General
6 Ubukerarugendo
6.1. Dusure Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe
Mu buzima bw’umuntu ibimera bifite akamaro kanini cyane. Kubyitegereza
biraturuhura, bikongerera amaso yacu ubushobozi bwo kubona neza
kandi bikatwibagiza ya mirimo yacu ya buri munsi akenshi turangiza
twaguye agacuho. Ariko uzi guhora wicaye hamwe kandi utarwaye,
ugahora utaka umunaniro udashira kandi aho kuruhukira hatabuze?
Waje nkagutembereza tukerekeza mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo tugambiriye
kwisurira ishyamba rya Nyungwe na Pariki y’Igihugu ricumbikiye? Wari
uzi ko icyo cyanya giherereye mu magepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’u
Rwanda, muri Afurika yose ngo cyaba ari cyo gifite ishyamba ry’inzitanerimaze igihe kirekire?
Pariki ngiye kugutemberezamo ifite ishyamba kimeza ujya wumva
rikaba ririmo amoko menshi y’ibiti, ibyatsi n’ibihuru, n’amoko menshi
y’indabo. Ifite ibiti binini by’inganzamarumbo ndetse n’ibivamo imiti ya
Kinyarwanda. Ni yo irimo amasoko amwe abyara imigezi myinshi yo
mu Rwanda. Isoko y’uruzi rwa Nili na yo ikomoka muri iri shyamba.
Umwihariko w’iyi pariki tugezeho rero ni amoko agera kuri cumi
n’atatu y’inguge utasanga ahandi ku mugabane w’Afurika, ari na cyo
cyanecyane gikurura ba mukerarugendo bakaba benshi muri iyi pariki.
Ngibyo ibyondi n’amabara yabyo y’umukara n’umweru, ngibyo
ibihinyage, ngizo inkomo, inkima, impundu, imikunga, inkende, ngibyo
ibishabaga, ngizo galago ntoya n’inini ndetse n’ibitera.
Igitego nguteze rero urakibona niwihera ijisho ikiraro cyo mu kirere,
muri metero mirongo itanu uvuye ku butaka. Kiri butume dusura iyi
pariki tuyihereye hejuru, tubona amaso ku maso utunyoni ndetsen’utunyamaswa byituriye muri iri shyamba.
Icyo kiraro gifite uburebure bwa metero ijana na mirongo itanu
cyubatswe mu gihe cy’amezi umunani.
Ngaho rero nkurikira, nizere ko umunaniro uwushira wose ugacyura
amakuru meza ugeza ku bandi, bamwe batinya ubukerarugendo
ngo ni ubw’abanyamahanga bo ntibubabereye; ubabwire ko n’ibiciro
bidakanganye. Nk’Abenegihugu twishyura amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu
by’amanyarwanda. Wongere uvuge uti: “Muge namwe musura Igihugucyanyu, mwireka ibyiza byacyo byiharirwa n’abanyamahanga.”
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
1. Kugwa agacuho 5. Ishyamba ry’inzitane
2. Ubuso 6. Ishyamba rya kimeza
3. Kugambirira 7. Igiti k’inganzamarumbo
4. Ubutita 8. Ikiraro
b) Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro yawe bwite ukurikije
ibisobanuro byayo mu mwandiko:
1. Ubuso 5. Inganzamarumbo
2. Ubutita 6. Ikiraro
3. Inzitane 7. Kugambirira
4. Kimeza 8. Kugwa agacuho
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe iherereye he?
2. Muri Pariki ya Nyungwe hagaragaramo ibihe bimera?
3. Muri Pariki ya Nyungwe hagaragaramo izihe nyamaswa?
4. Pariki ya Nyungwe ifite uwuhe mwihariko andi mapariki adafite
muri Afurika?
5. Ni akahe kamaro iyi pariki ifitiye Afurika muri rusange
n’igihugu cya Misiri by’umwihariko?
6. Iyi pariki ifitiye Abanyarwanda akahe kamaro?
7. Agashya kari muri iyi pariki ni akahe gatuma isurwabidasanzwe?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
3. Hina uyu mwandiko mu mirongo icumi.
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo ku byavuzwe mu mwandiko.
Mwungurane ibitekerezo kuri iki kibazo:
Ko ubutaka bwo guhinga bugenda bugabanuka mubona byaba
bikwiye ko ubuso bwa za pariki bugabanywa abantu bakabona
ubutaka buhagije?
