UBUGENI N'UMUCO TG GRADE 1-3

1.0. Intangiriro

Ibikorwa by’ubugeni n’umuco ni ingenzi ku bana biga mu mashuri y’inshuke kuko

umwana abyigiramo amasomo atandukanye.

Iyo abana batangiye amashuri y’inshuke, biga gushushanya bahereye ku misharabiko.

Icyo gihe bashimishwa no gusharabika ibintu bitandukanye byaba ibyo bihitiyemo

cyangwa se ibyo beretswe n’umurezi wabo. Inyigisho nyinshi zigishwa mu mashuri

y’inshuke, zigenda ziganisha mu gufasha umwana gushushanya ibyo yihitiyemo

kandi umurezi akabimufashamo.

Ni muri urwo rwego rero mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke, gushushanya

byigwa mu masomo umunani (8), mu mwaka wa kabiri bikigwa mu amasomo ane

(4), mu gihe mu mwaka wa gatatu byigwa mu masomo abiri (2).

1.0.1. Imbanerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza uruhererekane rw’amasomo yo

muri iyi nyigisho.

1.1. GUHANGA AMASHUSHO ABANA BIHITIYEMO CYANGWA

BAHAWE (Umwaka wa mbere)

1.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe

Abana bazaba bashobora guhanga amashusho y’ibintu bitandukanye bakoresheje

ibikoresho by’ubugeni mberajisho biboneka aho batuye.

1.1.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo

• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe

bashushanya ni kimwe mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro

kandi buri wese abashe kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe, bityo bimwubakemo

umuco wo kwihangana agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura

ibikoresho.

• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe

n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo

uruhare rungana.

• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya cyangwa basiga

amabara, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira

ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi yemerera abana

guhagarara cyangwa kwicara aho biborohera kubona no kumva neza.

• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya no gusiga amarangi

ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no

kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho

bakoreye.

1.1.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo

Guhanga amashusho hifashishijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye, ni ngombwa cyane

ko umwana utangira umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’inshuke, akenera amasomo

n’ibikorwa bizamura ubwenge bwe, ingingo ze ndetse n’iterambere mu rurimi.

Mu bugeni n’umuco, umurezi ni ngombwa ko yita ku myaka n’ikigero cy’umwana.

Niyo mpamvu mu guhanga amashusho, abana batangira bamenyerezwa gukoresha

amaboko n’ibiganza byabo bafashwa kumenyerezwa gufata no gukoresha ibikoresho

byose byifashishwa mu bugeni. Ni ngombwa gufasha abana ibikorwa byabo byose

no gushima amashusho abana bihangiye.

Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya akoresheje intoki n’ikiganza

Abana bashushanya bakoresheje intoki.

a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenyereza umwana gushushanya akoresheje intoki ze

n’ikiganza.

b. Imfashanyigisho: urupapuro, umucanga, ubutaka, amashusho n’amafoto

agaragaza abana bashushanya bakoresheje intoki ibiganza.

c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:

• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke,

• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco,

• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke,

• Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke

• Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke

d. Ibice by’isomo

Isomo rya kabiri : Gusubira mu ishusho

a) Intego y’isomo : Gushushanya yigana amashusho akoresheje uburyo n’ibikoresho

binyuranye.

b) Imfashanyigisho : ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, uduti, irangi

rishushanya, umucanga.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize

• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru k’umwana wakundaga gushushanya maze

ababyeyi be bakamuhemba;

• Abana batega amatwi inkuru babwirwa n’umurezi;

• Umurezi abaza abana igikorwa umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakoraga;

• Abana basubiza ibibazo cy’umurezi bagaragaza ko umwana yakundaga

gushushanya;

• Umurezi abaza abana niba bakunda gushushanya;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gushushanya bakabikora bigana

ishusho yabateguriye;

• Umurezi yerekekera abana uko bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo

gushushanya hanyuma, bagahitamo ibyo bari bukoreshe;

• Abana batangira gushushanya bigana ishusho umurezi yatanze;

• Umurezi yegera buri mwana areba uko akora igikorwa cyo gushushanya

agatanga inama n’ ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;

• Umurezi asaba abana kumanika ibyo bashushanyije ahabugenewe;

• Mu gusoza, umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana umwe kuri

umwe ku bw’igishushanyo yashushanyije;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukusanya ibikoresho bakoreshaga;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukora isuku y’ibikoresho bakoreshaga barangiza

bakabibika ahabugenewe;

• Mu gusoza isomo, abana bakora isuku aho bakoreraga ndetse n’isuku yo ku

mubiri wabo.

