha kumushuka, aramubwira
    ati “Mugarura, ubuntu bwawe bwo gutanga utabaze turabwishimira,
    ariko n’ubwo tugushima bwose, gewe nta cyo urampa, none nje kugusaba
    inka eshanu zo kubaga.” Mugarura aramwemerera amuha inka eshanu
    arazijyana. Azigejeje iwe aho kuzibaga arazorora; zirakunda zirororoka,
    ziba amashyo atanu. Rubanda babibonye batyo, barega mugarura
    ibwami ko yangiza ibintu dore ko ibwami uwangizaga inka ze bavugaga
    ko amara inka z’umwami.

    Ibyo bituma umwami amugabiza rubanda baramunyaga, ariko
    inka n’ibintu bye nta muntu wabigabanye, byatwawe na rubanda
    rubyigagabanije

    Nuko ibwami bategeka ko Mugarura atazahabwa umuriro kuko yabaye
    umupfu mu bintu by’ibwami. Mugarura amaze kunyagwa ahinduka
    umukene cyane, abura aho aba n’umugore n’abana be aragumya
    arazerera. Hanyuma atunguka ku muntu wigeze kumuhingira ava mu
    nzu ya kambere ayiha mugarura, asigara mu nzu yo mu gikari. Mugarura
    amaze kubona inzu abamo, rubanda bamenyako yabonye icumbi, abo
    yagiriye neza batangira kujya bagenda nijoro, bamushyira ibintu.

    Ubwo kugenda nijoro batinyaga ibwami. Baramugoboka, bamuzanira
    amafunguro, bamwe mu twibo, abandi mu bitebo. Bigize aho abenshi
    mu bo yagiriye neza bajya kumuhakirwa ibwami baremera bamuha inka
    y’umuriro, rubanda barishima, noneho baza ku mugaragaro bamuzanira
    ibintu byo kumushimira ineza yabagiriye.

    Bukeye wa mugabo wazaga kumushuka ngo amuhe inka eshanu
    zo kubaga yumvise ko Mugarura yabonye umuriro arishima cyane.
    Arazinduka ajya aho Mugarura acumbitse, aramubwira ati: ”Ngize
    amahirwe kuko wabonye umuriro; za nka wampaga zo kubaga uko ari
    eshanu narazoroye, zabaye amashyo atanu, none ngayo amashyo atatu
    nkwituye, nange ndasigarana abiri. Mugarura amushimana na rubanda.
    Barakomeza bamuzanira amaturo y’inka n’imyaka; abadafite imyaka
    myinshi bakamuzanira mu twibo, yubaka imitiba n’ibigega.

    Kuva ubwo umuntu wituye uwamugiriye neza, bati: “Akebo kajya iwa
    Mugarura. “

    Insigamugani: Burya si buno!
    Uyu mugani Abanyarwanda badatuza guca, cyanecyane iyo bacyurirana;
    umuntu awuca iyo abonye urwaho rwo kwigaranzura uwari wamuzambije
    akamubuza amahwemo, cyangwa se iyo ashaka kumvisha ko umuntu
    ari “Mutima ukwe”; ni bwo avuga ngo “Burya si Buno!” Wakomotse
    kuri Burya na Buno bene Rugomwa rwa Maronko mu Gisaka (Intara
    y’Iburasirazuba ); ahagana mu mwaka wa 1400.

    Abo bahungu bombi bari impanga, bakaba bene Rugomwa rwa
    Muronko na Barakagwira ba Numugabo. Rugomwa yari umugesera
    w’umuzirankende; akaba umutware w’umutoni mu b’ingenzi kwa
    Kimenyi Musaya, umwami w’ i Gisaka. Bukeye Kimenyi atoresha
    abakobwa beza bo mu Gisaka, babazana mu rugo rwe rw’i Remera ry’i
    Mukiza (muri Komini Kigarama: Ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngoma) mu
    Gisaka i Mukiza hari nk’ibwami mu Rwanda). Bamaze kuhateranira,
    yohereza abagore bakuru ngo bahitemo abarusha abandi ubwiza, kugira
    ngo bamwe azabarongore, abandi abashyingire abahungu akunda. N’i
    Rwanda ni ko byagendaga; ni ko ibwami barambagizaga.