6.2. Ikeshamvugo
Ikeshamvugo ku mwami no ku ngoma
Musome agace k’umwandiko gakurikira maze mutahure
amagambo yabugenewe munayashakire ibisobanuro mumvugo isanzwe.
Mu Rwanda rwa kera, imihango y’abiru yateganyaga ko umwami
atagomba kwima ingoma, uwo asimbuye akiriho. Umwami rero
yagombaga kubanza gutanga kugira ngo undi yime ingoma. Abami b’u
Rwanda babaga bamaze gutanga, batabarizwaga ahantu hatandukanye
bitewe n’amazina yabo ya cyami, ndetse n’uburyo batanzemo.
Ikimenyetso k’ibwami cyari ingoma. Ni zo zamubamburaga, yaba
atetse ijabiro zikamuvugirizwa, yajya kwibikira zigahumuza. Iyo ingoma
zatangiraga gusuka, abantu bamenyaga icyo zimenyesha bitewe
n’umurishyo. Abavuzaga ingoma babitaga abakaraza.
Musubize ibibazo bikurikira:
1. Aya magambo asobanura iki mu mvugo isanzwe
a) Kwima ingoma
b) Gutanga
c) Batabarizwaga
d) Zamubamburaga
e) Kwibikira
f) Zigahumuza
g) Gusuka
h) Umurishyo
i) Abakaraza
2. Aya magambo bayita iki muri rusange?
3. Mutahure andi magambo yabugenewe akoreshwa ku
mwami no ku ngoma.1. Ikeshamvugo ku mwami
2. Ikeshamvugo ku ngoma
Umugezi urasuma
Isuka irarangira
Indege irahinda
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’ubwinshi bw’inyamaswa
n’ibintu
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’ubwinshi bw’inyamaswa
Inka nyinshi ziba zigize ishyo. (Zigeze ku munani)
Intama, ihene nyinshi ziba umukumbi. (Zigeze ku munani)
Ingurube nyinshi ziba zigize umugana. (zirenze imwe)
Inzuki nyinshi zikora irumbo.
Imbwa nyinshi ziba zigize umukeno. (zirenze imwe)
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’ubwinshi bw’ibintu
Amashyi menshi aba urufaya.
Indirimbo nyinshi ziba urwunge.
Amajwi menshi avuga urwunge.
Impundu nyinshi zikaba urwanaga.
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’intaho y’abantu,
n’inyamaswa
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’intaho y’abantu
Umuntu ataha mu nzu.
Umwami ataha mu ngoro.
Ikeshamvugo rijyanye n’intaho y’inyamaswa
Inzoka itaha mu mwobo.
Impyisi zitaha mu isenga.
Imbeba itaha mu muheno.
Inyoni itaha mu cyari.
Amatungo ataha mu kiraro.
Inzuki zitaha mu muzinga.
Inkwavu ziba mu kibuti.Inyana zitaha mu ruhongore.
Umwitozo
Uhereye ku bumenyi bwawe n’ibyo wize mu ikeshamvugo,
huza amagambo ari mu ruhushya rw’ibumoso n’igisobanurokiri mu ruhushya rw’iburyo ukoresheje akambi.
Niba ushaka kwishimisha ukaruhuka imirimo umazemo iminsi, ngwino
nkwijyanire gusura Pariki y’Akagera. Turafata umuhanda ugana i
Kayonza, nituhagera dukate tugana Nyagatare na Kagitumba ku
mupaka. Nitugera ku cyapa k’imbogo i Gabiro turakata iburyo, mu
minota mike turaba dutangiye pariki nyirizina.
Nk’uko aya mazina abitubwira, pariki yacu iherereye mu burasirazuba
bw’u Rwanda bushyira amajyaruguru.Izina Akagera irikomora ku ruzi
rw’Akagera ruhuza igihugu cyacu na Tanzaniya. Iyi pariki yashinzwe mu
1934 hagamijwe guha inyamaswa icyanya cyo kubamo zituje zidatinya
kwicwa na ba rushimusi cyangwa abandi.