Isomo rya gatatu: Kwandika ukoresheje intoki

a) Intego y’isomo: Kumenyereza umwana kwandika akoresheje intoki ze.

b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, umucanga, ubutaka, ingwa, ifu, amashusho,

amafoto agaragaza abana bandika bakoresheje intoki n’ibiganza.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize

• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto agaragaza abana barimo

kwandika ibintu bitandukanye bakoresheje intoki;

• Abana bitegereza amafoto agaragaza abana barimo kwandika ibintu

bitandukanye bakoresheje intoki;

• Umurezi abaza abana uko igikorwa abana bagaragara mu mashusho barimo

gukora;

• Abana basubiza ko mu mashusho hagaragaramo abana bari kwandika;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gukora igikorwa cyo kwandika

bakoresheje urutoki;

• Umurezi asaba abana gusohoka bakajya ahari umucanga wateguwe bagakora

igice cy’uruziga;

• Umurezi yerekera abana uko bakoresha urutoki bandika mu mucanga;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukoresha urutoki bakandika icyo bashaka ku mucanga;

• Abana bakoresha urutoki bandika icyo bihitiyemo;

• Umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba icyo yashushanyije agatanga ubufasha

aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana basobanurira umurezi na bagenzi babo ibyo bakoze n’uko babikoze;

• Umurezi ashimira abana bose muri rusange ku gikorwa bamaze gukora

akabasaba ko nibagera mu rugo bagikomeza kandi bakereka ababyeyi babo;

• Umurezi asoza isomo asaba abana gukaraba intoki n’isabune.

• Abana basubiza ko mu mashusho hagaragaramo abana bari kwandika;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye gukora igikorwa cyo kwandika

bakoresheje urutoki;

• Umurezi asaba abana gusohoka bakajya ahari umucanga wateguwe bagakora

igice cy’uruziga;

• Umurezi yerekera abana uko bakoresha urutoki bandika mu mucanga;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukoresha urutoki bakandika icyo bashaka ku mucanga;

• Abana bakoresha urutoki bandika icyo bihitiyemo;

• Umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba icyo yashushanyije agatanga ubufasha

aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana basobanurira umurezi na bagenzi babo ibyo bakoze n’uko babikoze;

• Umurezi ashimira abana bose muri rusange ku gikorwa bamaze gukora

akabasaba ko nibagera mu rugo bagikomeza kandi bakereka ababyeyi babo;

• Umurezi asoza isomo asaba abana gukaraba intoki n’isabune.

Isomo rya kane: Gukora ishusho ukoresheje intoki ziriho irangi

a) Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya ishusho yoroheje bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi.

b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, isabune.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize

• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru kajyanye n’umwana wakundaga gushushanya

akoresheje urutoki yokojeje mu irangi maze ababyeyi bakamuhemba;

• Abana basubiramo inkuru umurezi amaze kubabwira;

• Umurezi asaba abana kuvuga igikorwa umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakundaga gukora;

• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu nkuru yakundaga gushushanya;

• Umurezi abaza abana niba nabo bakunda gushushanya;

• Umurezi asaba abana guhaguruka mu ntebe bakajya aho bashobora gukora igice cy’uruziga;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko bagiye gushushanya bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi;

• Umurezi atanga urugero rw’uko bashushanyisha urutoki ruriho irangi akabikora

afata urutoki rwe akarukoza mu irangi ry’amazi, yarangiza akarushushanyisha ku rupapuro cyangwa igitambaro;

• Umurezi aha ibikoresho abana akabasaba gushushanya icyo bashaka bakoresheje intoki ziriho irangi;

• Abana bashushanya ibyo bihitiyemo bakoresha intoki ziriho irangi;

• Igihe abana barimo bashushanya, umurezi agenda areba uko babikora akanatanga ubufasha ku babukeneye;

• Umurezi asaba abana kurambika cyangwa kumanika ahabugenewe ibyo

bashushanyije bakabyitegereza bagashima ubwiza bw’igishushanyo cya buri mwana;

• Mu gusoza, umurezi asaba abana gukora isuku y’ibikoresho bakoresheje,

iy’aho bakoreye ndetse n’iy’umubiri wabo bakaraba intoki n’amazi meza kandi bakoresheje isabune.

