◄UNIT 2: ADVANCED POWER POINTTopic 4►

UNIT 3: E COMMERCE, SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE SERVICES

  • UNIT 3: E COMMERCE, SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE SERVICES

    Key Unit competence

    To be able to request for online services and access social media

    3.0 Introductory activity

    Holly City Technology Ltd manager needs to buy computer spare parts products
    from outside of Rwanda. The manager doesn’t have time to go out of the country
    and he decided to search on the Internet the websites which sell computer spare
    parts.
    a. Discuss ways the manager can use to communicate with the supplier to
    obtain the price of the goods
    b. Discuss the type of business conducted via the Internet
    c. Give social media platforms used for daily communication

    d. Discuss the way that can be used for payment

    3.1. E commerce
    Learning activity 3.1
    1. 1. Kamikazi wants to buy a Psychology book. She visited many
    libraries in the country but she could not find the title she wanted. She
    decided to search for the book using google.com. Finally, she realized
    that the book is available online on amazon. com and the price is at
    15,000 RWF.
    a. Discuss the process Kamikazi will go through in order to buy that book and
    have it delivered to her
    b. Brainstorm the other local and global online platforms that can be used to
    buy goods and services

    2. What do you understand

    3.1.1. Understanding e commerce
    a. History
    E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce also known as e-Business, Is the buying
    and selling of goods, products, or services over the internet using electronic means
    of payment like credit cards. This commerce provides to buying parties physical
    goods but also electronic materials (goods) where possible.
    The history of ecommerce dates back to the invention of the very old notion of “sell
    and buy”, electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce
    became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened for commercial use
    At first, the term ecommerce meant the process of execution of commercial
    transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such
    as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which
    gave an opportunity for users to exchange business information and do electronic
    transactions. The ability to use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and
    allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation
    electronically.
    b. Some Ecommerce platforms
    With ecommerce the buying and selling parties don’t need to meet at the same
    location, the buyer does not go to the store but there is an electronic platform that
    is used as a market where the buyer and the seller meet. An example of such a

    platform is amazon.com.

    To buy goods on amazon.com or any other online chopping platform (ecommerce
    website), the buyer must have an Amazon account, must log in using that account,
    choose among the list of provided goods, choose location where the goods are to
    be delivered and pay using acceptable payment means like Credit cards.

    As of September 2021, the online shopping platforms available in Rwanda are
    among others vubavuba.rw and kikuu.com. Through this platforms one can buy

    food (Vuba Vuba) or clothes (kikuu.com).

    c. Buying on an e-commerce platform case of kikuu.com
    As stated earlier kikuu.com is one of the platforms available in Rwanda with which
    one can buy available goods and have them delivered to his/her preferred location
    in Kigali. To buy with Kikuu, as it is a principle for other e-commerce the buyer has
    to have an account. To create that account go through these steps:
    1. In the address bar write kikuu.com and once the platform loads click on
    Register to create a login account. Fill in the provided form the requested
    details. Or

    2. If the user account is already created login

    3. Once the login is successful choose goods to buy.
    For most platforms goods have pictures and accompanying image and for selecting
    the goods just click on its image. Select the goods specifications carefully so as
    68 ICT- Student Book-Senior 5
    to get what is wanted. In the case of the shoes chosen like in the image below the

    customer has to choose the shoe’s color and the size.

    4. Pay the amount due by using the preferred payment method

    in the next two screens choose the payment method and click on PAY<Amount>.
    In the other screen as MTN Money has been chosen as payment method fill the

    account and click PAY <Amount>


    d. Advantages and disadvantages of e commerce
    There is no good thing without a bad side. Ecommerce presents to its users many
    advantages but has also disadvantages.
    a. Advantages of E-commerce
    • Does not require physical displacement of the buyer hence saving money
    and time
    • Products and services are easy to find on the platform rather than moving. in
    so many stores, warehouses or supermarkets
    • Transactions can be done all the time of the day and the week (24/7).
    • No geographical limitations translates as a bigger customer reach.
    • Higher quality of services and lower operational costs.
    b. Disadvantages of E-commerce
    • No guarantee of product quality as the product is not physically viewed
    • Customer loyalty becomes a bigger issue as there is a minimal direct
    customer-seller interaction.
    • Anyone can start an online business, which sometimes leads to scam and
    phishing sites.
    • Hackers target web shops which may lead to disruption of service.

