UMUTWE WA 9: IMITURIRE
Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
- Gusesengura umwandiko ku byiza byo gutura mu midugudu no
kugaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi ziwugize.
- Gusesengura no kwandika ibaruwa mbonezamubano.
- Gusesengura hagaragazwa uturango tw’inkuru ngufi no
kuyihanga.
Igikorwa cy’umwinjizo
Mu Gihugu cyacu usanga abantu batuye mu buryo butandukaye.
Sobanura uburyo bwose ubona abantu batuyemo maze ugire ubwo
uhitamo wumva abantu bagombye guturamo, utange n’impamvuubwo buryo ari bwo uhisemo.
IX.1. Umwandiko: Duture heza
Icyo gihe izuba ryaravaga, mu nzira hari umukungungu mwinshi,
Kagabo umuhungu wa Mukamana na Kagenzi yikoreye isafuriya irimo
amazi. Uko yagendaga byagaragazaga ko afite umunaniro mwinshi
kandi ibitekerezo byamurenze. Kagabo akebuka inyuma ngo arebe aho
nyina ageze abona yamusize cyane atangira kwibaza. Ese mama murinde
cyangwa nikomereze? Reka nikomereze musige. Kuki yemereye data ko
dutura ku musozi twenyine? Sinabonye abatuye mu mudugudu baba
bafite amazi hafi yabo! None nge birirwa bandushya manuka imisozi
ngiye gushaka amazi!
Mu gihe yari akibaza byinshi umuyaga urahuha cyane uzamura
umukungugu mwinshi umuzibiranya mu maso. Bituma asitara ku muzi
w’igiti isafuriya y’amazi yari yikoreye, yitura hasi amazi yose aratemba.
Nyina Mukamana wamugendaga inyuma agiye kubona abona umuvu
w’amazi uratemba ariko arakomeza arazamuka ntiyabyitaho. Yigiye
imbere gato akandagira ikinonko cyatohejwe n’uwo muvu aranyerera
yitura hasi akabindi yari yikoreyemo amazi karameneka. Avana injyo
mu kayira, arimyoza maze azamuka amara masa. Ngo yigire imbere
gato asanga muhungu we Kagabo yicaye iruhande rw’isafuriya irimo
ubusa, akimurabukwa arumirwa. Bamara umwanya baguye mu kantu
ntawuvugisha undi, bigeze aho bagirana iki kiganiro:
Kagabo: Mama byakugendekeye bite ko nta kabindi ufite?
Mukamana: Byangendekeye nk’uko byakugendekeye. Mwana wa, iki
kibazo cyo guhora mpangayikishijwe n’amazi kirandambiye.Kuva ubu ngiye kukiganiraho na so.
Kagabo: Ni byo koko mama mwarimu wacu yatubwiye ko gutura mu
midugudu bituma Leta ishobora kwegereza abaturage ibikorwa
remezo binyuranye birimo n’amazi. Dore ubu tugiye kurara
amazi, numubwira ndagufasha tumusobanurire turebe ko
yabyumva.
Bakomeza kugenda baganira ariko bababaye cyane. Bageze mu rugo
basanga Kagenzi ahinguye ari mu bikingi by’irembo, ahanagura isuka
ye. Baramusuhuza, arabikiriza maze bamubwira uko byabagendekeye.
Mu nzu hari utuzi duke mu kajerekani baradutekesha bagiye kurya
Mukamana yibuka ko nta munyu uhari. Bari batuye bonyine mu mpinga
y’umusozi nta hantu bashoboraga kuwugurira hafi aho. Mukamana
arabarurira babirira aho nta kunyu. Mu gihe baryaga na none Kagabo
aterura iki ikiganiro.
Kagabo: Data, umwarimu wacu yatwigishije ko gutura mu midugudu
bigirira akamaro abahatuye none ndabibonye.
Turaye amazi kubera ko tuvoma kure, turaye umunyu kubera ko
amaduka bawucururizamo ari kure y’aho dutuye. Nyamara iyo abantu
batuye begeranye ibyo byose babibona hafi.
Kagenzi: Mwana wa, wowe sinkubujije uzaturemo ariko nge nzakomeza
nture mu gikingi cya data na sogokuru. Ko bahaturereye
ntitwakuze! Ikibazo cy’amazi gikururwa n’ubunebwe
mwifitemo mushaka kwigira indakoreka! Ababyeyi bacu bari
bazi kuvumbika umuriro nta kibiriti twakeneraga. Umunyu
bawuguraga isoko ryaremye.
Mukamana aramwitegereza ntiyagira icyo amusubiza arakomeza aririra.
Yibuka uko byamugendekeye ku nda ye ya mbere maze kwihangana
biramunanira. Araterura ati: “Ibyo umuhungu wawe akubwira ni ukuri
ushatse wabitekerezaho tukegera abandi mu mudugudu. Wirengagije
ko inda yange ya mbere yavuyemo kubera kubura ivuriro hafi! Sinafashwe
nijoro tukarara tugenda ijoro ryose ikaviramo mu nzira tutaragera
kwa muganga! Nyamara muri buri mudugudu haba hari ivuriro.
N’aho ritari kandi haba hari umuhanda utuma abantu bagerayo mu
buryo bwihuse. Ubu ntituraye amazi! Wanyereka umudugudu n’umwe
utagira amazi? Ubu ntugiye kurarana uburimiro! Iyo tugiye kugura
umunyu cyangwa ikibiriti ntitujya iyo bigwa!”
Nyamugabo ngo yumve izo mpanuro zose agejejweho n’umuryango we
ntiyagira icyo asubiza ariko bimukora ku mutima yibuka ikiganiro
umuyobozi w’umurenge yaherukaga kubagezaho ku ngaruka zo kudatura
mu midugudu abona nta ho zitaniye n’ibyababayeho. Arakomeza
arinumira ariko bimwanga mu nda amara umwanya akibitekerezaho
yongera kuganira na Mukamana:
Kagenzi: Ibyo mumbwiye ni ukuri. Ndakomeza mbitekerezeho
nzabasubiza.
Mukamana: Ntiwabonye uburyo kwa Mutima basigaye barateye
imbere kubera kwegera abandi mu mudugudu! Bafite umuriro
w’amashanyarazi mu nzu, ivuriro ribari hafi, abana babo biga
hafi, itongo ryabo ryatumye bagira umurima munini wo guhinga
basigaye beza bagahunika.
Kagenzi: Ni byo koko. Uzi ko mwarimu wa Kagabo yambwiye ko buri
gihe agera ku ishuri yakererewe.
Mukamana: Naho turamurenganya! Reba nawe umwana umanuka
umusozi akazamuka undi agiye kwiga. Yaza akamanuka
umusozi agasingira akabande agiye kuvoma.
Ijoro ryose Kagenzi yaraye atekereza ku kiganiro yagiranye n’umuryango
we, yibuka agahinda umugore yavuganaga amwibutsa uko inda
y’umwana wabo w’imfura yavuyemo, amarira amuzenga mu maso.
Bukeye ahamagara umugore we amubwirana ikiniga ati: “Mukama!
Muzangaye gutinda ariko ntimuzangaye guhera! Muri iki gitondo ndajya
kureba umuyobozi ubishinzwe ku murenge mugezeho ikifuzo cyacu. Mu
nama iheruka yatubwiye ko mu mudugudu hakiri ibibanza bihagije.”
Kagenzi yazindutse yitegura, ajya ku murenge. Ni we muturage wa
mbere wahageze, bamwakira na yombi, avuga ikibazo ke. Bamushimiye
ko yahinduye imyumvire, bidatinze bamuha ikibanza ku mudugudu.Yacyubatse vuba, ubu we n’umuryango we batuye mu mudugudu.
9.1.1 Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Duture heza” ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwehanyuma uyasobanure wifashishije inkoranyamagambo.
Imyitozo
1. Uzurisha izi nteruro amagambo cyangwa imvugo ukuye mu
mwandiko.
a) Batunguye Kamari bamusabye kwisobanura……………
b) Wa mwana yari yarigize ………………….bamujyana mu
kigo ngororamuco.
c) Bagiye gushaka akazi mu mugi barakabura……………..
d) Zimya uwo muriro imyotsi …………………………….........
e)………………………..ajya gushaka inshuti ye ayibwira
ibyamubayeho abivuye imuzi.
2.Shaka impuzanyito z’amagambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
a) Akebuka
b) Umukungugu
c) Akimurabukwad) Arinumira
9.1.2.Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Duture heza” maze usubize ibibazo
bikurikira:
1. Ni ibihe byiza byo gutura mu midugudu bigaragara mu
mwandiko?
2. Ni gute gutura mu midugudu bishobora gutuma ubutaka bwo
guhinga bwiyongera?
