IGICE CYA II: IMYIGISHIRIZE YA BURI NYIGISHO►

IGICE CYA I: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE

  • IGICE CYA I: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE

    1.0. Intangiriro

    Ibonezabuzima ni kimwe mu byigwa bigenewe abana b’inshuke kuva ku myaka 3 kugeza ku myaka 6. Ibikorwa bikubiye mu nyigisho zigize ikigwa k’ibonezabuzimabifasha abana:

    •  Guteza imbere imiyego y’ingingo z’umubiri wose muri rusange, no ku buryobw’umwihariko kunoza imiyego y’ingingo nto     n’imiyego y’ingingo nini no kwigirira ikizere mu myitozo ngororamubiri inyuranye. Bifasha kandi abanagukangura  imyanya y’ibyumviro binyujijwe mu mikino inyuranye.   
    •   Kwiyitaho no kwikorera isuku y’ibanze bo ubwabo no kugaragaza uruharerwabo mu isuku y’ibikoresho binyuranye ku  ishuri no mu rugo babifashijwemon’abarezi babo cyangwa ababarera.
    • Kugaragaza ko bumva ko bakwiye kurya ibiribwa bizima bifite isuku kandi birimo intungamubiri zinyuranye.
    • Gusobanukirwa n’indwara zikunze kwibasira abana n’izandura ziboneka ahobatuye, ku vuga ibitera izo ndwara no gufata ingamba zirebana no kwirindakuzandura no kuzikwirakwiza.
    •  Kugaragaza imyitwarire myiza no kwirinda imyitwarire yabateza ibibazo n’impanuka mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
    Ikigamijwe cyane mu kigwa k’ibonezabuzima ni uguha abana ubumenyi,ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha butuma bashobora gukoresha ingingo z’umubiri wabo gukangura imyanya y’ibyumviro, kwiyitaho no kugira uruhare mu kurinda ubuzima
    bwabo.
    1.1. Impamvu z’iki gitabo
    Igitabo k’ibonezabuzima cy’ umwarimu mu mashuri y’inshuke gikubiyemo uburyo bwo kuyobora abarezi bo muri iki kiciro cy’uburezi ku bijyanye n’imyigire  n’imyigishirize y’ikigwa k’ibonezabuzima. Iyi nyoborabarezi izafasha mu gukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe abarezi bahura nabyo mu myigishirize yabo. Izabafasha kubona uburyo buboneye bwo kwigisha abana b’inshuke binyuze mu mikino n’indirimbo, kugaragaza ingero z’imfashanyigisho zishobora kwifashishwa mu  kwigisha amasomoatandukanye y’ibonezabuzima ndetse n’ibikorwa binyuranye byakorwa n’abana ubwabo cyangwa bayobowe n’umurezi. Iyi nyoborabarezi iha umurezi ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibonezabuzima n’ibindi byigwa cyane ko ingengabihe y’ibikorwa by’umunsi mu mashuri y’inshuke itanga amahirwe yo kwinjiza iki kigwa mu bindi byigwa n’ibikorwa bisanzwe by’umunsi,
    1.2. Imiterere y’iki gitabo
    Igitabo k’ibonezabuzima cy’ umwarimu cyubakiye ku nyigisho n’imitwe igaragara mu nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke. Imitwe yose uko ari cumi n’umunani (18) ihuriye ku nyigisho esheshatu (6) zikurikirana kuva mu mwaka wa mbere kugera
    mu mwaka wa gatatu ari zo Imiyego y’ingingo nini, Imiyego y’ingingo nto, Kugira umuco w’isuku, Ubuzima bwiza/imirire myiza, Indwara zikunze kwibasira abana, Kwiyitaho no kwita ku bintu bye. Iyi nyoborabarezi ifite ibice bikurikira:
    Iki gice kivuga muri rusange kuri iyi nyoborabarezi n’uburyo bwo kuyikoresha neza
    Iki gice kigaragaza uko buri nyigisho, imitwe iyigize n’amasomo byigishwa. Buri nyigisho yanditse ku buryo hagaragazwa uko imitwe ikubiye muri iyo nyigisho  ikurikirana kuva mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu wa gatatu. Buri nyigisho igaragaramo ibice bikurikira:
    • Intangiriro: Ivuga muri make ku miterere y’iyo nyigisho, icyo izafasha abanan’uburyo bw’imyigire n’imyigishirize yayo. Harimo kandi imbonerahamwey’uruhererekane rw’imitwe n’amasomo bigize inyigisho.
    Imyigishirize ya buri mutwe: Iki gice kigaragaza umwaka, izina ry’umutwe n’imbata z’amasomo agize uwo mutwe. Aha niho hagaragara inama umureziakeneye kugira ngo ayobore neza buri somo. Muri buri mutwe hagaragazwa ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe, ingingo nsanganyamasomo, inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo, izindi nama n’amakuru bijyanye n’umutwe, ihuriro ry’umutwe n’ibindi byigwa n’isuzuma risoza umutwe.
    Iyi nyoborabarezi irangirira ku rutonde rw’ibitabo byifashishijwe ndetse n’imigeraka itandukanye.