Isomo rya gatanu: Gukoresha ikiganza kiriho irangi

a) Intego y’isomo: Gukora ishusho yoroheje bakoresheje ikiganza kiriho irangi.

b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, isabune.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

• Umurezi asaba abana gukurikira inkuru agiye kubabwira;

• Umurezi abwira abana agakuru k’umwana wakundaga gukoza ikiganza

mu irangi maze akacyomeka ku rupapuro, yagikuraho akabona cya kiganza

kishushanyije kuri rwa rupapuro; nuko agahaguruka yishimye akajya kwereka ababyeyi;

• Umurezi abaza abana icyo bumvise mu nkuru;

• Abana basubiza ibibazo byabajijwe n’umurezi;

• Umurezi abaza abana niba biteguye gukora amashusho bifashishije uburyo bwo komeka ikiganza kiriho irangi ;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga aho bitegereza umurezi ukuntu atanga urugero rwo gukora ishusho akoresheje ikiganza kiriho irangi;

• Umurezi agenda asobanura intambwe bikorwamo;

• Umurezi aha ibikoresho abana akabibutsa ko ari byiza kubisaranganya kugira

ngo buri wese abone igikoresho cyo gukoresha;

• Abana bakora amashusho atandukanye ajyanye n’uko babyifuza;

• Mu gihe abana bari mu gikorwa cyo gukora amashusho, ni byiza ko umurezi agera kuri buri mwana areba uko akora igikorwa ari nako atanga inama aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana bafashijwe n’umurezi, bamanika ahabugenewe ibihangano byabo bakoze kandi agashimira buri mwana ku gishushanyo yakoze;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukusanya ibikoresho bakabikorera isuku mbere yo kubibika kandi bakibuka no gukora isuku y’umubiri wabo bakaraba n’amazi meza n’isabune.

Isomo rya gatandatu: Gusiga irangi

a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga irangi ahantu hateguwe akoresheje ibikoresho by’ubugeni.

b) Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, uburoso, ipamba, igifufuma, n’ibindi.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize

• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira

• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga irangi »

• Abana bumva indirimbo;

• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gukora;

• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gusiga irangi;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga irangi;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera uko basiga irangi;

• Umurezi ahereza abana ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi;

• Abana batangira gusiga amarangi bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;

• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana bamurika aho basize amarangi umurezi afatanyije nabo bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;

• Abana basukura ibikoresho n’aho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.

Isomo rya 7: Gusiga irangi mu ishusho

a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga irangi ahantu hateguwe akoresheje ibikoresho by’ubugeni.

b) Imfashanyigisho: urupapuro, amashusho, igitambaro, irangi, amazi, uburoso,

ipamba, igifufuma n’ibindi.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira;

• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga irangi »

• Abana bumva indirimbo baririmbirwa n’umurezi;

• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gukora;

• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo ari gusiga irangi;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga irangi;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera uko basiga irangi;

• Umurezi ahereza abana ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi;

• Abana batangira gusiga amarangi bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;

• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana bamurika aho basize irangi;

• Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;

• Abana basukura ibikoresho naho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.