3. Sobanura uko kudatura mu midugudu bishobora kubangamira
ubuzima ndetse n’uburezi bw’abana.
4. Kagenzi yemeye inama yagiriwe n’umuhungu we ndetse
n’umugore we. Tanga interuro ebyiri zibigaragaza zivuye mu
mwandiko.
5. Vuga ibindi byiza byo gutura mu midugudu bitavuzwe mu
mwandiko.
9.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Duture heza” maze usubize ibibazo
bikurikira:
1. Muri rusange, ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa muri uyu
mwandiko?
2. Garagaza ingingo z’ingenzi zivugwa mu mwandiko.
3. Ku bwawe wumva ari ukubera iki byorohera Leta gushyira
ibikorwa remezo mu mudugudu?4. Wakora iki ubonye umuntu ugitekereza nka Kagenzi?
IX.2 Inkuru ngufi
Igikorwa
Ukurikije imiterere y’umwandiko “Duture heza” urasanga uyu mwandiko
ari bwoko ki? Urangwa n’iki? Ibarankuru riteye rite? Abakinankuru ni
ba nde? Kora ubushakashatsi ugaragaze icyo inkuru ari cyo, inshoza
y’inkuru ngufi, uturango twayo, imyubakire yayo n’ishushanyabikorwa
mu nkuru ngufi.
9.2.1 Inshoza y’inkuru ngufi
Inkuru ni igihangano cyanditse mu buryo bw’indondore, kigufi
cyangwa kirekire, gifite abakinankuru bashushanya cyangwa bigana
abantu babaho mu buzima busanzwe kandi bakorera ibikorwa byabo
ahantu runaka, bikanatugaragariza imyifarire yabo, icyo bagamije
n’ingorane bahura na zo mu buzima. Ikivugwa rero akenshi mu nkuru
aba atari ukuri. Inkuru ziri mu buvanganzo nyandiko. Mu Kinyarwanda
rero habaho inkuru ngufi n’inkuru ndende. Aha turareba gusa inkuru
ngufi.
Muri make; inkuru ngufi nk’uko iryo zina ribivuga ni inkuru iba ari
ngufi, ibarwa n’umubarankuru avuga uko yagenze. Inkuru ngufi
ishobora kuvuga ibyabayeho cyangwa ikaba ari inkuru mpimbano ariko
bishobora kubaho.
Inkuru ngufi iba ifite inkuru ibara, uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa, ikaba
yanditse mu nyandiko isanzwe; atari mu mikarago nk’ibisigo, kandi
yifitemo ubwiza n’ubuhanga bw’imikoreshereze y’ururimi.
9.2.2 Ibiranga inkuru ngufi
Inkuru ngufi irangwa n’imiterere yayo, imyubakire yayo ndetse
n’ishushanyabikorwa.
9.2.2.1. Imiterere y’inkuru ngufi
Inkuru ngufi iba ifite: abakinankuru, akabuga nkuru, imvugo
y’ibiganiro, uburebure runaka n’ibarankuru.
a) Abakinankuru
Inkuru ngufi irangwa no kuba ifite umukinankuru mukuru umwe,
abakinankuru bungirije n’abakinankuru ntagombwa.
- Umukinankuru mukuru ni we uba ari ipfundo ry’inkuru. Ni we
ikigamijwe cyangwa intego y’inkuru iba ishingiyeho. Uyu ni we
insanganyamatsiko rusange ivugwa mu nkuru iba ishingiyeho.
- Abakinankuru bungirije ni bo usanga mu nkuru bafasha
umukinankuru mukuru kugera ku kigamijwe cyangwa
bakamubera imbogamizi. Aba bakinankuru kandi ni na bo usanga
insanganyamatsiko nto cyangwa zungirije zishingiyeho.
- Abakinankuru ntagombwa baba bameze nk’indorerezi, Iyo
urebye usanga kuba mu nkuru kwabo cyangwa kutagaragaramo
nta cyo byahindura ku kivugwa mu nkuru. Nta nsanganyamatsiko
iba ibashingiyeho. Mu nkuru ngufi abakinankuru bashobora kuba
abantu cyangwa inyamaswa.
b) Akabuga nkuru
Inkuru ngufi irangwa no kuba hari ahantu ibera mu gihe runaka. Irangwa
no kuba ifite aho ibarirwa; ni ukuvuga akabuga nkuru. Ahantu inkuru
ibera hashobora kuba hazwi neza cyangwa se hatazwi. Ni ukuvuga ko
mu nkuru ngufi umuhanzi ashobora gukoresha akabuga nkuru k’ahantu
habayeho cyangwa akabuga nkuru gahimbano.
c) Uburebure
Inkuru ngufi irangwa no kuba ari ngufi. Ntishobora kurenza impapuro
makumyabiri.
d) Imvugo y’ibiganiro: Inkuru ngufi ishobora nanone gukoresha
imvugo y’ibiganiro.
e) Ibarankuru
Ibarankuru ni kimwe mu biranga inkuru ngufi. Ibarankuru rishobora
gukorwa ku buryo bune:
- Umubarankuru ashobora kubara inkuru na we ubwe akinamo. Ni
muri urwo rwego usanga akoresha ngenga ya kabiri cyangwa iya
mbere.
- Umubarankuru ashobora kubara inkuru ari hanze yayo. Aha usanga
akoresha ngenga ya gatatu asa n’uvuga ibintu yareberaga iruhande
mu gihe byabaga.
- Umubarankuru ashobora kubara inkuru ye ubwe. Ni muri urwo
rwego usanga akoresha ngenga ya mbere kuko ibyo avuga aba
abivuga kuri we.
- Ashobora kandi kubara inkuru yiha gutekerereza umukinankuru.
Mu kubara inkuru kwe usanga yiha kubara ibyo umukinankuru
yatekerezaga igihe amubaraho inkuru.
Ibarankuru ry’inkuru ngufi rigenda umujyo umwe. Umuhanzi
ntavangavanga ingingo, ibikorwa byose bikurikirana mu njyabihe yabyo.
Ikitonderwa:
Umubarankuru atandukanye n’umwanditsi w’inkuru. Umwanditsi
w’inkuru ni umuhanzi wanditse inkuru ibarwa mu gitabo ke. Muri uko
kwandika inkuru ye agena uburyo ibarwa. Muri ubwo buryo ibarwamo
haba hari umuntu ugenda uyibara, uwo akaba ari we mubarankuru.
Cyakora hari igihe umwanditsi ashobora kuba ari na we mubarankuru
igihe abara inkuru y’ubuzima bwe.
9.2.2.2. Imyubakire y’inkuru ngufi
Inkuru ngufi irangwa no kuba hari ikivugwa, kuba ari ngufi no kuba hari
uburyo ibikorwa bikurikirana kandi bigenda bitera amatsiko usoma ku
buryo atarambirwa gusoma inkuru ibarwa. Nk’uko twabibonye inkuru
ngufi irangwa no kugira abakinankuru. Abo bakinankuru, cyanecyane
umukinankuru mukuru, ni bo ibikorwa bishingiraho mu kubaka inkuru.
Umukinankuru mukuru n’abakinankuru bungirije bashinzwe kuyobora
imigendekere y’ibikorwa byo mu nkuru kugeza ku mpera yayo.
9.2.2.3. Ishushanyabikorwa mu nkuru ngufi
Inkuru iyo ari yo yose irangwa no kuba ishobora gukorerwa
ishushanyabikorwa:
a) Nyiri ubwite: uyu ni we mukinankuru mukuru inkuru iba
ishingiyeho, ni we uba ufite intego agamije kugeraho muri iyo
nkuru. Aba ashobora kuyigeraho cyangwa ntayigereho.
b) Ikigamijwe: ni icyo umukinankuru mukuru aba agamije
kugeraho mu nkuru. Ni intego aba yahawe n’umwanditsi
w’inkuru.
c) Ugenera: ni igituma umukinankuru mukuru agira intego afite
muri iyo nkuru. Ashobora kuba undi mukinankuru cyangwa
ikindi kintu gishobora gutuma agira intego runaka.
d) Ugenerwa: nu yandi magambo ni nyiri inyungu; ni uwo ari we
wese mu nkuru wagira icyo yunguka mu gihe umukinankuru
mukuru ageze ku cyo yari agamije mu nkuru.
e) Abafasha: ni abakinankuru cyangwa ikindi kintu gishobora,
mu nkuru, gutuma umukinankuru mukuru agera ku cyo yari
agamije, cyangwa ikigerageza kumushyigikira mu rugendo
rwe rwose kimufasha, kabone n’iyo atakigeraho mu irangira
ry’inkuru.
f) Imbogamizi: ni abakinankuru cyangwa ikindi kintu gishobora,
mu nkuru, gutuma umukinankuru mukuru atagera ku cyo yari
agamije, cyangwa ikigerageza kumubangamira mu rugendo rwe
rwose kimubuza amahirwe kabone nubwo yagera ku cyo yari
agamije mu irangira ry’inkuru, ariko kikaba cyamubangamiraga.Dore uko ishushanyabikorwa ry’abakinankuru riteye ku gishushanyo.