    Nuko abagore bajya kurobanura abakobwa; babakenyeza impu z’imikane
    babareba imbere n’inyuma, babambika ubusa barabahindagura bareba
    intantu n’ibibero. Umukobwa wa mbere aba Barakagwira ba Numugabo.
    Igihe bakibisiganira, Kimenyi aba arahageze na wa muhungu Rugomwa;
    dore ko yamukundaga cyane. Ba bagore n’abakobwa bamubonye
    abatunguye barikanga. Arabasatira arabaramutsa n’abakobwa bose.
    Ubwo abagore bari bakikije Barakagwira. Kimenyi arababaza, ati: “Ko
    nduzi mukikije uyu mukobwa mwese ni ibiki?”

    Abagore batinya kumubwira ko ari we uruta abandi mu bwiza, kugira
    ngo bagenzi be batagira ipfunwe n’ishyari. Kimenyi na we arabimenya
    aroroshya; ati: “Nimuze mbabaze”. Abajyana mu yindi ngobe; dore ko ibyo
    byagirwaga mu gikari. Bahageze babona kumutekereza ko Barakagwira
    aruta bagenzi be bandi mu bwiza. Ubwo wa muhungu Rugomwa akaba
    arimo aho. Kimenyi arashimikira; ati: “Arabaruta bose koko?” Bati:
    “Arabaruta turakakuroga!” Kimenyi akebuka Rugomwa; ati: “Muguhaye
    wanshima?” Rugomwa ati: “Nagushima mba nkuroga”. Kimenyi ati:
    “Ndamuguhaye uzamurongore”.

    Rugomwa rero arongora Barakagwira, atahirira i Mukiza kwa Kimenyi.
    Barakagwira amaze kurongorwa ntiyazuyaza, ahera ko asama. Igihe cyo
    kubyara kigeze, yibaruka abahungu b’impanga: umwe bamwita Burya,
    undi bamwita Buno. Bamaze gukambakamba, Kimenyi atesha Rugomwa
    ubutware; aramusezerera ajya kuburereramo abana be. Bamaze kuba
    ingaragu, Kimenyi abajyana iwe bareranwa n’abe. Bamaze kugimbuka
    arabashyingira, abaha inka n’imisozi.

    Baba aho, bishyize kera Rugomwa arapfa. Abahungu be basigara mu bye
    babitungana n’ibyabo. Bitinze abantu bo mu Gisaka babagirira ishyari
    barabanga; babateranya na Kimenyi. Na we atangira kubareba nabi.
    Burya na Buno babibonye bagira ubwoba baracika; bamucikira i Bujinja.
    Bamaze kugerayo bakeza umwami waho. Arabakira arabahaka. Hagati
    aho Abanyagisaka bayoberwa aho bacikiye. Birarambanya hashira
    umwaka, ariko bageze aho barabimenya. Babwira Kimenyi, bati: “Burya
    na Buno bari i Bujinja”. Kimenyi yohereza abantu bo kujya kubagarura
    kuko yabakundaga cyane. Bagezeyo barabaririza barababona;
    bararamukanya barashyikirana. Bari bamaze kuba ibikwerere. Intumwa
    zibabwira ubutumwa bwa Kimenyi bw’uko bagaruka iwabo. Bamaze
    kubyumva, Burya arabyemera, Buno araricurika ararahira; yanga
    kugaruka. Burya agarukana n’intumwa, Kimenyi amusubiza ibyabo
    byose, na we Buno yigumira iyo.

    Nuko atindaharirayo, kugeza igihe agwiriyeyo yiseguye ubutindi.
    Rubanda rero rumaze kubona uko izo mpanga zanyuranyije ibitekerezo
    byari mahwi amambere, babikurizaho imvugo yahindutse umugani baca
    bagira ngo: “Burya si Buno!” Bawuca bashaka kuvuga ko umuntu ari
    mutima ukwe; nk’uko abo bahungu babusanyije ibitekerezo kandi bari
    akara kamwe. Ku ruhande baba bashima Burya ku rundi baba bagaya
    Buno. Ariko mu mvugo, bisobanura ko ibihe biha ibindi; ni nk’aho
    umuntu yagize ati: “Birya wangiriraga burya ntishoboye, ubu noneho
    byahindutse!”