Ni yo pariki yonyine ushobora kubonamo icyarimwe imirambi n’utununga
byamezeho ubwatsi n’ibiti bigufi, ibishanga, ibiyaga n’igice k’ishyamba
ritoshye. Ibiyaga birimo Ihema n’ibindi biyaga bito byinshi bikikijwen’urufunzo rurerure byorohereza inyamaswa kubona amazi yo kunywa.
Yewe, inyamaswa zo zirahari ngo ngwino urebe! Maze agatsinda
zose zirashishe kandi zifite umubiri ukeye wagira ngo hari uzuhagira
akazisiga! Si gusa ndumva ari Imana izisiga ikazinogereza! Ubwiza
bwazo bwararahiriwe, burenga imisozi busingira ibihugu, bureshya ba
mukerarugendo bayoboka iy’Akagera.
Mu z’amajanja higanje intare rwabwiga ari yo mwami nyiri ishyamba,
ingwe ari yo rwara idatana n’urusamagwe rwagowe ngo rwaba ruhora
ruyihetse irushinga inzara ngo rwihute, imbwebwe, imondo, isega,
impyisi mahuma, umukara, inkobe, urutoni n’izindi.
Izuza zo ntiwazibara. Si ngaya amashyo y’imbogo rwarikamavubi
zihora zizunguza umutwe zijunditse umujinya? Aya si amasasu, izi si
inyemera, inimba n’itamu, inkoronko, isatura zahiriwe no kuryiruka
nk’izarigabanye ari na ho zakuye akabyiniriro ka burugumesitiri? Izi ni
impara n’imparage. Itegereze n’izi twiga ari zo bise musumbashyamba
kuko zikurunguruka zigusuhuriza mu bushorishori bw’ibiti. Izindi
nyamaswa zikunda kuziba hafi kuko ngo zishobora kubona mbere
icyago kije, zaba zihunze n’izindi nyamaswa zikamenya ko zatewe
zigashyira bugeri. Ngizi imvubu zirirwa zireremba mu biyaga bihorana
ituze, inzovu rwabunga zahawe intebe ku nkombe y’ikiyaga k’Ihema. Na
cyo tugisure maze zidusanganize ubwuzu n’urugwiro nk’aho zisanzwe
zitubona muri iri shyamba ry’iminyinya n’iminyonza.
Mu biguruka, reba imisambi ihora yasokoje isunzu, kagoma, inkona
n’inkongoro bihora birwanira intumbi z’inyamaswa, mukoma, inkware
n’inkurakura, inyange n’ibigagari, iswikiri n’ishwima n’izindi nyinshi
cyane.
Kuba wahisuriye ukahashima, uzareshye n’abandi bazahasanga byinshi
bishimishije: imirambi myiza udaheza ijisho n’utununga twamezeho
umukenke inyamaswa zirisha n’amataba ateze adatemba kandi atagira
uko asa atakurambira kuyagenda. Iyi migenge n’iminyinya bifatanye
urunana, birasa n’ibitwereka ko gucudika atari ibya muntu gusa, ahubwo
ko n’ibimera bishobora kutubera urugero mu mibanire yacu. Imikoma,
imyiha n’imikenke n’ibindi biti by’inganzamarumbo bidutegereje biteze
yombi bisa n’ibitubwira ngo “turakaza neza turisanga.” Wanganya iki
iri zuba rimurika ibigarama, imisozi n’ibibaya twitegeye aho duhagaze
kuri Hoteri Akagera, wanganya iki aya mahumbezi azanwa n’akayaga
kaduhuha kadusuhuza katureshya ngo tutagenda tutahicaye ngo
turuhuke?
Pariki y’Akagera ifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu byiza bitatse igihugu
cyacu ikaba n’umutungo kamere w’agaciro kanini cyane. Nimuharanire
kuyisura, muzavayo mwishimye.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
1. Icyanya 6. Gusatira
2. Rushimusi 7. Rwabunga
3. Akanunga 8. Musumbashyamba
4. Umurambi 9. Rwarikamavubi
5. Gutoha
b) Koresha aya magambo akurikira mu nteruro yawe bwite
ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
1. Icyanya 5. Rwabunga
2. Gutoha 6. Rwabwiga
3. Utununga 7. Rwarikamavubi,
4. Gusatira 8. Musumbashyamba
c) Garagaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’amagambo aciyeho
akarongo nurangiza uyatondeke ukurikije uko ibyo
asobanura bigenda bisumbana mu bunini.