Umwitozo
Jya mu isomero ry’ikigo, usome inkuru ngufi wihitiyemo
hanyuma uyisengure ugaragaza imiterere yayo, imyubakire yayon’ishushanyabikorwa ryayo.
IX.3 Umwandiko: Ibikorwa remezo byaratwegereye
9.3.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Soma umwandiko “Ibikorwa remezo byaratwegereye” ushakemo
amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma uyasobanure wifashishije
inkoranya.
Umwitozo
Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro zumvikanisha neza icyo
asobanura:
a) Masenge
b) Amazi y’urubogobogo
c) Umuharuro
9.3.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko“Ibikorwa remezo byaratwegereye”, hanyuma
usubize ibibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni nde wanditse ibaruwa?
2. Uwanditse ibaruwa atuye he?
3. Yayandikiye nde?
4. Ni ibiki uwanditse ibaruwa yishimiye yashakaga kumenyesha
uwo yandikiye?
9.3.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko“Ibikorwa remezo byaratwegereye”, usubize
ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Hari ibyiza bivugwa mu mwandiko bigaragara aho utuye? Ni
ibihe?
2. Sobanura imiturire y’aho utuye n’icyo wakora kugira ngo itereimbere.
IX.4 Ibaruwa mbonezamubano
Igikorwa
Ongera usome umwandiko “Ibikorwa remezo byaratwegereye”,
witegereze imiterere yawo maze utahure ubwoko bwawo. Kora
ubushakashatsi utahure inshoza n’uturango by’ibaruwa mbonezamubano.
1. Inshoza y’ibaruwa mbonezamubano
Ibaruwa mbonezamubano bakunze kwita ibaruwa isanzwe cyangwa
ya gicuti, ni ibaruwa umuntu yandikira umubyeyi, umuvandimwe we,
inshuti … agamije kumubwira cyangwa kumubaza amakuru. Uwandika
ibaruwa abwira uwo yandikira nkaho bari kumwe, ibyo yakamubwiye
akabyandika ku rupapuro. Kuko urupapuro ruba ari ruto, umuntu
wandika ibaruwa agomba kuvuga iby’ingenzi, nta kurondogora.
2. Ibiranga ibaruwa mbonezamubano
Ibaruwa mbonezamubano irangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
a) Aderesi y’uwanditse: amazina y’uwanditse n’aho abarizwa.
b) Ahantu yandikiwe n’itariki: uwandika agaragaza aho yanditse
ari n’itariki
c) Uwandikiwe: uwandika agaragaza isano afitanye n’uwo yandikiye.
Uwandika ashobora no kongeraho amazina y’uwandikiwe.
d) Indamutso: uburyo uwanditse asuhuza uwo yandikiye.
e) Ubutumwa nyirizina bw’ibaruwa: bukubiyemo ibyo baganiraho
muri rusange.
f) Umusozo: ugaragaramo gusezera n’intashyo.
g) Izina ry’uwanditse n’umukono we: uwanditse ibaruwa
mbonezamubano asoza yandika amazina ye agashyiraho
n’umukono.
Umwitozo
Andika ibaruwa mbonezamubano uyandikire umuntu wihitiyemo mubavandimwe cyangwa inshuti.
IX.5 Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
Hanga inkuru ngufi ku nsanganyamatsiko wihitiyemo ifite nibura
impapuro icumi kandi yubahirije ibiranga inkuru ngufi byose. Mu gihe
uyirangije, yikorere ishushanyabikorwa ryayo.
Ubu nshobora:
- Gusobanurira abandi ibyiza byo gutura mu midugudu.
- Gusesengura no guhanga inkuru ngufi ngendeye ku
turango twayo.
- Gusesengura no kwandika ibaruwa mbonezamubano.
Ubu ndangwa no:
Gusobanurira abantu ibyiza byo gutura mu mudugu.
IX.6.Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kenda
Umwandiko: Uruhare rw’imiturire mu mibereho y’abaturage
Hari nyuma y’inama y’abaturage yo gukangurirwa akamaro ko
gutura mu mudugudu, maze Muhire yegera Gahongayire, impuguke
mu by’imiturire, amusobanuza kurushaho ibijyanye n’iyo gahunda
n’imbogamizi ziboneka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Gahongayire amubwira ko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe usanga abaturage
batajya imbizi n’abayobozi bitewe n’uko Leta ishyiraho igishushanyo
mbonera k’imiturire nticyubahirizwe. Ibyo bikaba bikunda kuba mu
migi. Aho abakiri bato bibwira ko mu migi ari ho haboneka amaronko,
dore ko mu cyaro haba hari ubukene buturuka ku bwiyongere bukabije
bw’abaturage butuma amasambu agabanuka mu gihe ayo masambu
ari yo bakuramo amaramuko. Iyo bahageze, kubera ko amacumbi aba
akosha ndetse n’ibindi bikenewe, bituma buri wese aharanira gutunga
inzu ye. Aho yabona hose mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose ahubaka inzu
ijyanye n’ubushobozi bwe. Ibyo bigakorwa atitaye ku gishushanyo
mbonera cy’aho hantu ndetse n’amategeko y’imiturire.
Gahongayire yakomeje avuga ko kubera ubwiyongere butajyanye
n’amikoro y’abaturage, bituma uwubaka atanyura mu nzira zateganyijwe.
Hari n’abarara bubaka ijoro ryose cyangwa bacungana n’abayobozi
kuko batabibemerera. Hari n’abajyaga bubaka mu kajagari kugira ngo
nihazashyirwa ibikorwa remezo nk’umuhanda, amashuri, amavuriro
n’ibindi, Leta izabahe ingurane z’ibyangijwe. Ibyo ariko ntibikwiye
Umunyarwanda w’inyangamugayo. Ibyo byaba ari ukuvangira ubuyobozi
bushinzwe kurebera abaturage imibereho n’iterambere bikwiye.
Iyo miturire itagendeye kuri gahunda ya Leta ni yo ibyara akajagari.
Nyamara buri wese wubaka yitabiriye gutura ku mudugudu yaba
yirinze ibyago byinshi bituruka ku gutura mu kajagari. Buri muntu wese
akwiye kubigira ibye, agaharanira gutura ku mudugudu kandi ku buryo
buboneye. Gutura mu kajagari bituma abantu badatana n’indwara,
bakibasirwa n’ibiza bya hato na hato, kwivuza ku buryo bugoye,
umutekano muke, hatirengagijwe ko n’iyo nzu ishobora gusenywa mu
gihe bigaragara ko ubuzima bw’abayituyemo buri mu kaga kandi nyirayo
ntahabwe ingurane.
Indwara nyinshi zihiganje usanga ari iziterwa n’umwanda, indwara
z’uruhu n’izifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero nk’igituntu, umusonga
n’izindi. Akenshi ziterwa n’uko umuntu aba yubatse mu kajagari,
inzu itujuje ibyangombwa, nko kuba idakoreye isuku, nta madirishya,
idasakaye neza, rimwe na rimwe ikaba idafite ahashyirwa imyanda. Hari
n’izindi ndwara nka marariya iterwa n’umubu wororokera cyane mu
bizenga by’amazi. Umuntu utuye atyo, iyo yibasiwe n’indwara usanga
kwivuza bigorana kandi bikamutwara byinshi akenshi aba atanafite
kuko iyo urugo rufite umurwayi, umuryango ugomba kumukurikirana
no kumwitaho.
Gahongayire yasoje abwira Muhire ko abantu bose bagira inyungu
nyinshi mu kwitabira gutura ku mudugudu kuko ibikorwa remezo
bibageraho ku buryo bworoshye kandi bakajyana na gahunda zose
z’iterambere Igihugu cyacu gishyize imbere.
Muhire na we yamubwiye ko asobanukiwe kurushaho ibyiza byo gutura
ku mudugudu n’akaga abatabyitabira ndetse n’abatura mu kajagari
bashobora guhura na ko. Yamushimiye izo mpanuro nziza amuhaye,
anamubwira ko na we agiye kuba intumwa nziza, akazakomeza
kubisobanurira abandi bakiri inyuma mu myumvire.
I. Kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ni abahe banyarubuga bavugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Shaka mu mwandiko impamvu zishobora gutera abaturage kubaka
badakurikije igishushanyo mbonera.