Isomo rya 8: Gusiga amabara mu mashusho abana bikoreye

a) Intego y’isomo: Gusiga amabara mu mashusho akoresheje ibikoresho binyuranye.

b) Imfashanyigisho: amashusho yashushanyijwe n’abana, amakaramu y’amabara, agacongesho n’ibindi.

c) Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

• Umurezi asaba abana gutuza barangiza akababwira ko agiye kubaririmbira;

• Umurezi aririmbira abana indirimbo yitwa « Nkunda gusiga amabara »

• Abana bumva indirimbo baririmbirwa n’umurezi ;

• Umurezi abaza abana icyo umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo akunda gukora;

• Abana basubiza ko umwana uvugwa mu ndirimbo akunda gusiga amabara;

• Umurezi abwira abana ko nabo bagiye kumwigana basiga amabara;

• Umurezi asaba abana gukora igice cy’uruziga barangiza akaberekera ukobasiga amabara;

• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho byo gusiga amabara;

• Abana batangira gusiga amabara bakurikije amarangamutima yabo;

• Umurezi areba uko abana bakora igikorwa cyo gusiga amabara, atanga ubufasha aho biri ngombwa;

• Abana bereka umurezi na bagenzi babo uko basize amabara mu mashusho;

• Umurezi afatanyije n’abana bashimira buri mwana ku gikorwa yakoze;

• Abana basukura ibikoresho naho bakoreye ndetse bakanakora isuku yabo bakaraba amazi meza n’isabune.

1.1.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa

1.1.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe

Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo

guhanga amashusho abana bihitiyemo cyangwa bahawe, rikorwa buhorobuhoro

abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa ku kureba uko bakora n’ibisobanuro batanga

ku byo bakoze aho gushingira ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze.

Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana

bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.

Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga amashusho, bimurikwa ahagaragara

aho buri wese abasha kubireba.

1.2. GUHANGA AMASHUSHO (Umwaka wa kabiri)

1.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe

Abana bazaba bashobora guhanga amashusho yabo bwite bakoresheje uburyo

n’ibikoresho binyuranye by’ubugeni mberajisho.

1.2.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo

• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe

bashushanya, gusiga amabara cyangwa amarangi no gutera irangi ni kimwe

mu bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe

kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe. Ibi bizamwubakamo umuco wo kwihangana

agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho.

• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe

n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya, gusiga amabara cyangwa amarangi no

gutera irangi, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.

• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya, basiga amabara

cyangwa amarangi ndetse banatera irangi, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe

azahabwa umwanya uhagije kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho

yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana

mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye yamugenera.

• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya, gusiga amabara

cyangwa amarangi no gutera irangi, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa

kubungabunga ibidukikije no kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura

ibikoresho no gusukura aho bakoreye ndetse nabo ubwabo bakisukura.

1.2.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo

Mu mwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri y’inshuke, abana benshi baba bari mu kigero kiri

hagati y’imyaka 4 – 5. Aba bana baba baratangiye kumenyera gukoresha ibikoresho

byifashishwa mu bugeni. Ni muri urwo rwego umurezi agomba kumenya ko guha

abana amashusho bahanga bidahagije gusa, ahubwo ko bashobora kwihangira ayabo bashaka.

Nk’ibisanzwe, umurezi afasha abana mu bikorwa byose bakora. Akanabayobora mu 

guhanga amashusho yabo bibanda ku masomo mashya babonera mu mwaka wa

kabiri w’inshuke nko gutera amarangi. Ibyo abana bakora ni ingenzi kubishima no

kubafasha kuzamura urwego rwo kugera ku yindi ntera mu guhanga amashusho.

Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya ibintu bishakiye

a. Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya ibintu bishakiye.

b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi.

c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:

• Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke;

• Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco;

• Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke;

• Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke;

• Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke.

d. Ibice by’isomo

Isomo rya 2: Gusiga amabara amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe

a. Intego y’isomo: Gusiga amabara amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe.

b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, agacongesho n’agahanaguzo, amakaramu

y’amabara, impapuro zikomeye, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune, agatebo kajyamo imyanda, n’ibindi.

c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu buryo

bukurikira:

• Umurezi asaba abana kumwereka ibyo bashushanyije ku umukoro bahawe mu isomo bize ubushize;

• Abana berekana ibyo bashushanyije;

• Umurezi ashimira ibyo abana bakoze mu mukoro bahawe bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda kugira ngo hatangire isomo rishya;

• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto ariho ibintu bitandukanye bisize amabara;

• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto;

• Abana bavuga ibyo babonye ku mashusho;

• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;

• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro cyangwa

amakayi (iyo ahari), amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;

• Umurezi asaba abana gushushanya ibyo bishakiye ukabasaba no kubisiga

amabara atandukanye;

• Abana bashushanya ibyo bishakiye bakanabisiga amabara

• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora, akagenda atanga

ubufasha aho biri ngombwa akurikije umwihariko wa buri mwana;

• Nyuma yo gushushanya, mu gikorwa cy’isuzumabushobozi, umurezi asaba

abana kwerekana, gushimira buri umwe wese ku byo yakoze kuko ikigamijwe

atari uko bakora amashusho y’abanyabugeni ahambaye, ahubwo ari uko bagira iterambere mu bugeni n’umuco;

• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana gusukura aho bakoreye no

kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje ndetse no gukaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi meza n’isabune.

