◄UMUTWE WA 3 IMIYOBORERE MYIZATopic 5►

UMUTWE WA 4 INGARUKA Z’IBIYOBYABWENGE

  • UMUTWE WA 4 INGARUKA Z’IBIYOBYABWENGE

    IV.1. Umwandiko: Twirinde ibiyobyabwenge





















    4.1.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko


    4.1.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko



    IV.2 Inkuru ishushanyije


    4.2.1. Inshoza y’inkuru ishushanyije
    Inkuru ishushanyije ni inkuru iteye nk’ikiganiro aho abantu babiri cyangwa benshi
    baganira bungurana ibitekerezo, bajya impaka zubaka cyangwa zisenya. Bene
    izi nkuru zishushanyije zibangikanya amagambo n’amashusho y’abanyarubuga.
    Amagambo avugwa ashyirwa mu tuziga dufite uturizo dufite ikerekezo cy’aho
    umunyarubuga uyavuga aherereye.

    Bigaragara neza ko inkuru ishushanyije idashyirwa mu bika ahubwo amashusho
    y’abakinankuru n’amagambo bavuga bishyirwa mu tudirishya tugenda
    dutondekwa bahereye ibumoso bajya iburyo. Inkuru ishushanyije itera amatsiko
    ashingiye ku ibangikana ry’amagambo n’amashusho. Umukinankuru iyo
    agaragaza imbamutima ze, amashusho arabigaragaza. Amagambo iteka aba

    afitanye isano ijyanye neza n’ikivugwa.

    4.2.2. Uturango tw’inkuru ishushanyije
    Inkuru ishushanyije irangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
    -- Umurambararo: uruhererekane rutambitse rw’amashusho.
    -- Igipande: urupapuro rwose rugizwe n’imirambararo.
    -- Urukiramende: umwanya wanditsemo ibisobanuro bitangwa
    n’umubarankuru. Ibyo bisobanuro byitwa imvugo ngobe.
    -- Agatoki: ni agashushanyo k’akaziga gasongoye gahuza amagambo
    n’uyavuga.
    -- Akazu: ni umwanya w’ishusho utangiwe n’idirishya.
    -- Idirishya: imbibi z’ishusho cyangwa z’akazu.
    -- Uruvugiro: ni umwanya urimo ikiganiro cy’abanyarubuga.
    -- Akarangandoto: ni agashushanyo k’akaziga kariho akarongo kagizwe
    n’utudomo kerekera ku muntu kagaragaza ibyo arota cyangwa atekereza.
    -- Imvugondoto: ni amagambo umuntu ashobora gusoma ku gipande
    aranga icyo umunyarubuga atekereza cyangwa
    se aranga umwivugisho w’umunyarubuga.
    -- Agakino: ni uruhererekane rw’amashusho ari mu muteguro umwe. Ni
    ukuvuga abanyarubuga bamwe hatagize usohokamo cyangwa undi
    winjiramo.
    -- Abanyarubuga:ni abantu, ibintu cyangwa inyamaswa bifite icyo bikora

    mu nkuru.

    IV.3. Ikomora: Ikomorazina


    Inshoza y’ikomora
    Ikomora ni uburyo ijambo rishobora kuva ku bundi bwoko bw’ ijambo hakoreshejwe
    inzira zinyuranye. Inshinga zishobora gukomokwaho n’ inshinga hifashishijwe
    imigereka aribyo bita ikomoranshinga. Zishobora no gukomokwaho n’ amazina
    cyangwa amazina agakomokwaho n’ andi mazina aribyo bita ikomorazina. Muri
    iki gice turibanda ku ikomorazina.
    Mu Kinyarwannda, habaho uburyo bubiri bw’ ikomorazina aribwo ikomorazina
    mvazina n’ ikomorazina mvanshinga.