    Naho rero iyo umuntu abajije undi ati: “Mbese ni Burya na Buno!” Ubwo
    aba ashaka kumubaza ngo: “Mbese biracyari kwa kundi?” Burya si Buno
    bisobanura umuntu ni mutima ukwe cyangwa se ibihe biha ibindi; nta
    gahora gahanze. Burya na Buno = biracyari kwa kundi ntacyahindutse.

    Igitekerezo: Sakindi
    Umugabo witwa Sakindi yabaye mu rugerero cyane, akajya amara yo
    imyaka myinshi ari ibwami, kuko abakera bajyaga bajya mu rugerero
    ntibatahe n’uwasize arongoye umugore, yasiga yarasamye akazasanga
    umwana yarubatse. Kera rero ababaga mu rugerero ni uko byagendaga
    bagatinda cyane iyo yabaga atagira abazamukura, atagira abo bava inda
    imwe cyangwa bene wabo.

    Uwitwa Sakindi rero ajya mu rugerero atindayo cyane, yarasize umugore
    atwite. Bukeye abyaye, abyara umwana w’umukobwa, uwo mwana
    ararerwa arakura. Amaze kuba umwana w’umwangavu, arabaza ati:
    “Data aba he?” Baramubwira bati: “So yagiye ku rugerero ni ho aba
    ntagira umukura yibera yo”.

    Umukobwa aba aho aramutegereza araheba, bukeye atangiye
    kumera amabere, aherako yigira mu bacuzi. Abacuzi arabinginga
    bamukorogoshoreramo amabere bayamaramo maze rero amabere ye
    arasibangana, agira igituza nk’icy’abahungu. Yibera aho yiga gusimbuka,
    yiga kurasa intego, yiga gufora umuheto, yiga gutera icumu, yibera aho
    aba mu nka za se. Abyirutse rero abyiruka gihungu, ntihagire umuhungu
    umurusha gusimbuka, ntihagire umuhungu ugira icyo amurusha
    kerekeye ku mirimo y’abahungu.

    Akora ibyo atyo, bukeye ajyana n’ingemu zigemurirwa se ku rugerero.
    Atungutse ibwami, aho se acumbitse, aragenda aramubwira ati: “Ndi
    umwana wawe. Kandi kuva navuka sinigeze nkubona nawe ntabwo
    unzi. Ariko byarambabaje cyane kuko wabaye mu rugerero hano, uru
    rugerero ukarubamo utagira gikura abandi bagataha, geho nazanywe
    no kugukura, umurikire umwami unshyire mu rugerero nge mu bandi
    bahungu nge mu bandi batware, maze nkubere mu rugerero nawe utahe,
    wicare iwawe, utunge ibyawe nange nzaguhakirwa.

    Uwo mukobwa rero ni we witwaga Sakindi. Ise rero amubonye abona ko
    abonye noneho umuvunyi, aboneza ubwo aramujyana, amujyana ibwami
    aramumumurikira ati: “Dore umwana waje kunkura mu rugerero
    asubiye mu kiraro cyange asubibiye mu kirenge cyange aho nari ndi,
    mumubane nta kundi nange ndatashye ndasezeye”.

    Umwami aramusezerera ati: “Nta kundi ubwo mbonye umukura se
    kandi hari ikindi?” Nuko aherako aritahira yigira iwe, yitungira inka
    ze yibera aho, umukobwa rero yibera aho na we aba mu bandi bahungu,
    baramasha arabarusha, barasimbuka arabarusha, bigenda bityo, imirimo
    y’abahungu yose arayibarusha, bagiye kurasa intego arabarusha, maze
    Sakindi aragenda aba intwari mu bandi bahungu mu rungano rungana
    na we arabarusha rwose.