    • Igice cya mbere: Imiterere y’inyoborabarezi y’ikigwa k’ibonezabuzima kugira ngo imyigire n’imyigishirize y’ibiyikubiyemo bikorwe neza.

    • Igice cya kabiri: Imyigishirize ya buri nyigisho

    1.3. Uburyo bw’imyigire n’imyigishirize bukoreshwa mu kwigisha ibonezabuzima mu mashuri y’inshuke

    Imyigire n’imyigishirize y’amasomo yo mu kigwa cy’ibonezabuzima ishingiye ku bikorwa biha uruhare umwana mu myigire ye. Mu kwigisha Ibonezabuzima ni ngombwa kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe herekanwa akamaro isomo rifitiye abana.

    Mu kwigisha no kwiga amasomo y’ibonezabuzima, umurezi azihatira gukoresha udukino, indirimbo n’imivugo. Ibonezabuzima ryigishwa kandi ryigwa umwana ahabwa ibikorwa bifatika bimwinjiza mu buzima busanzwe kuko ibyo umwana akora n’ibyo yitegereza mu buzima abamo ari byo bimugira umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza. Umurezi azategura imfashanyigisho zifatika kandi zinyuranye kugira ngo yorohereze umwana kwiga binyuze mu byumviro by’umubiri we.

    Bitewe n’uburyo iki kigwa kisanisha n’ibindi byigwa, umurezi azakoresha uburyo bwose asanzwe akoresha yigisha ibindi byigwa mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’umwana mu ibonezabuzima. Akenshi umwana azahabwa umwanya wo:

    1. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri

    2. Kwigana umurezi n’ababyeyi/ abamurera mu bikorwa by’isuku, kwiyitaho,…..

    3. Gukorera mu matsinda mato cyangwa manini

    4. Gukora ku giti ke

    5. Gukina imikino n’ikinamico byinshi binyuranye

    6. Kuririmba indirimbo ngufi

    7. Kwitegereza

    8. Gutega amatwi no kuvuga inkuru

    9. Gukora ingendoshuri

    10. Gukora umukoro n’udushinga tujyanye n’ibyigwa

    11. Gukemura ibibazo ahura nabyo mu buzima bwe buri munsi

    1.4. Uburyo bwo gukoresha igitabo k’ibonezabuzima n’izindi mfashanyigisho

    Iyi nyoborabarezi yateguwe kugira ngo yereke umurezi uko yayobora amasomo y’ibonezabuzima umunsi ku wundi. Iyi nyoboraberezi ntabwo yihagije yo yonyine kuko igendana n’ibitabo by’umwana dore ko hari aho umurezi agomba kwifashisha igitabo cy’umwana cyane cyane mu kwerekana amafoto agaragaza ikigwa. Bityo, umurezi azakoresha ibindi bitabo harimo Integanyanyigisho, ibitabo by’umwana, isaranganyamasomo n’Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku Nteganyanyigisho y’Uburezi bw’Inshuke. Umurezi asabwa kandi gukoresha amakarita y’amafoto yaba ayaguzwe cyagwa ayo yishushanyirije, gukoresha ibikoresho n’ibindi byose biboneka hafi y’ishuri bifite icyo bifasha mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’ibonezabuzima. Hagendewe ku ihame ko umwana yiga neza iyo abigizemo uruhare kandi akoresha ibyumviro byose, umurezi arasabwa gukoresha imfashanyigisho nyinshi kandi zitandukanye (izaguzwe, izo yikorera, iziboneka ku ishuli n’aharikikije …), kugira ngo buri mwana afashwe mu myigire ye.