3. Erekana ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’imiturire y’akajagari.
4. Wakora iki mu ruhande rwawe kugira ngo imiturire mibi icike?
5. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
6. Garagaza ingingo z’ingenzi zivugwa muri uyu mwandiko.
II. Inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko.
a) Impuguke
b) Batajya imbizi
c) Amaronko
d) Amaramuko
e) Akosha
2. Koresha mu nteruro amagambo akurikira:
a) Ingurane
b) Akajagari
c) Imyumvire
d) Kwibasirwa
e) Intumwa
III. Ibibazo ku nkuru ngufi no ku ibaruwa mbonezamubano
1. Erekana ibiranga inkuru ngufi werekane n’ishushanyabikorwa
mu nkuru ngufi.
2. Andikira umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ibaruwambonezamubano wubahiriza uturango twayo.
IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE
1. IKIGÔ CY’ÛBUSHAAKASHAATSI MU BY’ÛBUHAÂNGA
N’ÎIKÔRANABÛHAÂNGA (n.d), Inkoranya y’Îkinyarwaanda
mu Kinyarwaanda, IRST Butare, Igitabo cya 1
2. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO
NCDC (2008). Imyandiko mfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa gatanu
w’amashuri yisumbuye.
3. IKIGO K’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO
NCDC (2008), Imyandiko mfashanyigisho, Umwaka wa
gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye.
4. INTEKO NYARWANDA Y’URURIMI N’UMUCO (2014).
Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri no 001/2014 yo ku wa 08/10/2014
agenga imyandikire yemewe y’Ikinyarwanda, Kigali.
5. NSANZABERA, J.D. (2013) Ikeshamvugo mu Kinyarwanda:
imvugo isukuye, ikeshamvugo ry’amagambo akwiye
n’inshoberamahanga zisobanuye. Kigali
6. JACOB I. (1983). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
Tome premier, Kigali.
7. JACOB I. (1985). Dictionnaire Rwandais-Français en 3 volumes,
Tome troisième, I.N.R.S, Butare.
8. Mgr BIGIRUMWAMI, A. (1984). Imihango n’Imigenzo
n’Imiziririzo mu Rwanda, Nyundo, Troisième édition.
9. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
(2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 4,
Amashami yiga Ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
10. MINISTRY OF EDUCTION-RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD
(2019), Ikinyarwanda, Amashuri y’isumbuye, umwaka wa 5,
Amashami yiga ikinyarwanda nk’isomo rusange.
11. RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD (2015) Integanyanyigisho
y’Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri nderabarezi (TTC) umwaka 1,
amashami ya Siyansi n’uburezi n’imbonezamubano n’uburezi.
12. COUPEZ, A. 1980. Abrégé de Grammaire Rwanda, Tome 1,2.
Butare : INRS.
13. BIZIMANA, S., 1998, Imiteêrere y’Îkinyarwaanda I, IRST,
Butare.
14. BIZIMANA, S., 2002, Imiteêrere y’ kinyarwaanda II, IRST,
Butare.
15. MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE:Ikinyarwanda: umwaka wa munani. Gashyantare 1988.
IMIGEREKA
TWIYUNGURE AMAGAMBO
Abacengeri: ni abantu b’ibikomangoma babaga berewe n’indagu
z’ibwami bakajya mu gihugu bashaka gutera bakagenda batarwana
ariko biyenza bakagwayo. Bizeraga ko amaraso yabo atera umwaku icyo
gihugu bikabaha uburyo bwo kukigarurira.
Abahigi: abantu b’abahanga mu guhiga
Abasheshe akanguhe: abakuze
Abatabazi: ni abantu bagenewe kujya ku rugamba. Ahandi bishobora
kuvuga ko ari abantu batabara abandi.
Abatasi: abantu bagenzura rwihishwa umuntu/igihugu bashaka gutera.
Abyumva nk’ejo: abyumva mu buryo bwihuse, abyumva vuba.
Akanunu: agakuru umuntu yumvana abandi kerekeye akarere umuntu
cyangwa ikintu biherereyemo cyangwa inkuru iyo ari yo yose ihwihwiswa
itaraba gikwira.
Akimurabukwa: akimubona.
Ako ku mugongo w’ingona: urumogi cyangwa kanabisi.
Amakenga: ubushishozi cyangwa impungenge.
Amaniga: ni imvugo nyandagazi isobanura bagenzi bawe, urungano.
Amapfa: igihe imvura yabuze hagacana izuba ryinshi rikangiza ibimera.
Amazeze: kwizera ikintu kitazaboneka.
Amwime ikico: amwime umwanya wo gukora ikintu runaka.
Anyihunza: agenda amva iruhande, agenda yigirayo.
Aramutwama: amubwira nabi amubuza kuvuga.
Aratemba: arashoka.
Aratinya: aguma mu rugo kuko yari akiri umugeni.
Bakamutsembera : bakamuhakanira bivuye inyuma.
Bakanirwe urubakwiye: bahabwe igihano kingana n’uburemere
bw’ibibi bakoze.
Bakayihanika: bakayishyiraho igisenge bakoze.
Bamuhwitura: bamwibutsa ari nako bamutera umwete wo gukora ibyo
ashinzwe.
Bamutata: bamugenzura kugira ngo bamutere cyangwa bamugirire
nabi.
Barahwanya: barahuza neza.
Bararurwa: bahindurwa ibirara.
Basakiranye: bahuye umwe atari yabonye undi.
Bazabafate mpiri: bazabafate babatunguye/ bazabagwe gitumo.
Bimwanga mu nda: ntiyatuza.
Bwimbitse: busesenguye cyangwa bucukumbuye.
Byahumanya: byakwanduza bigatera indwara.
Guca ibintu: kwangiza ibintu cyane
Gufora umuheto: gukurura injishi n’umuheto cyane cyane ushaka
kurasa.
Guhamura umuti: gushaka umuti ukoze mu byatsi.
Gukinga ingabo: kwikinga igikoresho bakoresha bikingira amacumu
n’imyambi mu gihe barwana
Gukumira:guhagarika ikintu ukakibuza gukwirakwira.
Gukusanyiriza: guhuriza hamwe
Gupfundura amabere: gutangira gupfundura .
Hahanda: hababaza, hagirira abantu nabi.
Ibikorwa remezo: ibikorwa by’ibanze nk’amazi, amashanyarazi,
amavuriro, amasoko…
Ibiyobyabwenge: ni ibintu byose ushobora kunywa, guhumeka,kwitera
mu mubiri cyangwa ushobora kurya bikaba byahindura imikorere
y’umubiri wawe bikaba byawangiza kandi bigatera indwara. Mu yandi
magambo ibiyobyabwenge, ni ibintu byose iyo byinjijwe mu mubiri
w’umuntu hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, bishobora guhindura
imikorere y’ubwonko n’imyanya y’ibyiyumviro ntikore neza, bigatuma
umuntu ahindura imyifatire mu buryo budahwitse.
Icyomanzi: izina baha umuntu w’urubyiruko ugenda araraguzwa
cyangwa wigize inzererezi kandi akaba afite imyitwarire ikemangwa.
Iduhundagazaho: iduha ku bwinshi.
Igicibwa: uwo bose baha akato.
Ikinonko: ikibumbe k’igitaka cyafatanye kubera izuba.
Ikiremo: igice cy’umwenda basanisha umwambaro wacitse
Impuha: inkuru zitari zo.
Impuzu: umwambaro ukozwe mu gishishwa cy’umuvumu abakera
bambaraga.
Imvo n’imvano: intandaro , inkomoko.
Imyambi ndayisukiranya: imyambi nyirasa ubutitsa, ubutaruhuka.
Ingimbi: umwana w’umuhungu uri mu kigero kiri hagati y’imyaka cumi
n’itatu na cumi n’itandatu.
Injyo: ikibaru kiva ku nkono cyangwa ikibindi cyamenetse.
Inkangu: ahantu haridutse hagacika igikuku, umukingo w’ubutaka
bwakushumuwe n’amazi.
Insanganyamatsiko: ingingo nyamukuru iba igiye kuvugwaho.
Intere: indembe, umuntu wanoze wenda gupfa.
Intore: abantu bafite umuco mbese buje indangagaciro na kirazira.
Inturo: icumbi.
Ipfundo: ishingiro.
Isata: umuyaga mwinshi uzamura amazi y’ikiyaga akazamuka ameze
nk’urufuro. Abanyarwanda bo hambere bavugaga ko ari inzoka nini iba
yaje kunywa amazi mu kiyaga nyuma ikazamukana imbaraga nyinshi.
Mu mvugoshusho babivugira ku muntu ufite icyo arusha abandi.
Ise: indwara ifata uruhu rukagenda rusa n’ urweruruka.
Iyo riterwa inkingi: kure cyane.