    1. Ikomorazina mvazina
    Ikomorazina ni uburyo bwo gukomora amazina ku yandi mazina, gukomora
    amazina ku nshinga cyangwa ku bundi bwoko bw’amagambo. Ikomorazina
    mvazina ni uburyo bwo kurema amazina mashya uhereye ku yandi mazina.

    Ingero



    -- Habaho inzira zitandukanye zo gukomora amazina ku yandi. Iyo izina
    ryakomotse ku rindi bigira icyo bihindura ku nyito yaryo ugereranyije
    n’iy’izina ryaribyaye; cyokora izo nyito zombi zikomeza kugirana isano. Dore

    zimwe mu nzira z’ikomorazina mvazina zikunze kugaragara:

    a) Isubiramo ry’igicumbi k’izina

    Ingero


    b) Ihindura ry’inteko y’ijambo

    Ingero


    c) Iyongera ry’akabimbura”nya na nyira” mu izina ryari risanzwe

    Ingero


    d) Ihindura ry’izina rusange mo izina bwite

    Ingero



    e) Izina ryitirira cyangwa rigaragaza isano hagati y’ibintu bibiri

    Ingero


    f) Ikoreshwa ry’umusuma ku izina risanzwe

    Ingero


    -- Amazina akomoka ku ikomorazina mvazina agira intego nk’iy’izina mbonera
    cyangwa se izina ry’urusobe bitewe n’imiremere yayo.

    Ingero


    2. Ikomorazina mvanshinga
    Ikomorazina mvanshinga ni ihimba ry’amazina mashya afatiye ku mizi y’inshinga
    zisanzwe mu rurimi. Amazina menshi y’Ikinyarwanda akomoka ku nshinga. Hari
    ndetse amazina amwe n’amwe umuntu agira ngo ni umwimerere kandi akomoka
    ku nshinga.

    Ingero

    






    Ikitonderwa: Iyi misozo y’ikomorazina mvanshinga ishobora no gukorana
    n’inshinga zifite ingereka.

    Ingero





    Inshoza y’ikeshamvugo
    Ikeshamvugo ni ubuhanga bukoreshwa mu kuvuga no guhanga mu
    Kinyarwanda . Iyo akaba ari imvugo inoze, yuje ikinyabupfura, ifite inganzo kandi
    ivugitse ku buryo bunoze. Ikeshamvugo ahanini, ni imvugo ikoreshwa mu guha
    agaciro umuntu uyu n’uyu cyangwa ikintu iki n’iki bitewe n’akamaro gifite mu
    muco w’Abanyarwanda, bityo hakirindwa gukoreshwa izina ryacyo mu buryo

    bukocamye. Mu ikeshamvugo ni ho hakoreshwa ijambo “Ntibavuga, bavuga”.
    Umuntu akaba yabasha gutandukanya imvugo ikoreshwa ku mwami, ku ngoma,
    ku nka, ku mata ku gisabo ku isekuru n’ibindi.

    4.4.1. Ikeshamvugo ku nka





    4.4.3. Ikeshamvugo ku ngoma







    4.5.1. Inshoza n’uturango by’inshoberamahanga
    Dukurikije inyito yazo, inshoberamahanga ni imvugo umuntu utarakenetse
    ururimi adahita yumva igisobanuro cyazo, iyo bazivuze. Bavuga ko ikintu
    cyashobeye umuntu iyo cyamunaniye akabura uko abigenza ndetse n’uko
    agisobanura. Akenshi na kenshi abumva bene izo mvugo ntibazisobanukirwe ni
    abanyamahanga kuko baba batazi umuco cyangwa amateka y’u Rwanda kandi
    inshoberamahanga ari byo zishingiyeho. Aho ni na ho haturutse kwita bene izo
    mvugo “inshoberamahanga”.