    1.5. Ibyo umurezi, umwana n’umubyeyi basabwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’ibonezabuzima.

    Uburezi bw’umwana busaba ubufatanye bwa buri wese ndetse n’umwana ubwe akagaragaza uruhare rwe. Ni byiza ko buri wese amenya neza uruhare rwe kuko ubwuzuzanye bwabo butuma abana biga neza.

    1.5.1. Ibyo umurezi asabwa gukora igihe yigisha ibonezabuzima.

    Kugira ngo imyigire n’imyigishirize igende neza, umurezi w’inshuke asabwa ibibikurikira:

    • Gutegura isomo rifite intego zumvikana kandi uburyo bwo kuzigeraho ntibugore umunyeshuri ndetse na we ubwe;

    • Kwita ku kigero cy’umunyeshuri kandi akamufasha kwiyigisha;

    • Gutanga ibikorwa bituma abana bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo;

    • Kuyobora no kugenzura niba ibyo umunyeshuri akora bigaragaza ubushobozi

    bushingiye ku bumenyi, ku bumenyingiro, ku bukesha no ku ndangagaciro

    ahabwa cyangwa atozwa n’umurezi n’ababyeyi;

    • Gutegura imfashanyigisho zijyanye n’isomo agiye kwigisha kandi zitarangaza

    abana ariko ashobora no gufatanya na bo kuzikora cyangwa akazibatuma;

    • Gutegura ibikorwa n’imyitozo aha abana ashingiye ku buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi no ku bintu basanzwe abona;

    • Kwita kuri buri munyeshuri abakangurira kugira uruhare mu byo bakora;

    • Guha umunyeshuri umwanya uhagije wo kugaragariza bagenzi be ibyo ashoboye no kubabwira ubushakashatsi yakoze;

    • Gutanga imyitozo yibanda ku bintu umunyeshuri ahura na byo mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi kandi ikaba imusaba                 gutekereza ku buryo bwihuse kandi bwimbitse;

    • Guha abana imyitozo ihagije mu gihe cyo kwiga n’imikoro batahana mu rugo kandi bakazayikosorera hamwe mu ishuri mbere        yo gutangira irindi somo;

    • Guhitamo aho amasomo atangirwa haba hanze cyangwa mu ishuri;

    • Kwigisha abana uhereye ku byo bazi mbere yo kugera ku isomo rishya kugira

     ngo bifashe abana kwivumburira isomo ry’umunsi;

    • Kwinjiza ingingo nsanganyamasomo mu kigwa k’ ibonezabuzima akoresheje imikino n’ibikorwa bitandukanye;

    • Guha abana imyitozo ihagije ituma bazamura/bubaka ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo kuko butagombera ikigwa runaka;

    • Kwigisha amasomo y’ibonezabuzima binyuze mu bindi byigwa.

    1.5.2. Ibyo umwana asabwa mu gihe yiga ibonezabuzima

    Kugira ngo imyigire igende neza, umwana mu mashuri y’inshuke asabwa ibi bikurikira:

    • Kumenya gukorana n’abandi, kwihangana no kwemeranya ku gisubizo kiri cyo;

    • Gukora ibikorwa bye bwite cyangwa gufatanya na bagenzi be;

    • Kwifashisha imfashanyigisho yahawe agakora ibyo umwarimu amubwira;

    • Kubaha bagenzi be no kugira ikinyabupfura mu ishuri;

    • Gufata neza ibikoresho bye n’iby’abandi;

    • Gufata neza ibikoresho bye n’iby’abandi;

    • Kumenya kwitegereza, gukorakora no gushyira ibintu mu buryo hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabo;

    • Gukina biga.