Isomo rya 3: Gusiga irangi amashusho bikoreye cyangwa bahawe

                             Abana basiga irangi amashusho bihangiye nayo bahawe.

a. Intego y’isomo: Kumenya gusiga irangi amashusho bishushanyirije cyangwabahawe.

b. Imfashanyigisho: irangi ry’amazi, impapuro, udufuniko tw’amacupa, udukombe

cyangwa udusahani two kuvangiraho amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase,amazi, isabune, n’ibindi.

c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

Ibikorwa n’inzira umurezi yakoresheje hejuru yigisha isomo rya kabiri, bishobora

guhura n’iby’ iri isomo rya gatatu. Igishobora guhinduka n’ibikoresho ndetse

n’ubufasha umurezi aha abana mu kubikoresha kandi hakibukwa ko abana bose

badafite ubushobozi bungana bwo gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye cyane nk’ibi byo gutera amarangi.

Mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’iri somo rya gatatu, ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu

buryo bukurikira:

• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto ariho ibintu bitandukanye bisize amarangi;

• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto bibafasha

kwinjira mu isomo rishya ndetse bakanasubiza ibibazo babazwa n’umurezi;

• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;

• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro cyangwa

amakayi (iyo ahari), irangi, udufuniko tw’amacupa, uburoso, udukombe,

udusahani two kuvangiraho amarangi (palettes), ibikoresho by’isuku, agatebo

kajyamo imyanda n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe n’ibyo ishuri rifite;

• Umurezi asaba abana gushushanya ibyo bishakiye ukabasaba no kubisiga

amarangi atandukanye;

• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa bitandukanye abana bakora akagenda atanga

ubufasha aho biri ngombwa ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;

• Umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza ibyo bakoze abishima ariko anatanga inama mu rwego rwo kunoza igikorwa cyo gusiga amarangi.

• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afatanya n’abana kwisukura neza, gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje.

Isomo rya 4: Gutera irangi

a. Intego y’isomo: Gutera irangi akoresheje ibintu bifite iforomo (shapes).

zinyuranye

b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, irangi ry’amazi, impapuro, udufuniko

tw’amacupa, imikebe, udukombe cyangwa udusahani two kuvangiraho

amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune n’ibindi.

c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize: Mu gihe abanyeshuri barangije isomo ryo

gusiga amarangi bakoresheje uburoso, isomo ryo gutera amarangi rikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:

• Umurezi afasha gutangira isomo n’ibikorwa byo gutera irangi ku mpapuro

cyangwa ibindi byaboneka aho batuye bigasimbura impapuro bakoresheje

ibintu bifite ishusho inyuranye nk’ikiganza, ikirenge, agafuniko k’icupa, igice

cy’ikirayi cyangwa ikijumba, igice cya puwavuro n’ibindi;

• Umurezi yereka abana amashusho cyangwa amafoto yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera amarangi;

• Umurezi abaza abana ibyo babonye ku mashusho cyangwa amafoto bibafasha

kwinjira mu isomo rishya ndetse bakanasubiza ibibazo babazwa n’umurezi;

• Umurezi yicaza abana neza ku ruziga ndetse mu buryo bworohera buri wese hagendewe ku bushobozi bwa buri wese;

• Umurezi aha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo, irangi ry’amazi,

impapuro, udufuniko tw’amacupa, imikebe, udukombe cyangwa udusahani

two kuvangiraho amarangi, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase, amazi, isabune,

n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe ni byo ishuri rifite;

• Umurezi yitegereza ibikorwa abana bakora bitandukanye akagenda atanga

ubufasha aho biri ngombwa yita ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;

• Umurezi asaba abana kugaragaza ibyo bakoze akabashimira ariko anatanga inama mu rwego rwo kunoza igikorwa cyo gutera amarangi.