    Bukeye abandi bahungu biratinda bakajya mu gitaramo, bakajya
    basohoka bakajya kunyara, na we yajya kunyara akajya kubihisha,
    akajya kure ngo batamubona. Bukeye ibya rubanda bazi kugenzura
    cyane bakomeza kumugenzura, bati: “Uriya muntu; Sakindi tubona
    aho ni umuhungu, aho ntabwo ari umukobwa?” Bukeye bavamo umwe
    aramugenzura aramubona anyara. Amwitegereje, aramureba amenya
    ko ari umukobwa neza biraboneka, amaze kubyibonera aragenda
    ahamagara umwami amushyira ukwe aramwihererana ati: “Aho uzi
    Sakindi, uzi mu rugerero, muzi mu muhigo uburyo aturusha, uzi mu
    isimbuka uburyo aturusha, ukamenya kurasa intego uburyo aturusha?”
    Ati: “Burya bwose abigira ari umukobwa”.

    Undi ati: “Urabeshya ntabwo ari umukobwa umuntu umeze kuriya
    w’umuhungu mu bandi kandi akaba ari intwari ko nta muhungu
    umurusha ibyivugo; ntihagire ugira umurimo w’abahungu amurusha
    rwose uriya ni umukobwa ahajya he?” Ati: “Mubimenye ninsanga ari
    umuhungu ndagutanga urapfa n’inka z’iwanyu zikanyagwa. Ninsanga
    ari umukobwa kandi urabizi uzi kugenzura, uraba waragenzuriye ukuri
    koko.

    Ati: “Nawe uzigenzurire nta kundi”. Barara aho barara mu nkera buracya
    mu gitondo baramukira ku biraro byabo, umwami atumira Sakindi,
    aramwihererana iwe mu rugo, ati: “Umva rero Sakindi, ndagusaba kugira
    ngo icyo nkwibariza nawe ukimbwire kandi nuba ukizi ukimbwire koko”.
    Amwihererana iwe ikambere aramubaza ati: “Uri umuhungu cyangwa
    uri umukobwa?”

    Undi ati: “Ubimbarije iki se? Ko ntananiwe urugerero; nkaba ntananiwe
    itabaro ry’abahungu; nkaba nta kintu kerekeye imirimo y’abakobwa
    wari wabona nkora; icyo ubimbarije ni iki kuvuga ko ndi umukobwa?
    Ni uko ubona ngira ubutwari buke?” Undi ati: “Oya si ibyo nkubarije.
    Ndakubaza uko mbikubajije ndagira ngo nawe unsubize uko biri umbwire
    niba uri umuhungu mbimenye, niba uri umukobwa mbimenye”. Ati: “Ndi
    umuhungu”.

    Abikurikiranya atyo. Ati: “Umva ikimara agahinda ni uko unyambarira
    ukuri, si ukugira ngo wambare ubusa ahubwo unyambarire ukuri ndore”.
    Aramubwira biherereye, ati: “Umva rero noneho aho turi hano, yenda
    n’abandi bantu baratwumva, heza cyane twiherere nkubwire”. Araheza
    basigara mu nzu bonyine.

    Ati: “Ubu rero naravutse. Mvuka ndi umukobwa. Mvukiye mu rugo rwa
    data nsanga atarurimo. Mbajije aho data yagiye, bambwiye ko ari mu
    rugerero rw’ibwami”. Arakomeza ati: “Ndi umukobwa koko. Bakuyemo
    amabere, niga gusimbuka, niga kurasa intego, niga kujya mu muhigo
    niga imirimo y’abahungu bakora yose niga iyo, mbabajwe na data kuko
    yabaye mu rugerero, atagira umukura, ni icyo cyanzanye. Cyakora naje
    ndi umukobwa, ariko rero naje gukura data mu rugerero, nje kubikubwira
    nta wundi wari ubizi, mbikubwiriye icyo ubimbarije”.

    Nuko ati: “Ndagushimiye kuko ubinyemereye, ukaba ubimbwiye kandi
    umbwiye ukuri, ndagira ngo unyambarire ukuri noneho mbirebe nange
    mbyimenyere koko bye no kuba impuha ne no kukubaririza”. Umukobwa
    arabyemera, yambara ukuri nk’uko abimubwiye akuramo imyambaro
    asigara ahagaze gusa.