    Ingero:
    Gufatwa mpiri.
    Kuvoma hafi.
    Kurambika inda ku muyaga.
    Guta inyuma ya Huye.
    Inshoberamahanga irangwa no kuba igizwe n’inshinga n’icyuzuzo cyayo. Ikaba
    kandi ikoresha imvugo shusho itandukanye n’ibisobanuro by’amagambo ayigize.

    4.5.2 Gusobanura inshoberamahanga
    Dukurikije imiterere yayo, inshoberamahanga ni imvugo ifite igisobanuro kidahuye
    n’igisobanuro k’ijambo cyangwa amagambo ayigize. Mu kuyisobanura bisaba ko
    umuntu aba amenyereye umuco n’ururimi by’Ikinyarwanda.

    Ingero
    -- Gutora agatotsi: gusinzira
    -- Gusuka amarira: kurira
    -- Guca inshuro: gukorera ibyo kurya
    -- Gushira amanga: kutagira ubwoba/kutagira umususu.
    -- Kuvoma hafi: kurakazwa n’ubusa/kurizwa n’ubusa.
    -- Gutera isekuru: kugenda ucumbagira
    -- Gufatwa mpiri: gufatwa uri muzima
    -- Kurambika inda ku muyaga: Kwiruka cyane.
    -- Guta inyuma ya Huye: kuvugira ubusa uwo ubwira adashyira mu bikorwa

    ibyo umubwira.

    IV.6. Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
    Uhereye ku biranga inkuru ishushanyije, hanga inkuru ishushanyije ku
    nsanganyatsiko wihitiyemo maze ukoreshemo inshoberamahanga nibura eshanu

    ndetse n’amagambo yabugenewe ku nyamanswa cyangwa ibintu bitandukanye.

    IV.7. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kane
    Soma umwandiko ukurikira usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.
    Umwandiko: Ingaruka z’ibiyobyabwenge mu rubyiruko
    Muvara ni umwana w’umuhungu uri mu kigero k’imyaka cumi n’itandatu. Amaso
    yaratukuye, iyo agenda mu nzira agenda yivugisha ahekenya amenyo. Umunsi
    umwe twahuriye mu gatsibanzira kitaruye ikigo k’ishuri cya Mabimba atumagura
    itabi rizinze mu ikoma ryumye. Yari yambaye impuzankano bigaragara ko ari
    umunyeshuri. Ndamwegera, ndamusuhuza maze turatangira turaganira.
    Uraho yewe mwa?

    Ndi aha nyine ntundeba se! Ee! Bite meri wange? Ubu nge mba ndi mu maswingi
    wana ntabwo nshaka amagambo menshi!
    Akimara kunsubiza atyo mpita menya ko ari umwana wokamwe n’ibiyobyabwenge
    ndamwegera ntangira kumuganiriza ntuje. Ambwira ko ari umunyeshuri wiga mu
    mwaka wa mbere. Ikigero ke nticyatumaga wakeka ko yiga mu mwaka wa mbere
    ahubwo wamukekeraga kuba yararangije amashuri yisumbuye. Ndakomeza
    ndamuganiriza nihanganira imvugo nyandagazi yakoreshaga kuko nabonaga na
    we atari we ahubwo abiterwa no kubatwa n’ibiyobyabwenge.

    Ageze aho atangira gucururuka maze aranyemerera duhuza urugwiro. Icya
    mbere nifuzaga kumenya, ni ibiyobyabwenge urubyiruko rw’abanyeshuri
    bakoresha ibyo ari byo, igihe babifatira, aho babikura n’igituma babifata. Nyuma
    y’ikiganiro kirekire nagiranye na we nsanga ibiyobyabwenge bikunze gukoreshwa
    n’urubyiruko rw’abanyeshuri ari urumogi, kanyanga n’indi nzoga ntamenye neza
    yitaga siriduwire. Ansobanurira ko babifata mu kiruhuko cyabo bari ku ishuri.
    Ikindi kandi yambwiye ni uko ngo akenshi babifata iyo bari mu biruhuko bisoza
    igihembwe cyangwa ibisoza umwaka; babeshya ababyeyi babo babafata ku
    maso ko bagiye gusobanurirana amasomo ubundi bakigira mu biyobyabwenge.