    3.1.2. E-commerce models
    Electronic commerce can be classified into four main categories. The basis for this
    simple classification is the parties that are involved in the transactions. The four
    basic electronic commerce models are:
    a. Business to Business
    In a business to business model companies are doing business with each other.
    The final consumer is not involved. So the Online transactions only involve the
    manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, etc.

    b. Business to Consumer
    Here the company will sell their goods and/or services directly to the consumer. The
    consumer can browse their websites and look at products, pictures, read reviews.
    Then, they place their order and the company ships the goods directly to them.
    c. Consumer to Consumer
    Consumers are in direct contact with each other. No company is involved. It helps
    people sell their personal goods and assets directly to an interested person.
    d. Consumer to Business
    The consumer provides goods or services to the company.
    For example an IT freelancer who demos and sells his software to a company.
    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.1
    1. Discuss the major benefits of E-commerce
    2. What are two advantages of electronic commerce over traditional
    commerce?

    3.1.3. Online Payment methods


    Is the way that a buyer chooses to compensate the seller of a good or service that is
    also acceptable to the seller. Typical payment methods used in a modern business
    context include cash, checks, credit or debit cards, money orders, bank transfers
    and online payment services such as PayPal.

    1. Cash Payment
    Buying online requires using electronic means which are acceptable by the selling
    companies for example as seen in previous sections buying with Kikuu requires
    using MTN Money. Other online platforms may require special cards known as
    debit or credit cards.

    In Rwanda, banks provide means to pay using those cards. For example, Bank of
    Kigali provides options to buy on POS (Point of Sale) or on ecommerce platforms
    using Visa or MasterCard debit cards.
    a. Debit & credit cards
    A debit/credit card is a plastic card normally issued by a financial institution to allow
    its user to pay at Points of Sale in order to complete a purchase. They also allow
    the same purchase on online shopping platforms.

    Debit and credit cards look alike and it is not easy to identify them simply by liking
    at them except when it is written on them. The main difference is where money is
    got from: for the debit cards money is immediately got from the owner bank account
    while for the credit card money is charged to the customer’s credit line.

    The image below shows the front and back side of a credit/debit card


    The parts found on the front side of the credit card are:
    1. Bank branding which identifies the bank name that issued the card
    2. Card number which is unique and identifies the client with the bank. The
    card number are the ones provided while purchasing online.
    Note: Keep the card number a secret as that number can be used by illintentioned
    people
    3. Card holder name is the name of person authorized to use that card
    4. Smart ship is the electronic circuit (processor) which stores some
    information. The smart ship feature makes cards more secure than the
    magnetic-stripe-card only
    5. Expiration date is the date after which the card is no longer usable. The
    reason for this is mainly for the purpose of providing new cards which
    are more technologically advanced. The expiry date is necessary while
    purchasing online as most platforms require this information and when it is
    wrong the transaction can’t be done
    6. Payment network logo is the type of card and this can be MasterCard, Visa
    and Discover. Services specify which types they accept for payments and
    knowing the card’s type is very essential.
    The parts found on the back side of the credit card are:
    1. Magnetic stripe: the black strip contains information about the card and
    its owner, and specialized devices known as card readers gather that
    information when the card is inserted
    2. Hologram: is a mirror-like area showing a three-dimensional image that
    seems to move as the viewing angle changes. Holograms are security
    features which help merchants identify valid cards
    3. Bank contact information
    4. Signature panel is the place where the user’s signature is put
    5. Security codes is an additional code to help ensure that anybody using the
    card number has a legitimate, original card
    6. Network logos

    An example of a typical debit card is found below:

    b. 1. Using a debit/credit card to purchase
    The following are the steps of using a Debit/Credit card in online shopping:
    1. Enter the address of the website where to purchase from in the address box
    of the browser’s window.
    2. Select items to purchase and click the appropriate button used for
    purchasing the item.
    3. Enter the shipping, billing and debit/credit card details.
    4. Click the appropriate button to complete the transaction.
    5. Print the confirmation screen or proof of purchase received upon
    completing the transaction, and keep it until the item arrives.
    For using debit cards at POS or ATMs insert the card and follow the prompts
    c. Mobile Phone based Money
    Also called Mobile money is a technology that allows people to receive, keep and
    spend money using a mobile phone. It’s sometimes referred to as a ‘Mobile Wallet’
    or by the name of a specific service

    There are more different mobile money services around the world. Although they
    are most popular in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Mobile money is a popular
    alternative to both cash and banks because it’s easy to use, secure and can be
    used anywhere there is a mobile phone signal.