    Arabireba umwami ati: “Tora imyambaro yawe wongere ukenyere,
    arakenyera arangije gukenyera. Umwami ati: “Ntiwongere gusohoka
    guma mu nzu”. Yibera aho abigeza mu bandi abitekerereza abandi bari
    bakuru. Havamo umwe mu bakuru bari aho ati: “Uwo muntu yarababaye
    rero cyane kandi hirya hari abandi basa n’uwo nguwo, muruzi ko ibintu
    byacitse imusozi, abantu bararushye cyane, washyize abantu mu
    rugerero biratinda bamwe baherana intanga mu mibiri, n’ababyaye
    abana ntibaziranye, ikimenyetso kibikwereka ni kiriya”.

    Wa mukobwa bwije nijoro umwami aramurongora, ati: “Nzagutungira
    icyo kuko wabaye intwari kandi ukaba waragiriye so akamaro ikigeretse
    kuri ibyo kandi uri mwiza sinanigeze nkugaya mu bandi bahungu”.
    Amurongora ubwo atumira se arabimubwira, ati: “Wamumpaye uzi ko
    ari umukobwa?” Undi ati: “Nabonye ansanga ku kiraro ntazi uwo ari we
    napfuye kuguha umwana nzi ko ari uwange gusa.

    Abyeza atyo, aba umugore we, se baramushima cyane kuko yavuye
    mu rugerero atahasize ubusa, kandi akahasiga intwari itunganye,
    nuko umukobwa umwami aramurongora, amugira umugore. Umwami
    agabira sebukwe inka amagana kugeza igihe asaziye mu bye. Ntiyongera
    gusubira mu rugerero ukundi. Umukobwa we aratunga aratunganirwa
    ibya Sakindi birangirira aho.

    Umugani muremure: Muyaya
    Muyaya yari umuntu w’umukene, abyara umwana w’umukobwa mwiza,
    umukobwa abwira se, ati: “Ngiye kuguhakirwa”, ajya ibwami yihundura
    umuhungu. Umwami aramukunda kuko na we yari azi ubwenge.
    Umwamikazi akifuza uwo musore abona ari umuhungu, ndetse
    aramushuka. Amunaniye amurega ibinyoma umwami aramutanga.
    Mbere yo kujya kumwica ati: “mwami nyagasani urebe niba ibyo
    umugore wawe ambeshyera nabishobora.” Yambara ubusa babona ari
    umukobwa, barumirwa. Umwamikazi baramwica. Umwami arongora
    mwene Muyaya umukobwa akira atyo.

    Habayeho umugabo Muyaya aba aho ari inkeho. Bukeye ashaka umugore
    babyarana umwana umwe w’umukobwa gusa. Muyaya akaba yari
    yarabwiye abantu bo hirya no hino, ugiye kumwuhirira inka akamuha
    indi nka, kugira ngo abone amaboko, kugira ngo abone uko atunga izo

    nka kugira ngo yihe amaboko muri bagenzi be mbese agasa n’uwigura.

    Umwuhiriye, umuragiriye, umukamiye inka adahari, akazikuramo
    inka. Bukeye uwo mwana we w’umukobwa amaze kumenya ubwenge
    aramubwira ati: “Dawe nkubwire, dore igihe wavunikiye ndi umwe,
    kandi utunze, nshakira umuheto, unshakire imyambi, ndashaka
    kwambara kigabo ngo nzage kuguhakirwa ibwami, noneho abaja
    bazampa n’abagaragu niba mpabonye ubutoninzaguhemo abashotsi
    n’abashumba.”

    Se Muyaya ati: “Ese mwana wange ko uri umukobwa uzamenya uhakirwa
    abo bashumba ute ngo nzababone, wagumye aha nkazagushyingira ariko
    ntuge guhakwa ko utabishobora?”

    Umukobwa ati: “Nzabishobora.” Se amushakiye umuheto, umukobwa
    atwaye icumu nk’abagabo, mbese yigira nk’umuhungu rwose,
    abamubonye bose bakamwita umuhungu.

    Bukeye umukobwa ati: “Igihe kirageze, njyana ibwami nge kuguhakirwa,
    dore igihe wahereye uge wisigarira mu byawe nange mpakubere.” Ubwo
    se aherako aramujyanye, agezeyo umwami amubonye abona ari umusore
    mwiza wambaye kigabo atwaye icumu, ntiyamenya ko ari umukobwa
    amushyira mu itorero, aba umusore mwiza kandi ari inkumi. Kera
    rero ngo hari abizingishaga amabere na we yari yaragiye kwizingisha
    amabere kugira ngo azakunde akamire se.