1. Ibiyaga byo mu Kagera bituma inyamaswa zibona amazi yo
kunywa.
2. Uruzi rw’Akagera rukomoka mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.
3. Umugezi wa Nyabarongo uhura n’Akanyaru bigahinduka
Akagera.
4. Inyanja ya Mediterane imaze guhitana abimukira barenga
ibihumbi icumi.
5. Imodoka zagabanyije umuvuduko ngo zidatera abagenzi
ibiziba.
6. Bino bitonyanga birakonje cyane.
d) Mushake mu mwandiko amagambo asobanura kimwe
n’aya akurikira:
1. Icyanya 7. Kwiruka uhunga
2. Rwabwiga 8. Mahuma
3. Udusozi tugufi 9. Rwabunga
4. Rwara 10. Amadovize
5. Rwarikamavubi 11. Kurakara
6. Musumbashyamba 12. Amafu.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Pariki y’Akagera iherereye he?
2. Yashinzwe ryari?
3. Yashinzwe na nde kandi kubera iki?
4. Pariki bisobanura iki?
5. Ni uwuhe mwihariko w’iyi pariki?
6. Ibimera biboneka muri iyi pariki ni ibihe?
7. Ni izihe nyamaswa ziboneka muri iyi pariki?
8. Iyi pariki ifitiye igihugu cy’u Rwanda akahe kamaro?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo ku bivugwa mu mwandiko
Mwungurane ibitekerezo ku bibazo bikurikira:
1. Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe iri ahantu hashobora kwera icyayi.
Mukurikije ibiyivugwaho mu mwandiko, mubona yaba ifite akamaro
kurusha uko yahingwa, ubuso iriho bugaterwamo icyayi?
2. Ni izihe ngaruka nziza cyangwa mbi gihinga Pariki byagira?
6.4. Dusobanukirwe n’ingagi muri Parikiy’Ibirunga
Ibirunga bigaragara mu Rwanda birimo Karisimbi, Gahinga, Sabyinyo,
Muhabura na Bisoke bikaba muri Pariki y’Ibirunga iherereye mu
majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Ni yo ibonekamo ingagi
zo mu misozi cyangwa zo mu birunga. Pariki y’ibirunga irimo urusobe
rw’ibinyabuzima nk’ibimera ndetse n’inyamaswa. Ibimera bigenda
bitandukana bitewe n’ubutumburuke. Igice cyayo kinini cyateweho
ishyamba ry’iriterano, warirenga ukagera ku ishyamba ry’urugano.
Muri rusange iyi pariki irimo amoko menshi y’ibimera harimo n’amoko
arinzwe mu rwego mpuzamahanga kuko asigaye hake ku isi. Mu
nyamaswa zitari ingagi hari iz’inyamabere nk’inguge zo mu bwoko
bw’inkima, inzovu nke, impyisi z’amabara, inyoni, ibikururanda n’imitubu,n’amoko menshi y’udukoko.
Mu mwaka wa 1967, Umunyamerikakazi Dayana Fose (Diana Fossey)
uzwi ku izina rya Nyiramacibiri yatangiye gukorera ubushakashatsi
ku ngagi muri iyi pariki. Ashinga ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Karisoke
cyakoreraga hagati ya Karisimbi na Bisoke. Guhera ubwo, igihe ke
kinini akakimara muri pariki yita ku ngagi. U Rwanda rumukesha kuba
yarahesheje agaciro ingagi zo mu Rwanda, asaba ko zitabwaho ku
rwego mpuzamahanga.
Yarakoze we watumye tumenya ingagi uko iri, iki kirori gikurura
ba mukerarugendo bakava ikantarange baje kukireba no kugisura,
amadovize akisuka yisukiranya. Nawe nuyisura muzahura kandi ni
byiza ko ujyayo uyizi neza. Ingagi n’ubwo zitazi kuvuga no kwandika
ngo zisobanure amategeko azigenga mu mvugo cyangwa mu nyandiko,
uwitegereje imibereho yazo akabana na zo igihe kirekire yasanze
zitabaho mu buryo bubonetse bwose.