    Akimara kumbwira ibyo byanteye amatsiko yo kumenya aho babikura n’uko
    babibona kandi nta mafaranga baba bakorera dore ko bigurwa n’amafaranga
    menshi. Ansobanurira ko bayiba iwabo cyangwa bagakoresha amafaranga
    baba bahawe nyuma yo kubeshya ababyeyi ko batumwe n’ishuri ibikoresho
    runaka. Ansobanurira kandi ko aho babikura ari henshi ko hari bagenzi babo
    biga bataha baba babicuruza babizana mu dukapu twabo. Hari n’abaturanyi
    baba babicuruza bakabigura na bo mu gihe k’ikiruhuko cya saa yine cyangwa
    saa sita bakabibagurishiriza ku ruzitiro rw’ishuri inyuma y’amashuri ahategereye
    ubuyobozi bw’ishuri.

    Ku giti ke, mubaza icyamuteye kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ansobanurira ko bagenzi
    be bamubwiraga ko bituma atinyuka, agasubiza mu ishuri ashize amanga kandi
    ko ngo binatera akanyabugabo. Nkimara kumva ibisobanuro yampaga nsanga
    ngomba kumuba hafi nkamufasha kureka ibiyobyabwenge.

    Muganiriza ntuje mwumvisha uburyo kuba akiri mu wa mbere kandi abandi
    bangana bararangije amashuri yisumbuye ari ukubera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge
    bigatuma asiba kenshi ishuri, yakora ibizamini agatsindwa agahora asibira.
    Musobanurira ko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’ubikoresha nko gutukura amaso,
    kudatekereza neza, kutagira ikinyabupfura, kudasinzira iyo atabikoresheje…
    Ikindi kandi musobanurira uburyo ibiyobyabwenge bigira ingaruka ku iterambere
    ry’igihugu mugaragariza uburyo ubikoresha adakora kubera kubura imbaraga
    kandi ko n’amafaranga abigura aba akwiye kumuteza imbere cyangwa agateza
    imbere igihugu. Ariyumvira hashize umwanya aransubiza ati: “None se nakora
    iki?” Mubwira ko yabireka kandi akagaragaza n’abandi bagenzi be babifata ku
    ishuri ndetse akanavuga uburyo babibona n’aho babikura. Hashira umwanya
    munini yiyumvira ageze aho arambwira ati: “Nge ngiye kubireka kandi n’amaniga
    yange ndayagira inama abireke. Ni byo bituma ntatsinda mu ishuri kandi
    bigatuma mpora mbeshya ababyeyi, mbiba amafaranga! Ahubwo urakoze kuba
    ungiriye iyi nama. None se ko nabitangiye bambwira ko nzashira ubwoba nkajya
    nsubiza neza mu ishuri none nkaba maze imyaka ine mu wa mbere bimariye
    iki? Ndabiretse! Ahubwo n’utu tubure nari nsigaranye reka ntujugunye ndetse
    n’aka ka siriduwire reka nkajugunye. Ubu nange mfashe umugambi wo kugira
    inama nk’iyi ungiriye urubyiruko rw’abanyeshuri bangenzi bange ndetse n’urundi
    rubyiruko duturanye rutiga, na bo bareke ibiyobyabwenge twiyubakire Igihugu.”
    Akimbwira atyo mukora mu ntoki ndamushimira mubwira ko nzajya nza kumusura
    kenshi nkamuganiriza. Aranyemerera ansezeraho arataha.