    Mobile money keeps funds in a secure electronic account linked to a mobile phone
    number. In some cases, the mobile money number will be the same as the phone
    number. Mobile money is often provided by the same companies that run the mobile
    phone services and it is available to both pre-pay and contract customers.
    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.2
    1. List 5 public services that are paid using Mobile money here in Rwanda
    2. Discuss the payment method at your school used to pay school fees?
    3. What are the advantages of Mobile money payment method over paying
    cash at the bank counter ?

    3.2. Social media
    Social media is the collective of online communications channels dedicated to
    community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration which
    enable users to create or share content or participate in social networking.

    Examples of social media are: Facebook, twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp

    3.2.1. Facebook

    Activity 3.2

    Observe the image below and answer the questions below:

    Discuss the nature of the window above
    1. What do you understand by the term “Social media”?
    2. Discuss the positive and negative impacts the social media has to the

    Rwanda Society

    Facebook is one of the most popular free social networking websites. It allows
    registered users to create profiles, upload photos and videos, send messages and
    stay in touch with friends, family and colleagues.
    a. Creating a facebook account
    For most social media before using them an account must be created. An account
    identifies the user as different from other users in the system.
    The following steps are followed to create a facebook account:
    1. Open Facebook Home page by entering in the browser’s address bar the
    link www.facebook.com
    2. The first page provides the option to login or sign up. Fill in the form the
    required information and click on sign up
    3. Enter personal information(First name, Last name, email or phone
    number, Birthday and gender)

    4. Enter the code provided through SMS or the provided email

    Figure 3. 9. Filling forms for creating facebook account
    1. Open the verification email that is sent to the email provided while creating
    the account
    2. Edit the profile information by logging into the new account and clicking on

    Edit profile


    The following table will be appeared.


    Note: The account has been created you are able to login into your facebook
    account:

    Go to facebook.com and in the top right form fill in the email and the password then

    click on:

    b. Connecting with friends
    Facebook has millions of users, all users are in the public and appear like anonymous
    to you. As a facebook user you are allowed to search for other users, viewing their
    profiles, friends, and photos. You can immediately message them inbox but once
    the account owner sets some restrictions on his/her account a non-friend user may
    view nothing among these.

    In order to be able to fully communicate with another facebook user, you just need
    to be a facebook friend.
    To have a friend on facebook go through this process:

    • In the facebook search box enter the account of the friend to be

    • Once the account is entered in the search box choose the correct facebook
    account among the many options and click Add Friend. In the image above
    the account chosen is Shyaka Emmanuel
    c. Sharing pictures
    A facebook account holder can upload pictures on his/her facebook account, share
    them or share pictures uploaded by others.
    Steps to upload a picture in your account are:

    • In the menu click on Photo then on Add Photos/Video

    • In the new window that will appear browse for the picture to upload and open

    it so that it gets uploaded.

    • Comment the picture, set who has rights to view it and click on Post like
    illustrated in the image above
    The uploaded image can then be viewed by anyone (if right to view the image has
    been set to Public) and they can like, share and comment this image.
    d. Chatting
    Facebook provides the option to converse with friends by using the chat option
    whose window is available in the far down right zone of a facebook page.
    The content of the chat is text but can be also attachments in form of text files,
    images, GIF files, videos or a laptop camera taken picture/video

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.2
    1. List and explain the steps to create a facebook account
    2. Create a facebook account and give it your names. Upload your picture
    on the account’s profile
    3. Search and request for friends by focusing on your classmates
    4. Chat with your friend and send them some documents related to your

    different subjects lessons

    3.2.2. Twitter


    Twitter is a free microblogging service that allows registered members to broadcast
    short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other
    users’ tweets by using multiple platforms and devices.
    a. Creating an account
    • For creating a twitter account first go enter in the browser’s address bar
    twitter.com
    • In the first page that will appear click on Sign up. This same page is used for

    sign in when the user has already a twitter account


    • In the next screen that will appear also click on Next. Confirm the

    telephone number so and use the sent code to continue to the next stage

    • In the next screen enter the password for your twitter account and click on
    Next.
    The screen that will thereafter appear will allow you to edit the twitter account profile
    picture by clicking on the human head-and-body silhouette but this can be skipped

    to be done later.