Ku isonga: cya mbere.
Kubona izuba: kuvuka.
Kuganda: kunebwa, kudeha.
Kugondozwa: kwimwa umwanya wo gukora ikintu runaka.
Kukeburwa: gucyahwa no kugirwa inama kugira ngo umuntu areke
amakosa yakoraga.
Kumasha: kurasa witoza kuboneza
Kunganira: gufasha.
Kunoza: gutunganya.
Kurambika inda ku muyaga: kwiruka ubutarora inyuma, kwiruka
cyane.
Kuvumbika: kurundarunda umuriro cyangwa kuwushyiramo ikintu
gitinda gukongoka ngo utazima.
Kuzibukira: kwihinda cyangwa gukikama icyo bateye cyangwa bagira
ngo bagukubite kigaca ku ruhande.
Kuzimanira: guha umuntu icyo anywa n’icyo arya.
Kwitamanzura: gukwira ahantu henshi/ kumenywa n’abantu benshi.
Mpobagurika: nyobagurika.
Mu gahinga:igice cy’umusozi gitumburutse.
Mu gikombe: ahantu hari ikena hagati y’imisozi.
Mu Mpeshyi: mu Ki/mu gihe k’izuba ryinshi.
Murandasi : inzira cyangwa umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga amakuru
anyuramo ava ku bantu bamwe ajya ku bandi.
Mutindi: mubi, ugira nabi.
Nta byera ngo de: nta byabaho bidafite inenge na ntoya.
Ntibica ishati: ntibigoye na busa.
Rirabacuza: ribatwara ibyabo.
Riravuza ubuhuha: rikabije gutuma abantu bamererwa nabi.
Twakondewe: twahangiwe, twateguriwe.
Uburimiro: igitaka gifata ku maguru y’uwahinze cyangwa ku isuka
yahingishijwe.
Uburoko: ahantu bafungira abantu, gereza, muri kasho.
Uharaze: ufite ari byinshi, bikuranga.
Umuhigo: inyamaswa bishe bahiga
Umusubizo: mu buryo bwihuta, ari nyinshi.
Umutsindo: insinzi cyangwa ubuneshe bw’icyarwanaga n’ikindi
Umutware: umuyobozi cyangwa ukuriye abandi mu muryango cyangwa
mu buyobozi runaka.
Umuviye: ijambo ryo mu mvugo nyandagazi rikomoka ku rurimi
rw’igifaransa risobanura umuntu ukuze, umusaza.
Umuvu: amazi ashoka ku butaka ari menshi.
Umuzibirinya: umwuzura mu maso umubuza kureba.
Umwangavu : umukobwa umaze gupfundura amabere.
Uruhando mpuzamahanga: ihuriro ry’ibihugu byinshi.
Wana: ijambo ryo mu mvugo nyandagazi rifite inyito ya shahu.
Yandagaye: atagira umwitaho.
Yaratanze: yarapfuye.
IMYANDIKO Y’INYONGERA
Mudakenesha
Murezi wese w’indahemuka
Urerera igihugu inyangamugayo
Ari ko uzihundagazaho ubumenyi
Butaborerana ntibunahinyuke
5. Usanzwe witwa NYAMUHIRIBONA
Mudakenesha turariguhese.
Shimwa mwungeri utagaramba
Ushora ahiye ntarumanze
Uri umubyeyi ubonera abo urerera.
10. Gumya ubavubire ubujijuke
Utabagerurira igise cyabwo
Unagenzura uko babuyora
Umunezero uhore ugusaba.
Imihigo yawe uko nayisanze
15. Isegeka myinshi mu y’imbonera
Uzira ubugugu ugira urugwiro
Ashwi nta huriro n’ibishagasha.
Mugumyabanga udahora mu rushya
Ishyaka Rugaba yagusendereje
20. Uhora urigabira u Rwanda rw’ejo.
Dore urureramo ingabo z’intwaza
Zigatabarukana imidende
Zivuga imyato yawe itimba
Kuko wazigabye unazigaburira.
25. Erega n’iyo wacyuye igihe
Imihayo yawe ntita itoto
Inshuke navugaga zigutaka
Ishyerezo ziza gutitiba
Inkoni waziragije ya kibyeyi
30. Ubwo ikakirwa na bene ibakwe.
Imyuga uko yakabaye
Ubukorikori bwose
Iryo ni ijuri ryawe.
Umuhinzi uramunyuze
35. Umworozi arakurahira
Umucuruzi ,umudereva
Umuvuzi,umuganga
Umubaji,umufundi
Bombi n’umucuruzi
40. Abahimbyi, abahanzi
Weguriye iby’inganzo
Imbumbamutekano
Abo wananuye ingingo
Leta abo yigombye
45. Ishinze imirimo myinshi
Utagisomesha ibanga
Utajya kuryandikisha
Kuko wamuhumuye
Bose warabaremeye
50. Kandi ntiwabarembye
None ni ko gushima:
Imyama barayiteye
Yikirijwe umudiho
Ibicuriro by’intore
55. Umurishyo si ugusuma
Umurya unoze w’inanga
Ni wo wabatuye impanda
Urwo rwunge rw’impundu
Zivuzwa n’abahe bawe
60. Igisagara cy’abeshi
Bo mu mpugu zose
Ngo akira iyi nganji
Ucyuriweho umunyafu
W’uko ushikurwa ukwawe
65. Bitadohora umwete
Cyangwa se ubwo buhanga
None uhorane ibyambo.
Inshungu mafubo tubona
Ushubije ingobyi imugongo
70. zihamya ko wibyaye
Zigumane impagarike.
Insigamugani: Akebo kajya iwa mugarura.
Uyu mugani waturutse ku muntu witwaga Mugarura wakuranye imico
myiza nyane, akubitiraho n’ubukire bw’imyaka n’ubw’amatungo. Abantu
baza kumucaho inshuro, akabereka ikibo cya mugerwa w’umuhinzi,
umuhingiye yahingura akamuha inshuro y’umuhinzi muri icyo kibo,
hanyuma akamushyiriramo n’indi y’ubuntu. Abigenza atyo imyaka
myinshi, n’uje kumusaba inka na we akayimuha, ndetse byarimba
akamuheta n’indi ya kabiri. Byibera aho, bukeye inshuti ze n’abana be
baramukuba, bamubwira ko yangiza inka ze n’imyaka ye. Bati: “Dore
urimaraho ibintu, ubyangiza, nihacaho iminsi uzasigara umeze ute? Ejo
uzasanga rubanda bakunnyega ntawukureba n’irihumye.” Mugarura
akumva amagambo yabo akabihorera, ntagire icyo abasubiza; ntihagire
uwumva ururimi rwe, biba bityo igihe kirekire.
Bishyize kera, haza umuntu amugerageresha kumushuka, aramubwira
ati: “Mugarura, ubuntu bwawe bwo gutanga utabaze turabwishimira,
ariko nubwo tugushima bwose, gewe nta cyo urampa, none nje kugusaba
inka eshanu zo kubaga.” Mugarura aramwemerera amuha inka eshanu
arazijyana. Azigejeje iwe aho kuzibaga arazorora; zirakunda zirororoka,
ziba amashyo atanu. Rubanda babibonye batyo, barega Mugarura
ibwami ko yangiza ibintu dore ko ibwami uwangizaga inka ze, bavugaga
ko amara inka z’umwami.
Ibyo bituma umwami amugabiza rubanda baramunyaga, ariko
inka n’ibintu bye nta muntu wabigabanye, byatwawe na rubanda
rubyigagabanije.
Nuko ibwami bategeka ko Mugarura atazahabwa umuriro kuko yabaye
umupfu mu bintu by’ibwami. Mugarura amaze kunyagwa ahinduka
umukene cyane, abura aho aba n’umugore n’abana be aragumya
arazerera. Hanyuma atunguka ku muntu wigeze kumuhingira ava mu
nzu ya kambere ayiha Mugarura, asigara mu nzu yo mu gikari. Mugarura
amaze kubona inzu abamo, rubanda bamenyako yabonye icumbi, abo
yagiriye neza batangira kujya bagenda nijoro, bamushyira ibintu.
Ubwo kugenda nijoro batinyaga ibwami. Baramugoboka, bamuzanira
amafunguro, bamwe mu twibo, abandi mu bitebo. Bigize aho abenshi
mu bo yagiriye neza bajya kumuhakirwa ibwami baremera bamuha inka
y’umuriro, rubanda barishima, noneho baza ku mugaragaro bamuzanira
ibintu byo kumushimira ineza yabagiriye.
Bukeye wa mugabo wazaga kumushuka ngo amuhe inka eshanu
zo kubaga yumvise ko Mugarura yabonye umuriro arishima cyane.