    Nyuma y’icyo kiganiro na we, binyereka ko abaturanyi n’ababyeyi ari ngombwa
    cyane ko bakurikirana imyigire y’abana babo ku ishuri. Bakamenya igituma
    batiga neza kandi bakagenzura niba amafaranga yose abana babo babasaba
    bavuga ko bayatumwe ku ishuri biba ari byo koko. Buri mubyeyi ahuze urugwiro
    n’umwana. Bakurikirane imyigire y’abanyeshuri biga bataha iwabo, abarimu
    bagenzure ibyo bashobora kuzana ku ishuri, babaze ababyeyi impamvu abana
    babo bataboneka buri munsi ku ishuri iyo hari abo babonaho iyo ngeso yo gusiba
    kenshi. Abayobozi b’ishuri bagomba gushishikariza buri munyeshuri kugaragaza
    bagenzi be bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa se abakekwaho kubikoresha
    kugira ngo bagirwe inama. Ni ngombwa gufatanya n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta
    bakagenzura abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge babiha abanyeshuri bakabashyikiriza

    inzego zibishinzwe.

    I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
    1. Ni nde uvugwa muri uyu mwandiko? Aravugwaho iki? Iyo umurebye
    ubona arangwa n’iki? Kubera iki?
    2. Vuga ububi bwo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ushingiye kuri uyu mwandiko.
    3. Ni izihe ngamba zivugwa mu mwandiko zo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge mu
    rubyiruko no mu mashuri by’umwihariko?
    4. Vuga ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri mu mwandiko umaze gusoma.
    5. Gereranya ubuzima ubamo n’ibivugwa mu mwandiko, ugeza ku bandi
    inyigisho wakuye mu mwandiko.
    6. Vuga ingaruka z’ibiyobyabwenge mu muryango nyarwanda.

    II. Ikibazo k’inyunguramagambo
    Ubaka interuro zawe bwite ukoresheje amagambo akurikira dusanga mu
    mwandiko.
    a) Impuzankano
    b) Kubatwa n’ibiyobyabwenge
    c) Imvugo nyandagazi
    d) Gucururuka
    e) Guhuza urugwiro
    III. Ibibazo ku kibonezamvugo
    1. Tahura amazina akomoka ku ikomorazina mu nteruro zikurikira maze
    ugaragaze inzira z’ikomorazina zifashishijwe kugira ngo haboneke ayo
    mazina.
    a) Imitobotobo ikunda kuba ku mirombero y’inzira.
    b) Umuvuzi w’amatungo yahamagajwe n’akarere.
    c) Muvara yari yarabaye imbata y’itabi.
    2. Sesengura amazina y’umukara tsiri ari mu nteruro zikurikira, ugaragaza
    intego yayo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi.
    a) Mu gihe k’ikiruhuko cya saa yine, abanyeshuri babaswe n’ibiyoyabwenge
    nibwo bajya kubigura.

    b) Nyiramana ni umunyamwuga.
    c) Amahenehene agira intungamubiri nyinshi.
    IV. Ibibazo ku nkuru ishushanyije, ku ikeshamvugo no ku
    nshoberamahanga
    1. Uzuza iyi mbonerahamwe


    2. Tahura mu gika gikurikira inshoberamahanga, uzikoreshe mu nteruro
    zawe bwite.
    .....Mubyeyi, rwose urakoze. Ntabwo ugosoreye mu rucaca cyangwa ngo
    ute inyuma ya Huye. Ubu nange mfashe umugambi wo kugira inama nk’iyi
    ungiriye urubyiruko rw’abanyeshuri bangenzi bange ndetse n’urundi rubyiruko
    duturanye rutiga, na bo bareke ibiyobyabwenge. Abazanga kuva mu ngeso mbi
    z’ibiyobyabwege, nzatungira agatoki inzego z’umutekano zibate muri yombi
    kugira ngo bage kugororwa. ” Akimbwira atyo, mukora mu ntoki ndamushimira,
    mubwira ko nzajya nza kumusura kenshi nkamuganiriza. Aranyemerera
    ansezeraho arataha.
    3. Akarangandoto gatandukaniye he n’agatoki?
    4. Hanga inkuru ngufi ishushanyije ku nsanganyamatsiko wihitiyemo.
    IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE
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    4. INTEKO NYARWANDA Y’URURIMI N’UMUCO (2014). Amabwiriza
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    Imbuga nkoranyambaga zifashishijwe
    1. www.irembo.gov.rw