• Mu musozo w’isomo, umurezi afasha abana kwisukura neza, gusukura aho bakoreye no kubika neza ibikoresho bakoresheje.

• Umurezi aha abana umukoro wo gutera irangi bakora amashusho babifashwamo n’ababyeyi cyangwa ababarera.

Ikitonderwa: Ibikoresho bikoreshwa bigomba kuba bifite ubuziranenge buhagije kugira ngo hatagira ingaruka mbi biteza abana. Urugero nk’amarangi akoreshwa hano agomba kuba ari ay’amazi kandi yujuje ubuziranenge.

1.2.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa

1.2.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe

Umurezi agomba kwibuka ko isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo

guhanga amashusho rikorwa buhorobuhoro abana bari mu gikorwa kandi hitabwa

kureba uko bakora n’ibisobanuro batanga ku byo bakoze aho gushingira ku bwiza

gusa bw’ibyo bakoze.

Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana

bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije.

Ibihangano abana bakoze bijyanye no guhanga amashusho, bizamurikwa

ahagaragara ku buryo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze n’ibyo abandi bakoze.

Umurezi yirinda kuvuga ko igihangano cy’umwana ari kibi, ahubwo amushimira

intambwe yateye yo kugira icyo akora. Amusaba ko niba hari icyo yavugurura kugira

ngo igihangano ke kibe kiza kurushaho yakitaho mu bikorwa byo gusiga amabara,

amarangi no gutera amarangi.

1.3. GUHANGA IBINTU AGARAGAZA IBITEKEREZO BYE

N’IMBAMUTIMA (Umwaka wa gatatu)

1.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe:

Abana bazaba bashobora gushushanya inkuru no gusobanurira bagenzi babo ibyo

bashushanyije bagaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima zabo.

1.3.2. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo

• Umuco w’amahoro n’indangagaciro: Isaranganya ry’ibikoresho igihe

bashushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu byo bashushanyije ni kimwe mu

bizatuma abana bashobora kubana mu mahoro kandi buri wese abashe

kunyurwa n’ibikoresho ahawe, bityo bimwubakemo umuco wo kwihangana

agategereza abandi mu gihe akeneye guhindura ibikoresho.

• Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibitsina byombi: Mu bikorwa byateguwe

n’umurezi mu kwigisha gushushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu byo

bashushanyije, kugaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima zabo mu

bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije amashusho

yabo, abakobwa n’abahungu bagiramo uruhare rungana.

• Uburezi budaheza: Mu gihe abana bazaba bashushanya inkuru, basiga amabara

mu byo bashushanyije, banagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima

zabo mu bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije

amashusho yabo, buri wese mu bushobozi bwe azahabwa umwanya uhagije

kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha ibikoresho yagenewe. Umurezi agomba kwita

no kumenya umwihariko wa buri mwana mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu

bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye ubufasha bwihariye amugenera.

• Kwita ku bidukikije: Abana batozwa gushushanya inkuru, basiga amabara mu

byo bashushanyije, banagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo n’imbamutima zabo mu

bishushanyo bakora ndetse no gusobanura inkuru bifashishije amashusho

yabo, ahabugenewe kandi bakamenyerezwa kubungabunga ibidukikije no

kutabyangiza. Abana batozwa kandi kwandurura ibikoresho no gusukura aho

bakoreye.

1.3.3. Inama ku myigishirize y’amasomo

Mu mwaka wa gatatu w’inshuke abana benshi baba bageze mu kigero cy’imyaka

5 – 6. Mu bikorwa byinshi bakora ku rwego rwabo, baba bamaze gutera imbere mu

guhanga amashusho bashushanya. Kuri iki kigero k’imyaka kandi, abana batangira

gufashwa kumenya guhanga amashusho no kugaragaza ibitekerezo by’imbamutima

zabo. Ni byiza rero ko umurezi agomba kumenya ko ibyo abana bakora bigomba

kuba bijyanye n’urwego rwabo rw’imitekerereze n’imyaka bagezemo. Abana

bafashwa gushushanya inkuru no guhabwa umwanya wo gusobanurira abandi

ibyo yashushanyije, bahabwa umwanya wo guhanga amashusho bishakiye ariko

bagafashwa kujyana n’insanganyamatsiko igezweho. Umurezi agomba gushimira

abana ibyo bakoze nuko babisobanuriye bagenzi babo.