Zaba mu gatsiko cyangwa mu muryango, ingagi zimenyamo inkuru
n’intoya kandi intoya zikubaha inkuru. Ingagi y’ingabo iruta izindi mu
myaka, ubwo iba irengeje imyaka mirongo ine, ni yo iba umukuru
w’umuryango. Iyo ishaje cyane itagishobora kuyobora izindi, ingabo
yindi isheshe akanguhe iyakira uwo murimo. Ikaba yazitegeka kwimuka
nk’iyo aho zabaga hatakiboneka ibyo zirya cyangwa se hatangiye
kuboneka abahigi benshi. Ingore na zo zirubahana ku buryo ingore
imwe ishobora kuyobokwa n’izindi.
Nanone nk’uko tuvuga ngo umuntu ni we wihesha agaciro n’icyubahiro,
ingagi na zo ni ko zibibona. Umutware wazo kugira ngo yubahwe, niuko aba ayobora neza. Akamenya gutabara ingagi zaguye mu mutego.
Akongera umubare w’ingagi zigize agatsiko, cyanecyane areshya
ingore mu tundi dutsiko, zikaba zakwiyizira mu ke. Akagira igitsure
gituma yakiza nk’izirwanye cyangwa izenderanyije. Ngo hari igihe
iz’ibyana zenderanya zigashaka kurwana kandi wenda zatangiye zikina
dore ko ngo zibikunda cyane, nyamara zabona inkuru muri zo cyangwa
umutware wazo azirebye ikijisho zikamwara zikabireka.
Ibindi ingagi zifite bitangaje, ni nko kubabazwa n’urupfu rwa mugenzi
wazo, kurwaza umurwayi zirinda kumusiga wenyine, kwisokoza
ubwoya, cyanecyane ingore, guheka abana bazo mu mugongo, guseka
iyo zishimye n’ibindi.
Ingagi zashoboraga kuba zaratsembwe n’abahigi iyo Nyiramacibiri
atigomwa byinshi ngo yemere guhara ubuzima bwe azitangire.
Nashimirwe kuba yaremeye kuza kwibanira na zo mu ishyamba
ryuzuyemo ibisura byinshi, mu mbeho kandi ikabije yo mu birunga,
asize ababyeyi n’inshuti muri Amerika.
Ni urugero rwiza kuri mwebwe abakibyiruka, kuko mugomba
guhaguruka mugashakashaka namwe mukavumbura.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
1. Ikantarange 5. Kwenderanya
2. Kuyobokwa 6. Kureba ikijisho
3. Kureshya 7. Kwicuza
4. Igitsure
b) Imyitozo y’inyunguramagambo
1. Aya magambo uko ari abirabiri ataniye he?
a) Ikirunga/umusozi g) Ibirori/ikirori
b) Ubutaka/ibitaka h) Amadovize/amafarangac) Agaciro/igiciro i) Ingabo/umugabo
d) Ikigo/urugo j) Ingore/umugore
e) Umuhigi/umushimusi k) Uburebure/ubutumburuke.
f) Ubwoko/amoko
2. Iyo bavuze aya magambo vumva iki?
a) Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima e) Imitubu
b) Inyamabere f) Ibimera
c) Ibikururanda g) Ibiguruka
d) Udukoko h) Ingugunnyi.
3. Muri aya magambo toranyamo ayo ugenda wuzurisha
imbonerahamwe ikurikiraho:
Ingagi, isandi, umusambi, inzovu, umukenke, umunyinya,
impongo, twiga, imbeba, urumende, urukwavu, umuntu,
inturusu, umwumbati, ishaka, uruyuki, inda, igiheri, impyisi,
inkima, ikirunga umusozi, ikigagari, umuko, uruziramire,umubu, urutozi, urucaca, pasipalumu, inshira, ibiyaga.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo mu magambo yanyu bwite
1. Pariki y’ibirunga iherereye he?
2. Ifite uwuhe mwihariko ku isi no muri Afurika?
3. Vuga amateka yayo mu mirongo itarenze itanu.
4. Nyiramacibiri ni muntu ki?5. Ni ibihe binyabuzima biba muri iyi pariki?
6. Ni iki kitwereka ko ingagi zifite gahunda mu mibereho yazo?
7. Ni iyihe ngagi itegeka izindi?
8. Zisimburana ryari kuri uwo murimo wo gutegeka?
9. Umutware w’ingagi agenza ate kugira ngo yubahwe?
10. Erekana ukuntu ingagi zijya kugira imico nk’iy’abantu.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri muri uyu mwandiko?3. Kora inshamake y’uyu mwandiko mu mirongo icumi
Ahantu haba nyaburanga kubera ibyiza bibereye ijisho bihagaragara.