    2. www.imirasire.com

    IMIGEREKA
    Twiyungure amagambo
    Ako ku mugongo w’ingona: urumogi cyangwa kanabisi.
    Amaniga: Ni imvugo nyandagazi isobanura bagenzi bawe, urungano.
    Amashyushyu: amatsiko.
    Anyihunza: agenda amva iruhande, agenda yigirayo.
    Bahezwaga: Nta mwanya bahabwaga.
    Bakanirwe urubakwiye: bahabwe igihano kingana n’uburemere bw’ibibi
    bakoze.
    Bimwanga mu nda: ntiyashobora kubyihanganira.
    Bimwanga mu nda: ntiyashobora kubyihanganira.
    Gucanganyikirwa: gusara.
    Gucanganyikirwa: gusara.
    Guhanga umuntu amaso: kwitegereza umuntu cyane.
    Guhanga umuntu amaso: kwitegereza umuntu cyane.
    Guhiga: kwiyemeza ibintu uzakora mu gihe runaka.
    Guhungabana: gukangarana bitewe n’ibyo wabonye cyangwa ibyagubayeho.
    Gukorera umuntu ibya mfura mbi: kumuhohotera cyane ukamugirira nabi
    bikabije.
    Gukorera umuntu ibya mfura mbi: kumuhohotera cyane ukamugirira nabi
    bikabije.
    Gupyinagazanya: Gukandamizanya.
    Gusaba: kuzura mu muntu by’ikintu kimutera ibyishimo cyangwa ububabare
    cyangwa kumutaha by’indwara; gukwirakwira ahantu hose kw’amazi, umunuko
    n’ibindi.
    Gushinyagurira umuntu: kongerera ububabare uwari asanzwe abufite.
    Gushinyagurira umuntu: kongerera ububabare uwari asanzwe abufite.
    Gusubira ibwonko: Kwibaza.
    Guta umutwe: kubura icyo ukora n’icyo ureka kubera ibibazo
    Guta umutwe: kubura icyo ukora n’icyo ureka kubera ibibazo
    Ibiyobyabwenge: ni ibintu byose umuntu ashobora kunywa, kurya, guhumeka
    cyangwa kwitera mu mubiri bikaba byahindura imikorere y’umubiri we,
    bikawangiza kandi bigatera indwara. Mu yandi magabo, ibiyobyabwenge, ni ibintu
    byose iyo byinjijwe mu mubiri w’umuntu hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye,
    bihindura imikorere y’ubwonko n’imyanya y’ibyiyumviro ntikore neza, bigatuma
    umuntu ahindura imyifatire mu buryo budahwitse
    Icyomanzi: izina baha umuntu w’urubyiruko ugenda araraguzwa cyangwa
    wigize inzererezi kandi akaba afite imyitwarire ikemangwa.
    Igenamigambi: Gahunda y’itegurwa ry’ibikorwa abantu biyemeza kuzageraho
    mu gihe runaka. Uburyo bwo gutekereza cyangwa gutegura ikintu uzakora
    mbere y’igihe.
    Igitambambuga: umwana ukiri muto ukambakamba.
    Ihame: Ukuri kudakuka, ikintu kemejwe burundu.
    Ikimenyane: uburyo umuntu aha amahirwe abantu bamwe akirengagiza abandi
    bitewe n’ impamvu runaka.
    Ikirezi: ubwiza, uburanga, ihoho. Bishatse kuvuga nanone akazu keza kaba ku
    dusimba tumwe na tumwe tuba mu nyanja abantu badukoramo imitako myiza
    cyane.
    Imbonezamubano: Ikintu kerekeranye n’imibanire myiza y’abaturage.