    Arakomeza aba umusore mwiza akamenya guhamiriza umwami
    aramukunda, aba mwiza akubitiyeho n’amaraso y’ubukobwa aba
    umusore mwiza koko uteranye. Akamenya gukirana, umufashe
    ntamuheze. Akamenya kwiruka, akamenya gutwara umuheto akarasa,
    akamenya kurasa intego akamasha. Aho bari agahiga abandi, umwami
    akajya amuha inka.

    Umwami aramukunda cyane, kubera ko ari n’urwego rwe, ari umusore
    mwiza, uko umwaka ushize akamuha inka.

    Bukeye ati: “Umva rero Nyagasani, data ni umukene ni inkeho,
    arankunda cyane kandi izi nka mumpa nta muntu agira uziragira,
    ntizigira abashotsi none ntako mwagerageza nkagira icyo ndamiraho
    data?” Umwami ati: “Yewe, ni koko, aho so atuye nzahava nzakubwira.”
    Undi ati: “iii”

    Bukeye ajyana n’uwo musore afata abantu bose bari batuye mu kagari
    uwo se atuyeho, abaha Muyaya; bose abagabiye Muyaya. Ati “Umva
    rero Muyaya aha hategeke, ngaba abashumba, ngaba abashotsi, ngaba
    abahinzi.” Ubwo wa mukobwa aba atangiye gukiza se atyo.

    Ubwo ariko mu itorero umwamikazi akaba amureba, akamureba akumva
    amukunze akibwira ati: “Icyampa uriya musore ngo nzamubyareho
    akana k’agahungu gasa na we, ariko n’iyo namubyaraho agakobwa.”
    Umwamikazi akajya amureba kenshi na kenshi, akamuha inzoga
    y’inturire, iy’inkangaza, agira ngo abone uko amwiyegereza.

    Kubera ko mwene Muyaya yari umukobwa nta gitekerezo kindi yagiraga
    ibyo ntabyiteho ntabigirire umutima. Noneho umwamikazi akibwira ko
    ari ukubura umwanya akabona ko ari no kumutinya.

    Bukeye umwami ajya guhiga umuhigo w’umurara, ihembe rirararitse,
    abahigi bukeye barambaye, imyambi barayityaje, inkota bazikozeho bati:
    “Tuge guhiga”. Kera bavaga guhiga nk’aha bakajya guhiga nk’i Burundi
    (Nyamata – Burundi). Abantu barahagurutse baragiye, bageze ku gasozi
    ko hakurya umwami ati: “Murabizi nibagiwe amayombo y’imbwa zange;
    nihagire ufite imbaraga agende anzanire amayombo.” Bararebana
    bati: “Umusore utite imbaraga ni Mwene Muyaya, ni Muyaya rwose
    ni we ukwiye kujya kuzana amayombo, wowe ndakuzi uri rutebuka.”
    Umukobwa arirukanse, ahageze umwamikazi ati: “Si wowe nabona.”
    Ati: “Ngwino noneho ni wowe nashakaga.” Bageze mu nzu umwamikazi
    aramufata ati: “Ngwino nguhe inzoga.” Undi ati: “Nta cyo nshaka mpa
    amayombo.” Mwene Muyaya ati: “Mwamikazi mbwira icyo ushaka?”
    Ati: “Ngwino ngusasire, nimara kugusasira uge guhiga”. Undi ati:
    “Shwi, ntabwo ari icyo nagenewe”. Umwamikazi na we ati: “Amayombo
    nta yo nguhaye.” Mwene Muyaya abona amayombo aho amanitse, aba
    yasimbutse arayiha arirukanka.

    Yarirukanse umwamikazi ati: “Cyo rero, uriya munyagwa anyumviye
    ubusa.” Yiga uburyo bwo kumwubikaho icyaha kugira ngo umwami aho
    azazira amwice. Ati: “Anyumviye ubusa kandi hari ubwo yazabibwira
    abandi.” Umwamikazi agize inkingi y’intagara y’umwami arayivunnye,
    agize inkingi y’inganona yo arayivunnye, mbese akoze ibintu byo kugira
    ngo yicishe mwene Muyaya.