U Rwanda ni igihugu gitatse ibyiza byinshi kamere byahogoje isi yose.
Gitatswe n’imisozi miremire, ibibaya, inzuzi, imigezi n’ibiyaga, inyamaswa
z’ingeri zose n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima binyuranye. Abagenda u
Rwanda bakunda gutungurwa kandi bagatangazwa no kuba rutuwe
n’abaturage bafite umuco umwe, ururimi rumwe n’imigenzo imwe. Ibi
ni ibintu bidasanzwe mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi. Ariko kandi uwasuye
u Rwanda, kugira ngo arusheho kurumenya kuko ari igihugu kihariye,
hari ahantu henshi atakwibuza gusura kuko haba hamukurura. Aho niho twita ahantu nyaburanga kandi ni henshi.
Aho uzi ibiyaga by’ibivandimwe bya Burera na Ruhondo munsi y’ikirunga
cya Muhabura? Uzi ishusho ya Yezu Nyirimpuhwe i Nyarushishi n’ingoro
ya Bikiramariya Umunyamibabaro i Kibeho? Nonese niba utaragera
mu Rukari ngo urebe inyubako gakondo z’Abanyarwanda uracyakora
iki? Wari wabona Muhazi ku mugoroba izuba rirenga? Naho se imirima
y’icyayi, ureba ukabona ibereye ijisho! Naho se ibere rya Bigogwe?
Ahantu nyaburanga watemberera mu rwa Gasabo ntiwahavuga ngo
uhamareyo. Gusa, aho ni hamwe mu ho twarambagije wasura uramutse
ubonye akanya. Nawe kandi habaye hari aho uzi ntubuzwa kuharatira
bagenzi bawe ubagezaho uko wahasanze. Mu hantu nyaburanga
wavuga ntiwakwibagirwa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga na Pariki
y’Igihugu y’Akagera. Niba utararabukwa ibirunga ngo ube warabonye
ingagi waratanzwe. Kugukumbuza ni ukukwereka amashusho nawe
ukaribagira. Iyi ni ingagi ibangikanye n’ikirunga cya Karisimbi, kimwe
gisumba ibindi biri kumwe nka Gahinga, Sabyinyo, Muhabura na Bisoke
kuko kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 4.507. Iri sunzu ryererana si imvi
cyangwa ifu y’imyumbati, ahubwo ni yo masimbi ujya wumva atamirijeimpinga ya Karisimbi ari na ho iryo zina rituruka.
Ukiri aha mu majyaruguru, ntiwabura no gusura amashyuza mu Karere
ka Rubavu. Gusa si ho abarizwa honyine kuko uyasanga no mu Karere
ka Karongi n’aka Rusizi. Amashyuza ni amazi ashyushye aturuka
hasi mu butaka akagera hejuru arimo kubira. Ugize amahirwe wese
yo kuyasura asanga ari ibintu bitangaje. Abaturiye amashyuza mu
myemerere yabo, bavuga ko afite izindi ngufu zihariye, ngo abavura
indwara zinyuranye zirimo inzoka zo mu nda, amavunane, rubagimpande,indwara z’imitsi, n’izindi ndwara, akaba ari yo mpamvu usanga abantu
b’ingeri zose bayidumbaguzamo, bayagaramamo abandi na bo
bayavoma bakayajyana mu ngo zabo. Bamwe mu babasha kuyasura
usanga bayotsamo ibiribwa nk’ibijumba, imyumbati, ibitoki byashyabakabisomeza ayo mazi ashyushye.
Wari wabara iki se ntarakugeza ku Karwa k’Amahoro. Wageze mu
Karere ka Karongi, ukaza utagasuye nta mahoro wagira bitewe n’uko
usanga abantu babyiganira mu bwato butwara abakajyaho. Ngaho
irebere nawe uvuge ahandi wabonye heza nk’aha hantu.
Wageze ku Karwa k’Amahoro unyurwa n’akayaga gahuhera gaturuka
mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Ni wo mutima w’uburanga n’ubwiza bw’iki kiyaga.