    1.5.3. Ibyo umubyeyi asabwa mu gihe akurikirana imyigire n’imyigishirizey’ ibonezabuzima

    Umwana wiga muri iki kiciro cy’amashuri y’inshuke aba akiri muto ku buryo ababyeyi basabwa kumuba hafi cyane mu buzima bushya bw’ishuri aba arimo. Ababyeyi basabwa ibi bikurikira:

    • Guha umwana ibikoresho byose nk’uko byagenwe n’ishuri yigaho;

    • Kubaza umwana ibyo yakoze ku ishuri buri munsi. Ibi bikorwa hagendewe ku kigero cy’umwana

    • Guha umwana umwanya wo gukora imikoro yo mu rugo no gukina yigana ibyo bize;

    • Kuyobora umwana igihe akora imikoro yo mu rugo;

    • Gushimira umwana ku byo akora byose no ku mutera akanyabugabo;

    • Gusura kenshi umwana ku ishuri no kuvugana kenshi n’umurezi ku myigire y’umwana;

    • Kugira imigirire yubaha ibikorwa by’ibonezabuzima mu rugo n’ibindi.

    1.6. Kwita ku burezi bw’abana bafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire yabo

    Umurezi azakoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gufasha abana bafite imbogamizi mu myigire yabo hitabwa ku bibazo bafite kugira ngo na bo bakurikire amasomo nk’abandi. Bimwe mu byo umurezi azakora ni ibi bikurikira:

    • Kubategurira imyitozo iri ku rwego rwabo, ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho byihariye mu gihe biga no mu gihe bakora isuzuma.

    • Gukurikirana ko nabo bagira uruhare mu myigire kimwe n’abandi bana

    • Gukurikirana ko bakina kimwe n’abandi bana

    • Kubakorera ubuvugizi igihe bikenewe hagamijwe kubabonera ubufasha bukenewe.

    1.7. Isuzumabushobozi mu kigwa k’ibonezabuzima

    Mu kigwa k’ibonezabuzima, isuzuma rizita kuri ibi bikurikira:

    • Isuzuma rigomba gushingira ku bushobozi, umwana agakora imyitozo ijyanye n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi ituma ashyira ibyo       yize mu bikorwa..

    • Isuzuma ryo kugorora imyigire n’imyigishirize hakoreshwa uburyo buziguye n’ubutaziguye hagamijwe gusuzuma ko abana bari    kwiga uko bikwiye. Iri suzuma rikorwa mu gihe cy’isomo hifashishijwe ibibazo n’imyitozo bitandukanye.

    • Ni ngombwa kugena ingingo ngenderwaho mu gusuzuma urwego rw’ubushobozi (ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha)     abana bategerejwe kugeraho muri buri somo. Urwo rwego rw’ubushobozi buteganyijwe mu nteganyanyigisho y’Ibonezabuzima.

    • Nyuma ya buri mutwe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma urwego buri mwana agezeho ugereranyije n’ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe    hubahirijwe ibyateganyijwe kugenderwaho mu isuzuma biri ku mpera ya buri mutwe. Ku mitwe yigwa umwaka wose, si     ngombwa gutegereza ko umutwe, igihembwe cyangwa  umwaka birangira. Gusuzuma urwego umwana agezeho bikorwa nyuma y’igihe gito kigereranyije nk’uko biteganyijwe mu isaranganyamasomo.

    • Ni ngombwa gusuzuma uko abana bagaragaza ubushobozi bukubiye mu byigwa ndetse n’ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo.

    • Mu isuzuma ni byiza gukoresha impurirane y’uburyo bukurikira:

    i. Kwitegereza ibikorwa n’imyitwarire by’umwana,

    ii. Ibibazo basubiza bavuga,

    iii. Ibibazo basubiza bandika biri ku rwego rwabo. Mu isuzuma, umurezi yuzuza ifishi y’iterambere ry’umwana umunsi ku wundi.

    • Mu isuzuma, ikigero cy’ubushobozi bw’umwana nticyandikwa mu mibare cyangwa mu ijanisha rigereranya abana ahubwo     hakoreshwa amagambo agaragaza urwego umwana agezeho (Birahebuje; Ni byiza cyane; Ni byiza, Aragerageza/Akeneye   kwitabwaho) n’ibindi bimenyetso (amabara, udukoni…).

    1.8. Imbonerahamwe y’ibyigwa bigize inyoborabarezi

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    IGICE CYA II: IMYIGISHIRIZE YA BURI NYIGISHO►