Arazinduka ajya aho Mugarura acumbitse, aramubwira ati: “Ngize
amahirwe kuko wabonye umuriro; za nka wampaga zo kubaga uko
ari eshanu narazoroye, zabaye amashyo atanu, none ngayo amashyo
atatu nkwituye, nange ndasigarana abiri.” Mugarura amushimana na
rubanda. Barakomeza bamuzanira amaturo y’inka n’imyaka; abadafite
imyaka myinshi bakamuzanira mu twibo, yubaka imitiba n’ibigega.
Kuva ubwo umuntu wituye uwamugiriye neza, bati: “Akebo kajya iwa
Mugarura.”
Insigamugani: Burya si buno!
Uyu mugani Abanyarwanda badatuza guca, cyanecyane iyo bacyurirana;
umuntu awuca iyo abonye urwaho rwo kwigaranzura uwari wamuzambije
akamubuza amahwemo, cyangwa se iyo ashaka kumvisha ko umuntu
ari “Mutima ukwe”; ni bwo avuga ngo “Burya si Buno!” Wakomotse
kuri Burya na Buno bene Rugomwa rwa Maronko mu Gisaka (Intara
y’Iburasirazuba ); ahagana mu mwaka wa 1400.
Abo bahungu bombi bari impanga, bakaba bene Rugomwa rwa
Muronko na Barakagwira ba Numugabo. Rugomwa yari umugesera
w’umuzirankende; akaba umutware w’umutoni mu b’ingenzi kwa
Kimenyi Musaya, umwami w’ i Gisaka. Bukeye Kimenyi atoresha
abakobwa beza bo mu Gisaka, babazana mu rugo rwe rw’i Remera ry’i
Mukiza (muri Komini Kigarama: Ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngoma) mu
Gisaka i Mukiza hari nk’ibwami mu Rwanda). Bamaze kuhateranira,
yohereza abagore bakuru ngo bahitemo abarusha abandi ubwiza, kugira
ngo bamwe azabarongore, abandi abashyingire abahungu akunda. N’i
Rwanda ni ko byagendaga; ni ko ibwami barambagizaga.
Nuko abagore bajya kurobanura abakobwa; babakenyeza impu z’imikane
babareba imbere n’inyuma, babambika ubusa barabahindagura bareba
intantu n’ibibero. Umukobwa wa mbere aba Barakagwira ba Numugabo.
Igihe bakibisiganira, Kimenyi aba arahageze na wa muhungu Rugomwa;
dore ko yamukundaga cyane. Ba bagore n’abakobwa bamubonye
abatunguye barikanga. Arabasatira arabaramutsa n’abakobwa bose.
Ubwo abagore bari bakikije Barakagwira. Kimenyi arababaza, ati: “Ko
nduzi mukikije uyu mukobwa mwese ni ibiki?”
Abagore batinya kumubwira ko ari we uruta abandi mu bwiza, kugira
ngo bagenzi be batagira ipfunwe n’ishyari. Kimenyi na we arabimenya
aroroshya; ati: “Nimuze mbabaze”. Abajyana mu yindi ngobe; dore ko ibyo
byagirwaga mu gikari. Bahageze babona kumutekereza ko Barakagwira
aruta bagenzi be bandi mu bwiza. Ubwo wa muhungu Rugomwa akaba
arimo aho. Kimenyi arashimikira; ati: “Arabaruta bose koko?” Bati:
“Arabaruta turakakuroga!” Kimenyi akebuka Rugomwa; ati: “Muguhaye
wanshima?” Rugomwa ati: “Nagushima mba nkuroga”. Kimenyi ati:
“Ndamuguhaye uzamurongore”.
Rugomwa rero arongora Barakagwira, atahirira i Mukiza kwa Kimenyi.
Barakagwira amaze kurongorwa ntiyazuyaza, ahera ko asama. Igihe cyo
kubyara kigeze, yibaruka abahungu b’impanga: umwe bamwita Burya,
undi bamwita Buno. Bamaze gukambakamba, Kimenyi atesha Rugomwa
ubutware; aramusezerera ajya kuburereramo abana be. Bamaze kuba
ingaragu, Kimenyi abajyana iwe bareranwa n’abe.
Bamaze kugimbuka arabashyingira, abaha inka n’imisozi.
Baba aho, bishyize kera Rugomwa arapfa. Abahungu be basigara mu bye
babitungana n’ibyabo. Bitinze abantu bo mu Gisaka babagirira ishyari
barabanga; babateranya na Kimenyi. Na we atangira kubareba nabi.
Burya na Buno babibonye bagira ubwoba baracika; bamucikira i Bujinja.
Bamaze kugerayo bakeza umwami waho. Arabakira arabahaka. Hagati
aho Abanyagisaka bayoberwa aho bacikiye. Birarambanya hashira
umwaka, ariko bageze aho barabimenya. Babwira Kimenyi, bati: “Burya
na Buno bari i Bujinja”. Kimenyi yohereza abantu bo kujya kubagarura
kuko yabakundaga cyane. Bagezeyo barabaririza barababona;
bararamukanya barashyikirana. Bari bamaze kuba ibikwerere. Intumwa
zibabwira ubutumwa bwa Kimenyi bw’uko bagaruka iwabo. Bamaze
kubyumva, Burya arabyemera, Buno araricurika ararahira; yanga
kugaruka. Burya agarukana n’intumwa, Kimenyi amusubiza ibyabo
byose, na we Buno yigumira iyo.
Nuko atindaharirayo, kugeza igihe agwiriyeyo yiseguye ubutindi.
Rubanda rero rumaze kubona uko izo mpanga zanyuranyije ibitekerezo
byari mahwi amambere, babikurizaho imvugo yahindutse umugani baca
bagira ngo: “Burya si Buno!” Bawuca bashaka kuvuga ko umuntu ari
mutima ukwe; nk’uko abo bahungu babusanyije ibitekerezo kandi bari
akara kamwe. Ku ruhande baba bashima Burya ku rundi baba bagaya
Buno. Ariko mu mvugo, bisobanura ko ibihe biha ibindi; ni nk’aho
umuntu yagize ati: “Birya wangiriraga burya ntishoboye, ubu noneho
byahindutse!”
Naho rero iyo umuntu abajije undi ati: “Mbese ni Burya na Buno!” Ubwo
aba ashaka kumubaza ngo: “Mbese biracyari kwa kundi?” Burya si Buno
bisobanura umuntu ni mutima ukwe cyangwa se ibihe biha ibindi; nta
gahora gahanze. Burya na Buno = biracyari kwa kundi ntacyahindutse.
Igitekerezo: Sakindi
Umugabo witwa Sakindi yabaye mu rugerero cyane, akajya amara yo
imyaka myinshi ari ibwami, kuko abakera bajyaga bajya mu rugerero
ntibatahe n’uwasize arongoye umugore, yasiga yarasamye akazasanga
umwana yarubatse. Kera rero ababaga mu rugerero ni uko byagendaga
bagatinda cyane iyo yabaga atagira abazamukura, atagira abo bava inda
imwe cyangwa bene wabo.
Uwitwa Sakindi rero ajya mu rugerero atindayo cyane, yarasize umugore
atwite. Bukeye abyaye, abyara umwana w’umukobwa, uwo mwana
ararerwa arakura. Amaze kuba umwana w’umwangavu, arabaza ati:
“Data aba he?” Baramubwira bati: “So yagiye ku rugerero ni ho aba
ntagira umukura yibera yo”.
Umukobwa aba aho aramutegereza araheba, bukeye atangiye
kumera amabere, aherako yigira mu bacuzi. Abacuzi arabinginga
bamukorogoshoreramo amabere bayamaramo maze rero amabere ye
arasibangana, agira igituza nk’icy’abahungu. Yibera aho yiga gusimbuka,
yiga kurasa intego, yiga gufora umuheto, yiga gutera icumu, yibera aho
aba mu nka za se. Abyirutse rero abyiruka gihungu, ntihagire umuhungu
umurusha gusimbuka, ntihagire umuhungu ugira icyo amurusha
kerekeye ku mirimo y’abahungu.
Akora ibyo atyo, bukeye ajyana n’ingemu zigemurirwa se ku rugerero.
Atungutse ibwami, aho se acumbitse, aragenda aramubwira ati: “Ndi
umwana wawe. Kandi kuva navuka sinigeze nkubona nawe ntabwo
unzi. Ariko byarambabaje cyane kuko wabaye mu rugerero hano, uru
rugerero ukarubamo utagira gikura abandi bagataha, geho nazanywe
no kugukura, umurikire umwami unshyire mu rugerero nge mu bandi
bahungu nge mu bandi batware, maze nkubere mu rugerero nawe utahe,
wicare iwawe, utunge ibyawe nange nzaguhakirwa.