Isomo rya 1: Gushushanya inkuru

a. Intego y’isomo: Gushushanya inkuru no gusiga amabara mu byo bashushanyije.

b. Imfashanyigisho: impapuro, ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, n’ibindi.

c. Ibitabo byifashishijwe:

     • Inyoborabarezi yo mu mashuri y’inshuke;

    • Igitabo cy’Ubugeni n’umuco;

   • Isaranganyamasomo mu mashuri y’inshuke;

   • Imfashanyigisho y’amahugurwa ku nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke;

   • Ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano n’ubugeni n’umuco ku mashuri y’inshuke.

d. Ibice bigize isomo

Isomo rya 2: Gusiga amabara mu nkuru yashushanyijwe no kuyisobanura

a. Intego y’isomo:

Gusiga amabara mu nkuru yashushanyije no kumenya gusobanura inkuru

yashushanyije yifashishije amashusho yayo.

b. Imfashanyigisho: ikaramu y’igiti, amakaramu y’amabara, irangi, impapuro

zikomeye, ibikoresho by’isuku: ibase cyangwa indobo, amazi, isabune, agatebo

kajyamo imyanda...

c. Ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize:

Mu myigire n’imyigishirize yiri somo, ibikorwa bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:

• Kwereka abana amashusho y’inkuru bashushanyije mu isomo riheruka;

• Kubabaza uko bakoze umukoro bari bahawe no kubashimira ibyo bakoze kuri

iryo somo. Ibi bigakorwa mu buryo bidatinda kugira ngo bahite batangira

isomo rishya;

• Kwereka abana amashusho y’inkuru kandi asize amabara ndetse no kubasobanurira uko basiga amabara mu nkuru bashushanyije;

• Kwicaza abana neza ku ruziga kandi mu buryo bworohera buri wese mu kwiga hagendewe ku bushobozi bwe;

• Guha abana ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo impapuro zikomeye cyangwa

amakayi (iyo ahari), amakaramu y’amabara, ibikoresho by’isuku, agatebo

kajyamo imyanda, ibishushanyo by’inkuru zitandukanye basiga amabara

kandi ari bo ubwabo babishushanyije, n’ibindi byakoreshwa mu isomo bitewe

n’ibyo ishuri rifite;

• Gusaba abana gushushanya inkuru bishakiye;

• Gusaba abana gusiga amabara atandukanye inkuru bashushanyije;

• Umurezi atanga urugero rw’uko basiga amabara mu nkuru;

• Abana basobanurira bagenzi babo ibyo bashushanyije ndetse n’uko babisize

1.3.4. Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza uyu mutwe n’ibindi byigwa

1.3.5. Isuzumabushobozi risoza uyu mutwe

Isuzumabushobozi ry’amasomo agize uyu mutwe wo guhanga ibintu rikorwa

hibandwa cyane ku buryo umwana agaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima bye.

Umwana kandi asobanura ibyo yakoze ahuza amashusho n’amabara yasize. Iri

suzumabushobozi rigenda rikorwa buhoro buhoro igihe abana bari mu gikorwa

cyo guhanga ibintu bagaragaza ibitekerezo n’imbamutima byabo aho gushingira

ku bwiza bw’ibyo bakoze. Ningombwa kwibanda ku byo umwana yakoze n’uko

ari kubikora umubaza ibibazo bimufasha kuvumbura ko hari ibitaranoga, bityo

bigatuma atekereza uko agiye kubinoza.

Umurezi asabwa kubika neza kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi

bw’abana bushingiye ku ntego za buri somo yigishije. Ibihangano abana bakoze

bijyanye no guhanga ibintu agaragaza ibitekerezo bye n’imbamutima, bizamurikwa

ahagaragara kuburyo abana bazajya bagereranya ibyo bakoze nibyo abandi bakoze

maze bakabyigiraho