    Impano: Ikintu kiza Imana iba yarateganyirije umuntu cyangwa umuntu aba
    yarateguriye undi akazakimuha kikamubera urwibutso.
    Inshuke: umwana muto umaze kuva ku ibere atacyonka
    Inteko: abantu benshi bari hamwe.
    Inyangabirama: umugizi wa nabi.
    Inyangabirama: umugizi wa nabi.
    Inzego bwite: Ni imirimo n’imikorere idasangiwe n’abantu abo ari bo bose
    ishyirwaho ikanagenzurwa na leta by’umwihariko.
    Iragushora: Irakuyobya.
    Ishavu: agahinda gakomeye umuntu aterwa no kwibuka inabi yagiriwe cyangwa
    ibibi yabonye.
    Izungura: Gusimbura umuntu mu bye ukabyitungira, yaba abiguhaye, apfuye
    nta we abiraze cyangwa ubimukuyemo.
    Kufira: kurandura ibyatsi byameze mu myaka.
    Kuganza: gutsinda, gutera ubwoba, gutinywa, kubahwa kubera isumbwe
    urusha abandi.
    Kugwa mu kantu: kumirwa ukabura icyo uvuga.
    Kugwa mu kantu: kumirwa ukabura icyo uvuga.
    Kuronka: kubona ikintu ushaka.
    Kuvugira hejuru: gusakuza, kuvuga cyane.
    Kwesa imihigo: kurangiza ibyo wiyemeje gukora mu gihe wihaye.
    Kwinumira: kutagira icyo uvuga ukicececera.
    Kwisungana: kwifatanya, kwegeranya imbaraga kugira ngo mubashe gukora
    icyo umuntu umwe atakwishoboza.
    Kwiyesura: kwiterera hejuru kubera agahinda ufite.
    Kwizimba mu magambo: kumara umwanya munini uvuga ugatuma abantu
    barambirwa.
    Kwizimba: gutinda ahantu cyangwa mu bintu.
    Mutima w’urugo: ijambo ry’icyubahiro rivuga umugore usobanukiwe neza
    n’ibijyane no kubaka urugo.
    Ntigukura: Ntikugarura, ntigukiza.
    Raboratwari:inzu bapimiramo indwara z’abantu, iz’amatungo cyangwa
    ikorerwamo ubushakashatsi bunyuranye hifashishijwe ibikoresho byabugenewe.
    Ubukangurambaga: igikorwa cyo gushishikariza abantu benshi kwitabira
    ikintu runaka.
    Ubukangurambaga: Inyigisho ku kintu runaka zihabwa abantu benshi ku buryo
    buhoraho.
    Ubukombe: umugabo cyangwa imfizi bikuze kandi bihamye.
    Uburoko: ahantu bafungira abantu, gereza, muri kasho.
    Ubwehe: impamvu y’ibanze, intandaro y’ibyago, umutima wuje ubugwanabi,
    icyago kirimbura ibintu.
    Umunyamashyengo: Umuntu ukunda gusetsa cyane .
    Umunyotwe: umuriro umeze nk’ivu.
    Umunyotwe: umuriro umeze nk’ivu.
    Umutware: umuyobozi cyangwa ukuriye abandi mu muryango cyangwa mu
    buyobozi runaka.
    Umuviye: ijambo ryo mu mvugo nyandagazi rikomoka ku rurimi rw’igifaransa
    risobanura umuntu ukuze, umusaza.
    Wana: ijambo ryo mu mvugo nyandagazi rifite inyito ya shahu.
    Imyandiko y’inyongera
    Igisigo : Naje kubara inkuru





    Bifatiye ku byavuye mu gitabo k’Ikinyarwanda, umwaka wa Gatandatu, 2008

    urup.46-48






















    


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