Uwo mukobwa rero ni we witwaga Sakindi. Ise rero amubonye abona ko
abonye noneho umuvunyi, aboneza ubwo aramujyana, amujyana ibwami
aramumumurikira ati: “Dore umwana waje kunkura mu rugerero asubiye
mu kiraro cyange asubiye mu kirenge cyange aho nari ndi, mumubane
nta kundi nange ndatashye ndasezeye”.
Umwami aramusezerera ati: “Nta kundi ubwo mbonye umukura se
kandi hari ikindi?” Nuko aherako aritahira yigira iwe, yitungira inka
ze yibera aho, umukobwa rero yibera aho na we aba mu bandi bahungu,
baramasha arabarusha, barasimbuka arabarusha, bigenda bityo, imirimo
y’abahungu yose arayibarusha, bagiye kurasa intego arabarusha, maze
Sakindi aragenda aba intwari mu bandi bahungu mu rungano rungana
na we arabarusha rwose.
Bukeye abandi bahungu biratinda bakajya mu gitaramo, bakajya
basohoka bakajya kunyara, na we yajya kunyara akajya kubihisha,
akajya kure ngo batamubona. Bukeye ibya rubanda bazi kugenzura
cyane bakomeza kumugenzura, bati: “Uriya muntu; Sakindi tubona
aho ni umuhungu, aho ntabwo ari umukobwa?” Bukeye bavamo umwe
aramugenzura aramubona anyara. Amwitegereje, aramureba amenya
ko ari umukobwa neza biraboneka, amaze kubyibonera aragenda
ahamagara umwami amushyira ukwe aramwihererana ati: “Aho uzi
Sakindi, uzi mu rugerero, muzi mu muhigo uburyo aturusha, uzi mu
isimbuka uburyo aturusha, ukamenya kurasa intego uburyo aturusha?”
Ati: “Burya bwose abigira ari umukobwa”.
Undi ati: “Urabeshya ntabwo ari umukobwa umuntu umeze kuriya
w’umuhungu mu bandi kandi akaba ari intwari ko nta muhungu
umurusha ibyivugo; ntihagire ugira umurimo w’abahungu amurusha
rwose uriya ni umukobwa ahajya he?” Ati: “Mubimenye ninsanga ari
umuhungu ndagutanga urapfa n’inka z’iwanyu zikanyagwa. Ninsanga
ari umukobwa kandi urabizi uzi kugenzura, uraba waragenzuriye ukuri
koko.
Ati: “Nawe uzigenzurire nta kundi”. Barara aho, barara mu nkera buracya
mu gitondo baramukira ku biraro byabo, umwami atumira Sakindi,
aramwihererana iwe mu rugo, ati: “Umva rero Sakindi, ndagusaba kugira
ngo icyo nkwibariza nawe ukimbwire kandi nuba ukizi ukimbwire koko”.
Amwihererana iwe ikambere aramubaza ati: “Uri umuhungu cyangwa
uri umukobwa?”
Undi ati: “Ubimbarije iki se? Ko ntananiwe urugerero; nkaba ntananiwe
itabaro ry’abahungu; nkaba nta kintu kerekeye imirimo y’abakobwa
wari wabona nkora; icyo ubimbarije ni iki kuvuga ko ndi umukobwa?
Ni uko ubona ngira ubutwari buke?” Undi ati: “Oya si ibyo nkubarije.
Ndakubaza uko mbikubajije ndagira ngo nawe unsubize uko biri umbwire
niba uri umuhungu mbimenye, niba uri umukobwa mbimenye”. Ati: “Ndi
umuhungu”.
Abikurikiranya atyo. Ati: “Umva ikimara agahinda ni uko unyambarira
ukuri, si ukugira ngo wambare ubusa ahubwo unyambarire ukuri ndore”.
Aramubwira biherereye, ati: “Umva rero noneho aho turi hano, yenda
n’abandi bantu baratwumva, heza cyane twiherere nkubwire”. Araheza
basigara mu nzu bonyine.
Ati: “Ubu rero naravutse. Mvuka ndi umukobwa. Mvukiye mu rugo rwa
data nsanga atarurimo. Mbajije aho data yagiye, bambwiye ko ari mu
rugerero rw’ibwami”. Arakomeza ati: “Ndi umukobwa koko. Bakuyemo
amabere, niga gusimbuka, niga kurasa intego, niga kujya mu muhigo
niga imirimo y’abahungu bakora yose niga iyo, mbabajwe na data kuko
yabaye mu rugerero, atagira umukura, ni icyo cyanzanye. Cyakora naje
ndi umukobwa, ariko rero naje gukura data mu rugerero, nje kubikubwira
nta wundi wari ubizi, mbikubwiriye icyo ubimbarije”.
Nuko ati: “Ndagushimiye kuko ubinyemereye, ukaba ubimbwiye kandi
umbwiye ukuri, ndagira ngo unyambarire ukuri noneho mbirebe nange
mbyimenyere koko bye no kuba impuha ne no kukubaririza”. Umukobwa
arabyemera, yambara ukuri nk’uko abimubwiye akuramo imyambaro
asigara ahagaze gusa.
Arabireba umwami ati: “Tora imyambaro yawe wongere ukenyere,
arakenyera arangije gukenyera. Umwami ati: “Ntiwongere gusohoka
guma mu nzu”. Yibera aho abigeza mu bandi abitekerereza abandi bari
bakuru. Havamo umwe mu bakuru bari aho ati: “Uwo muntu yarababaye
rero cyane kandi hirya hari abandi basa n’uwo nguwo, muruzi ko ibintu
byacitse imusozi, abantu bararushye cyane, washyize abantu mu
rugerero biratinda bamwe baherana intanga mu mibiri, n’ababyaye
abana ntibaziranye, ikimenyetso kibikwereka ni kiriya”.
Wa mukobwa bwije nijoro umwami aramurongora, ati: “Nzagutungira
icyo kuko wabaye intwari kandi ukaba waragiriye so akamaro, ikigeretse
kuri ibyo kandi uri mwiza sinanigeze nkugaya mu bandi bahungu”.
Amurongora ubwo atumira se arabimubwira, ati: “Wamumpaye uzi ko
ari umukobwa?” Undi ati: “Nabonye ansanga ku kiraro ntazi uwo ari we
napfuye kuguha umwana nzi ko ari uwange gusa.”
Abyeza atyo, aba umugore we, se baramushima cyane kuko yavuye
mu rugerero atahasize ubusa, kandi akahasiga intwari itunganye,
nuko umukobwa umwami aramurongora, amugira umugore. Umwami
agabira sebukwe inka amagana kugeza igihe asaziye mu bye. Ntiyongera
gusubira mu rugerero ukundi. Umukobwa we aratunga aratunganirwa
ibya Sakindi birangirira aho.
Umugani muremure: Muyaya
Muyaya yari umuntu w’umukene, abyara umwana w’umukobwa mwiza,
umukobwa abwira se, ati: “Ngiye kuguhakirwa”, ajya ibwami yihundura
umuhungu. Umwami aramukunda kuko na we yari azi ubwenge.
Umwamikazi akifuza uwo musore abona ari umuhungu, ndetse
aramushuka. Amunaniye amurega ibinyoma umwami aramutanga.
Mbere yo kujya kumwica ati: “Mwami nyagasani urebe niba ibyo
umugore wawe ambeshyera nabishobora.” Yambara ubusa babona ari
umukobwa, barumirwa. Umwamikazi baramwica. Umwami arongora
mwene Muyaya umukobwa akira atyo.
Habayeho umugabo Muyaya aba aho ari inkeho. Bukeye ashaka umugore
babyarana umwana umwe w’umukobwa gusa. Muyaya akaba yari
yarabwiye abantu bo hirya no hino, ugiye kumwuhirira inka akamuha
indi nka, kugira ngo abone amaboko, kugira ngo abone uko atunga izo
nka kugira ngo yihe amaboko muri bagenzi be mbese agasa n’uwigura.
Umwuhiriye, umuragiriye, umukamiye inka adahari, akazikuramo
inka. Bukeye uwo mwana we w’umukobwa amaze kumenya ubwenge
aramubwira ati: “Dawe nkubwire, dore igihe wavunikiye ndi umwe,
kandi utunze, nshakira umuheto, unshakire imyambi, ndashaka
kwambara kigabo ngo nzage kuguhakirwa ibwami, noneho abaja
bazampa n’abagaragu niba mpabonye ubutoni nzaguhemo abashotsi
n’abashumba.”
Se Muyaya ati: “Ese mwana wange ko uri umukobwa uzamenya uhakirwa
abo bashumba ute ngo nzababone, wagumye aha nkazagushyingira ariko
ntuge guhakwa ko utabishobora?”