    In the next screens that will appear follow the prompts. Those screens will allow
    describing yourself, setting your interests, suggestions of accounts to follow, turning

    on notifications

    In the steps given above the account creator may decide to go into additional
    steps depending on which features to activate. Here most of the options have been
    skipped or the default provided option was chosen. After going through all the steps
    the account is created and is ready to be used. However the steps are subject
    to change and screens may not look like the ones provided here depending on

    changes brought in by Twitter.

    b. Following a twitter account
    All social media provide better experience when one is acquainted with other
    user in the same social media network. For a twitter user to have better experience
    he/she has to follow other accounts.

    Following an account permits one to receive immediately prompts when the
    followed account posts a tweet in form of text, image or video; updates the profiles
    immediately after they are posted.

    Following a twitter account is done in these steps:
    1. Search for the account to follow using the twitter search box
    2. Next to the searched account click on Follow. The Follow immediately

    change into Following tab will

    c. Tweeting
    Also known as tweeting is posting making a post on the social media Twitter. The
    post can be just text, images and videos.
    To post a tweet go through this process:
    1. In the Twitter Home page click on the twitter icon
    2. In the text area that will appear write the tweet text. If images and videos are
    to be used in the tweet click on the corresponding icons below the text area
    3. Once the tweet is ready click on Tweet. The tweet is now posted and can be

    viewed by the account followers and anyone who searches for it

    Note:
    • Twitter provides the option to delete the created tweet by clicking on the drop
    down icon next to the tweet and clicking on Delete
    • As one tweet is only of 280 character while tweeting choose properly the
    words to use. For this reason tweets contain more shortened words
    • Twitter users can create hashtags which are keywords preceded by the hash
    sign and are easily searchable on twitter
    d. Twitter menu icons
    In the previous sections some of the available twitter options have been elaborated.
    Those options can however be easily accessed by using the icons located at the
    left side of a twitter account page. The table below represents those icons and their

    roles

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.4

    1. What is Twitter and why should you use it?
    2. Create your twitter account and do the following:
    a. Make it have your picture as a profile picture
    b. Search for accounts to follow mainly your classmates

    c. Post some tweets about your school and lessons

    3.2.3. Instagram

    Activity 3.5
    Instagram is one of the Social media platform used by many people:
    a. Discuss the use of Instagram
    b. Do a research and differentiate Instagram from other social media
    namely facebook and Twitter
    c. Analyze the Instagram icon and discuss how it relates Instagram use

    Instagram is a free social networking service built around sharing photos
    and videos. It launched in October 2010 on iOS (iPhone Operating Systems) first,
    and became available on Android in April 2012 and can be accessed via computer
    internet browsers.

    Similar to Facebook or Twitter, everyone who creates an Instagram account has a
    profile and a news feed. When a photo or video is posted on Instagram it will be
    displayed on the account’s profile and accounts that follow you will see it in their
    own feed. Likewise posts from other accounts can be viewed if you chose to follow
    them.
    Just like other social networks, an account can interact with others on Instagram by
    following them, being followed by them, commenting, liking, tagging.
    a. Creating an Account on Instagram
    Like other social media one cannot use Instagram without having an account
    created and for that go through these steps:
    1. Enter in the browser’s address bar the URL of the application (instagram.
    com)
    2. In the form that appear to the right of the new page fill in the required details

    and click on Sign up

    3. in the next screen click on Turn on (to turn on notification) or Not so as to be

    directed to the Instagram first page

    d. Instagram main icons
    Instagram has got icons which help carry out the basic functions. Those icons are

    shown in the image below:

    The role of each icon is explained in the table below:

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.5
    1. Create an Instagram account under your name
    2. Follow some of your class mates
    3. Create posts and comment posts from other accounts

    3.2.4. WhatsApp
    Activity 3.6
    Umurerwa, a grade 2 student, has heard of a phone application that she can use
    to chat, send a photo and video call. She decided to use her father’s phone to
    find this app.

    Observe the screen of Umurerwa‘s father

    Answer the below questions:
    1. Among these applications, which application Umurerwa should use?