    Ubwo rero umuhigo uraraye, buracya urasibiye, ku munsi wa gatatu
    umuhigo uraje noneho abagiye gusanganira bahura n’umuhigo uko
    wakaje. Umwami arababaza ati: “Ni amahoro?” Bati “Nta mahoro
    nta yo, umwamikazi ameze nabi.” Ati: “Azize iki?” Bati: “yazize uwo
    mwene Muyaya ngo ni we wamwishe kandi ngo yashakaga ko ajya
    kumusasira noneho umwamikazi yanze, mwene Muyaya asiga aciye
    ibintu aranamuterura amukubita hasi, rwose yaciye ibintu yaragomye.”
    Umwami ati: “ii! Umuvunamuheto ko namukundaga, none nkaba ngiye
    kumwica.” Umwami rero iyo bamubwiraga umuntu wagomye, yabaga
    yamushumbije amaboko yaramwicaga. Arinjira umwamikazi amukubise
    amaso arigwandika ati: “Mwami ngo urebe uko mu nzu bimeze.”
    Aritegereje ati: “Akwiriye gupfa.”

    Yegereye mwene Muyaya ati: “Nibagufate bakujyane iwanyu, ntunshika
    ntuntoroka, usezere so, usezere nyoko, usezere n’umuryango wawe
    uze nkwice.” Undi ati: “iii.” Ntabwo yari azi icyo azira. Aragiye asanze
    nyina na se, areba abantu bamushoreye nk’imbagwa ngo adacika bati:
    “Ese ko yajyaga aza akaza arongoye inka akaza neza, bariya bantu ko
    bamushoreye”?

    Umukobwa yajya kugira icyo avuga abwira se ikinigakikamwica.
    Nyina aramubwira ati: “Shinga icumu turamukanye,
    Mwana wa Muyaya”.
    Umukobwa na we akamusubiza ati:
    “Abakecuru ntimubarirwa
    Mama na Muyaya,
    Genda ubwire data
    Mama na Muyaya,
    Atore indi y’ubugondo
    Mama na Muyaya,
    Ugende wikwere
    Mama na Muyaya,
    Mwene Muyaya agiye
    Kumara urw’ingoma,
    Iby’ibwami biragora
    Mama na Muyaya”.
    Bakamukurikirana, akongera akababwira atyo abura ikindi yabasubiza,
    ariko ubwo bamenya ko agiye gupfa. Bageze ibwami ku Karubanda,
    ubwo se na nyina baje babakurikiye. Umwami ati: “Umva rero nta kindi
    ubu ngiye kukwica”.
    Igihe ngo ashatse kumwicira aho imbere y’umuryango, aho bitaga ku
    gitabo, mwene Muyaya ati: “Ashwi, ntabwo ugomba kunyicira hano,
    ngwino tuge mu gikari”. Bahageze amwereka uko ateye, umwami asanga
    ni umukobwa. Umukobwa ati: “Iyo ujya kuvuga ko nagomye, najyaga
    ku buriri bwawe njya gukora iki? Uwo mugore wawe nari mukeneye ko
    ureba nange ndi umugore nka we?” Umwami araca agwa mu kantu,
    cyo ye? Uyu muntu yari arenganye koko”.
    Umwami ati: “Fata imyambaro yawe wambare”. Umukobwa ati:
    “Ntabwo nambaye nta cyo nambara, abantu bose bambonye, ni ubusa
    nabwambaye na none iyicire”. Abantu bose bati: “Rwose ambara”.
    Nyirasenge arahendahenze ati: “Ambara mwana wange”. Undi ati: “Oya
    ntabwo nambara”. Umwami arabireba asanga umwamikazi ari we ufite
    icyaha gikomeye. Arabasohora aramwica ati: “Ni wowe wiyishe utumye
    nambika ababyeyi b’i Rwanda ubusa” Abwira mwene Muyaya ati: “Injira
    ni wowe mwamikazi”.
    Ingoma ziravuga, Mwene Muyaya ahabwa abaja n’abagaragu arakira.
    Muyaya na we akira atyo, abona abavunyi, abona abashotsi.

    Si nge wahera.

    ◄UMUTWE WA KANE:ITUMANAHO N’IKORANABUHANGA MU ITERAMBERETopic 6►