Umukobwa ati: “Nzabishobora.” Se amushakiye umuheto, umukobwa
atwaye icumu nk’abagabo, mbese yigira nk’umuhungu rwose,
abamubonye bose bakamwita umuhungu.
Bukeye umukobwa ati: “Igihe kirageze, njyana ibwami nge kuguhakirwa,
dore igihe wahereye uge wisigarira mu byawe nange mpakubere.” Ubwo
se aherako aramujyanye, agezeyo umwami amubonye abona ari umusore
mwiza wambaye kigabo atwaye icumu, ntiyamenya ko ari umukobwa
amushyira mu itorero, aba umusore mwiza kandi ari inkumi. Kera
rero ngo hari abizingishaga amabere na we yari yaragiye kwizingisha
amabere kugira ngo azakunde akamire se.
Arakomeza aba umusore mwiza akamenya guhamiriza umwami
aramukunda, aba mwiza akubitiyeho n’amaraso y’ubukobwa aba umusore
mwiza koko uteranye. Akamenya gukirana, umufashe ntamuheze.
Akamenya kwiruka, akamenya gutwara umuheto akarasa, akamenya
kurasa intego akamasha. Aho bari agahiga abandi, umwami akajya
amuha inka.
Umwami aramukunda cyane, kubera ko ari n’urwego rwe, ari umusore
mwiza, uko umwaka ushize akamuha inka.
Bukeye ati: “Umva rero Nyagasani!, data ni umukene ni inkeho,
arankunda cyane kandi izi nka mumpa nta muntu agira uziragira,
ntizigira abashotsi none ntako mwagerageza nkagira icyo ndamiraho
data?” Umwami ati: “Yewe, ni koko, aho so atuye nzahava nzakubwira.”
Undi ati: “iii”.
Bukeye ajyana n’uwo musore afata abantu bose bari batuye mu kagari
uwo se atuyeho, abaha Muyaya; bose abagabiye Muyaya. Ati “Umva
rero Muyaya aha hategeke, ngaba abashumba, ngaba abashotsi, ngaba
abahinzi.” Ubwo wa mukobwa aba atangiye gukiza se atyo.
Ubwo ariko mu itorero umwamikazi akaba amureba, akamureba akumva
amukunze akibwira ati: “Icyampa uriya musore ngo nzamubyareho
akana k’agahungu gasa na we, ariko n’iyo namubyaraho agakobwa.”
Umwamikazi akajya amureba kenshi na kenshi, akamuha inzoga
y’inturire, iy’inkangaza, agira ngo abone uko amwiyegereza.
Kubera ko mwene Muyaya yari umukobwa nta gitekerezo kindi yagiraga
ibyo ntabyiteho ntabigirire umutima. Noneho umwamikazi akibwira ko
ari ukubura umwanya akabona ko ari no kumutinya.
Bukeye umwami ajya guhiga umuhigo w’umurara, ihembe rirararitse,
abahigi bukeye barambaye, imyambi barayityaje, inkota bazikozeho bati:
“Tuge guhiga”. Kera bavaga guhiga nk’aha bakajya guhiga nk’i Burundi
(Nyamata – Burundi). Abantu barahagurutse baragiye, bageze ku gasozi
ko hakurya umwami ati: “Murabizi nibagiwe amayombo y’imbwa zange;
nihagire ufite imbaraga agende anzanire amayombo.” Bararebana
bati: “Umusore utite imbaraga ni Mwene Muyaya, ni Muyaya rwose
ni we ukwiye kujya kuzana amayombo, wowe ndakuzi uri rutebuka.”
Umukobwa arirukanse, ahageze umwamikazi ati: “Si wowe nabona.”
Ati: “Ngwino noneho ni wowe nashakaga.” Bageze mu nzu umwamikazi
aramufata ati: “Ngwino nguhe inzoga.” Undi ati: “Nta cyo nshaka mpa
amayombo.” Mwene Muyaya ati: “Mwamikazi, mbwira icyo ushaka.”
Ati: “Ngwino ngusasire, nimara kugusasira uge guhiga”. Undi ati:
“Shwi, ntabwo ari icyo nagenewe”. Umwamikazi na we ati: “Amayombo
nta yo nguhaye.” Mwene Muyaya abona amayombo aho amanitse, aba
yasimbutse arayiha arirukanka.
Yarirukanse umwamikazi ati: “Cyo rero, uriya munyagwa anyumviye
ubusa.” Yiga uburyo bwo kumwubikaho icyaha kugira ngo umwami aho
azazira amwice. Ati: “Anyumviye ubusa kandi hari ubwo yazabibwira
abandi.” Umwamikazi agize inkingi y’intagara y’umwami arayivunnye,
agize inkingi y’inganona yo arayivunnye, mbese akoze ibintu byo kugira
ngo yicishe mwene Muyaya.
Ubwo rero umuhigo uraraye, buracya urasibiye, ku munsi wa gatatu
umuhigo uraje noneho abagiye gusanganira bahura n’umuhigo uko
wakaje. Umwami arababaza ati: “Ni amahoro?” Bati “Nta mahoro
nta yo, umwamikazi ameze nabi.” Ati: “Azize iki?” Bati: “Yazize uwo
mwene Muyaya ngo ni we wamwishe kandi ngo yashakaga ko ajya
kumusasira noneho umwamikazi yanze, mwene Muyaya asiga aciye
ibintu aranamuterura amukubita hasi, rwose yaciye ibintu yaragomye.”
Umwami ati: “iii. Umuvunamuheto ko namukundaga, none nkaba ngiye
kumwica!” Umwami rero iyo bamubwiraga umuntu wagomye, yabaga
yamushumbije amaboko yaramwicaga. Arinjira umwamikazi amukubise
amaso arigwandika ati: “Mwami ngo urebe uko mu nzu bimeze.”
Aritegereje ati: “Akwiriye gupfa.”
Yegereye mwene Muyaya ati: “Nibagufate bakujyane iwanyu, ntunshika
ntuntoroka, usezere so, usezere nyoko, usezere n’umuryango wawe
uze nkwice.” Undi ati: “iii.” Ntabwo yari azi icyo azira. Aragiye asanze
nyina na se, areba abantu bamushoreye nk’imbagwa ngo adacika bati:
“Ese ko yajyaga aza akaza arongoye inka akaza neza, bariya bantu ko
bamushoreye”?
Umukobwa yajya kugira icyo avuga abwira se, ikiniga kikamwica.
Nyina aramubwira ati: “Shinga icumu turamukanye,
Mwana wa Muyaya”.
Umukobwa na we akamusubiza ati:
“Abakecuru ntimubarirwa
Mama na Muyaya,
Genda ubwire data
Mama na Muyaya,
Atore indi y’ubugondo
Mama na Muyaya,
Ugende wikwere
Mama na Muyaya,
Mwene Muyaya agiye
Kumara urw’ingoma,
Iby’ibwami biragora
Mama na Muyaya”.
Bakamukurikirana, akongera akababwira atyo abura ikindi yabasubiza,
ariko ubwo bamenya ko agiye gupfa. Bageze ibwami ku Karubanda,
ubwo se na nyina baje babakurikiye. Umwami ati: “Umva rero nta kindi
ubu ngiye kukwica”.
Igihe ngo ashatse kumwicira aho imbere y’umuryango, aho bitaga ku
gitabo, mwene Muyaya ati: “Ashwi, ntabwo ugomba kunyicira hano,
ngwino tuge mu gikari”. Bahageze amwereka uko ateye, umwami asanga
ari umukobwa. Umukobwa ati: “Iyo ujya kuvuga ko nagomye, najyaga
ku buriri bwawe njya gukora iki? Uwo mugore wawe nari mukeneye ko
ureba nange ndi umugore nka we?” Umwami araca agwa mu kantu, ati:
“Cyo ye! Uyu muntu yari arenganye koko!”
Umwami ati: “Fata imyambaro yawe wambare”. Umukobwa ati:
“Ntabwo nambaye ntacyo nambara, abantu bose bambonye, ni ubusa
nabwambaye na none iyicire”. Abantu bose bati: “Rwose ambara”.
Nyirasenge arahendahenze ati: “Ambara mwana wange”. Undi ati: “Oya
ntabwo nambara”. Umwami arabireba asanga umwamikazi ari we ufite
icyaha gikomeye. Arabasohora aramwica ati: “Ni wowe wiyishe utumye
nambika ababyeyi b’i Rwanda ubusa” Abwira mwene Muyaya ati: “Injira
ni wowe mwamikazi”.
Ingoma ziravuga, Mwene Muyaya ahabwa abaja n’abagaragu arakira.
Muyaya na we akira atyo, abona abavunyi, abona abashotsi.Si nge wahera.