    2. Explain why you have chosen that application

    WhatsApp is a popular messaging app with end-to-end encrypted instant messaging
    that can be used on various platforms, including Android, iPhone and Windows
    smartphones, and Mac or Windows PCs.
    For WhatsApp to be installed on PCs an auxiliary application is needed in order
    to create a virtual environment resembling a Mobile Operating System in which
    WhatsApp will be installed. Such auxiliary applications are NoxPlayer and Blue
    Stack.
    A. Installing WhatsApp
    Installing WhatsApp first requires downloading it through the phone application
    for downloading applications. For android that application is Play Store. Download

    WhatsApp by searching for it in Play Store and install it by going through the prompts

    In the next screen that will appear touch on Accept and let the application download.
    When there is not enough space for downloading the application, it will be necessary
    to delete some files to liberate some space.
    Downloading and installing WhatsApp will go through these steps shown in the

    screenshots below:

    Interpretation of the screens:
    a. Screen One: The choosing of the application to download and install has
    already been done now the person has to agree that WhatsApp will have
    rights to have access to some of the resources in the telephone.
    b. Screen Two: WhatsApp is now being downloaded and is at 26%. Once
    downloading is over the application will install itself and when finished the
    user will touch on Open to do further configurations.
    c. Screen Three: Once the Open option is touched in the next screen touch on
    Agree and Continue to agree to the terms of service.
    d. Screen Four: In this screen fill in the phone number to use on WhatsApp and
    touch on Next. A WhatsApp code message will be sent to your telephone.
    Enter it in the next screen and continue
    e. Screen Five: Configure WhatsApp by uploading an image that will be used
    as a profile picture to your account and set the account name.
    f. Screen Six: WhatsApp is now installed. Start chatting by touching on the icon
    shown by an arrow.
    B. Adding a Status in WhatsApp for Android
    Similar to apps like Snapchat and Instagram, WhatsApp Status is a place for
    snapping pictures of whatever you’re doing and then uploading them to your profile
    where they’re available for your contacts to see for 24 hours. To get started with
    Status:
    • Tap the Status bar on the home screen.
    • Tap the camera icon at the bottom-right.
    • Take a picture or video.
    • Add any filters, stickers, text, or whatever else you’d like.
    • Tap the green circle at the bottom-right to add the post to your Status.

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.6
    1. Discuss the improvement WhatsApp has brought in the
    communication area in Rwanda
    2. Compare options provided by WhatsApp and Instagram

    3.3. Online Services
    An online service refers to any information and services provided over the Internet.
    These services not only allow subscribers to communicate with each other, but
    they also provide unlimited access to information. Online services may include E
    Banking, E payment, etc

    3.3.1. E-Banking and E-Payment
    Activity 3.7
    Read the scenario below:
    During the weekend, Kamana was sent home for school fees issues but on
    Monday, 7:30 AM he must attend the exam after the payment of the school fees.
    Umwalimu Sacco Cooperative where Kamana’s parents keep their money did
    not open as it was on Sunday.
    Answer the questions below:
    1. What Kamana should do to not miss the exam?
    2. Give examples of services that can be paid electronically in Rwanda

    E-Banking and E-Payment
    It is an electronic transfer of money from bank account, usually checking account
    without the use of the paper check. E-cash is a form of an Electronic payment
    system where a certain amount of money is stored on client’s device and made
    accessible for online transaction.
    a. E Banking
    Electronic banking is a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an
    exchange of electronic signals rather than through an exchange of cash, checks, or
    other types of paper documents

    It is also a method of banking in which the customer conducts transactions
    electronically via the Internet.
    Transfer of funds occur between financial institutions such as banks and
    credit unions. They also occur between financial institutions and commercial
    institutions such as stores. Whenever someone withdraws cash from an
    Automated Teller Machine (ATM) or pays for services using a debit card, the funds
    are transferred via electronic banking.
    E-banking is a safe, fast, easy and efficient electronic service that enables an
    access to a bank account and to carry out online banking services, 24 hours a day,
    and 7 days a week.
    With this service you save your time by carrying out banking transactions at
    any place and at any time, from home or office provided there is internet access.
    E-banking enables the following:
    • Accurate statement of all means available in your bank account
    • Statement of current account, credits, overdrafts and your deposits
    • Execution of national and international transfers in various currencies
    • Execution of all types of utility bill payments (electricity, water supply, telephone
    bills, and many others)
    • Carrying out customs payments
    • Electronic confirmation for all transactions executed by E-banking
    • Management of your credit cards
    Disadvantages
    The disadvantages presented by E-banking are linked to the fact that it is a new
    technology which is not usable by anyone especially in countries where ICT literacy
    is still a problem.
    Other disadvantages are also linked to weaknesses in the system that may be
    exploited by hackers who may steel money using weaknesses found in the system
    b. E payment
    An e-payment system is a way of making transactions or paying for goods and
    services through an electronic medium, without the use of checks or cash. It’s
    also called an electronic payment system or online payment system. E-payment
    includes the use of Debit/credit card, Mobile Money

    Services done by mobile money
    Services provided by Mobile Money include money transactions whereby money
    can be sent from one telephone user to another who can then withdraw the money
    as cash or keep it and use to pay for different goods and services.
    Example
    In Rwanda mobile money services are provided by TIGO Cash, MTN Mobile Money
    and Airtel Money. They include money transfer and withdrawal from a mobile money
    account and from even a bank account, payment of different bills like water and
    electricity.

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.6
    1. Give 3 differences between credit card payment and mobile money
    payment
    2. By conducting a research on the Internet, analyze the Rwandan context in
    terms of electronic payment. Give the benefits to Rwandans if the country
    adopts electronic payment in all transactions.
    3. by WhatsApp and Instagram

    3.3.2. Irembo local online services
    Activity 3.8
    By searching the Internet, list the services available for Irembo.rw and analyze
    them if they meet the expectations of the local population.

    Irembo is an initiative by the Government of Rwanda aiming at improving its
    service delivery to the citizens and businesses. Irembo is the one-stop portal
    for e-Government services. Irembo as a platform has the role of the provision of

    Government services online with ease, efficiency and reliability.

    How to create account from irembo

    • Type www.irembo.gov.rw in the address bar of your browser

    Fill in dialogue box black space
    a. Password place
    b. Confirm Password
    c. Email

    d. Captcha Text

    These services are subject to changes as some services can be added but the
    ultimate goals is to have all services offered through this platform.
    a. Requesting for Irembo service
    Requesting for services on Irembo requires first to have a username which is the

    identity card number without the last three digits and a password

    b. Current Irembo services

    Currently, Irembo services are into these categories:
    1. Immigration and emigration
    2. Land
    3. Local government
    4. National ID
    5. Notarization and Gazette services
    6. Police
    7. Rwandans living abroad
    8. Media
    9. Education
    10. Health
    11. Ubudehe and mutuelle
    12. Institutions of national meseum of Rwanda
    13. Transportation

    14. Tourism

    Requesting for a criminal records clearance
    1. Open irembo website
    2. Enter your ID and Password
    3. Payment using VISA, MasterCard , MTN Mobile money(*182#), airtel
    4. (*182#), Tigo(*310#) Mobicash or BK
    5. After paying you send sms/email confirming that you have requested a
    service and service paid
    6. Feedback of certificate must be sent to you after 3 days
    Advantages of using irembo
    1. Helps citizens to save a time
    2. Save transport
    3. People can request a service when he or she is at home
    4. Reducing corruption malpractices
    5. It creates jobs
    6. It simplifies access to the Government services
    7. Avoiding friendship

    APPLICATION ACTIVITY 3.8
    1. List and explain 5 advantages of using IREMBO Service
    2. Explain at least 3 problems that Irembo services have come to solve

    End Unit assessment 3
    1. Give the difference between WhatsApp , Instagram and Twitter ?
    2. Using a clear example, explain 3 common features of social media
    3. Give examples of services that can be paid electronically in Rwanda
    4. Give 3 differences between credit card payment and mobile money.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    1. National Curriculum Development Centre (NCDC). (2011). ICT Syllabus for
    Upper Secondary. Kigali.
    2. MYICT. (2011). National ICT strategy and plan NICI III-2015.Kigali.
    3. National Curriculum Development Centre (NCDC). (2006). ICT syllabus for
    Lower Secondary Education. Kigali.
    4. Pearson Education. (2010). Computer Concepts.
    5. Rwanda Education Board (REB), (2019), ICT Syllabus for TTC, (2019),
    Kigali
    6. Rwanda Education Board (REB) (2019), Computer Science S5 student’s
    book
    7. Rwanda Education Board (REB) (2019), Computer Science S6 student’s
    book
    8. Rwanda Education Board (REB) (2019), Information and Communication
    Technology for Rwandan Schools Secondary 1 Students’ Book
    9. Rwanda Education Board (REB) (2019), Information and Communication
    Technology for Rwandan Schools Secondary 1 Students’ Book
    10. Rwanda Education Board (REB) (2019), Information and Communication
    Technology for Rwandan Schools Secondary 2 Students’ Book
    11. Longhorn Publishers (2016) Computer Science For Rwandan Schools
    Senior Four Student’s Book
    12. Fountain Publishers (2016) Information and Communication Technology

    (ICT) for Rwanda Schools Learner’s Book Senior Three

    ◄UNIT 2: ADVANCED POWER POINTTopic 4►