Aka karwa kari mu Kivu hagati, mu rugendo rw’iminota nka 20 mu
bwato uvuye ku nkombe. Ni kamwe mu turwa 16 turi mu Karere ka
Karongi. Iyo wagasuye ureba zimwe mu nyamanswa zirimo inkende
ukanabasha kwitegera ikiyaga neza ureba n’amashyamba meza
yakimezeho. Wahageze ntiwabura kuhifotoreza ngo ubike urwibutso
rw’ibihe bidasanzwe wahagiriye.
Nanone ubwo wageze ku Kivu menya ko kiza ku mwanya wa
gatandatu mu bunini muri Afurika. Ntuhave utageze ku mucanga ngo
wumve akayaga gahuha gahuhera kagaba ituze ritaha ku mutima
nk’uko umuririmbyi yabicuranze. Ntuziteshe kugarama mu ntebe
zihateguye zigutegereje ngo witegereze amazi y’urubogobogo afata
ibara rihindagurika bitewe n’ikirere. Uzambwire ko hari ahandi nka howabonye.
Inyubako ndende cyane wabonye kugeza ubu ni iyihe niba utarageramuri Kigali?
Uwo munara w’Umujyi wa Kigali wawucaho utararamye ngo urebe
ukuntu ibicu byiruka ku ijuru ukitaza uwuhunga ugira ngo ukuguye
hejuru? Ngaho ihere ijisho umbwire ko atari ikirori? Benshi mu basura
Kigali batayiherutse bavuga ko uyu mugi ugenda utera imbere cyane.
Hari abavuga ko batungurwa cyane n’inyubako nyinshi nziza zigenda
zirushaho kwiyongera. Umunara w’Umujyi wa Kigali (Kigali City
Tower) ni wo muturirwa usumba iyindi muri Kigali. Ufite inyubako 18
zigerekeranye ukaba mu nyubako nziza ziheruka kubakwa vuba aha.
Reka tunanyarukire mu Rugando ku Kimihurura turahasanga Kigali
Komveshoni (Kigali Convention Center) n’icyumba cyayo k’inama ifite
ishusho imeze nk’iy’inzu nyarwanda ya gakondo, yihinduranya amabara
iyo bumaze kwira! Aha gakondo yahujwe na kijyambere maze amata
abyara amavuta! Erega iyo nzu ni yo yakiriye inama ya 27 y’Abakuru
b’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika kuva ku itariki ya
10 kugeza ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2016.
Nakubwiye ko uwarata ahantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda ataharangiza.
Gusa reka tunyarukire no ku ngoro y’ Ubugeni n’Ubuhanzi iri i Nyanza
mu Rukari. Nitugerayo turahasanga byinshi kandi bishya birimo inka
z’inyarwanda zizwi ku izina ry’“Inyambo”. Hari n’abatahira benshibazitaho bavuga amazina y’inka bakanaririmbira abashyitsi amahamba
mu ngoro y’umwami. Ayo mahamba n’amazina y’inka hamwe n’imurikwa
ry’inyambo ni ibyongera kwerekana ko uhasanga umuco nyarwanda
ukawibonera n’amaso imbona nkubone. Turanasobanurirwa neza
iby’umunsi w’umuganura wizihizwa muri Kanama buri mwaka. Uwo
munsi ugaragaza imigenzo n’imihango yakorwaga ibwami no mu
mpande zitandukanye z’igihugu. Turanasura icyumba cy’abana kiswe
“Reka gikure”, cyakira cyanecyane abana bari hagati y’imyaka ine
na cumi n’itanu, hagamijwe gutuma bagira ubumenyi mu bijyanye
n’imibanire, umuco n’ubuhanzi bizanwa n’amatsiko, guhimba, kwibaza
n’ubumenyi rusange bw’abana. Turasura n’ibihangano bishushanyije
by’abana b’Abanyarwanda byuzuye mu bice bimwe by’iki cyumba
kugira ngo tuzabone uko tubishishikariza abana b’Abanyarwanda.
Ducumbikiye aha atari uko aho dusura hashize. Turashaka kuguha
umwanya ngo nawe utubwire aho watugereye ari ho huzuza uru
rugendo rwo kurambagira igihugu cyose. Ngaho haguruka ukigende,
ukizenguruke ukimenye neza uzabone icyo ubwira abandi, ejo ba
mukerarugendo batakikurusha kandi warakivukiyemo. Ugire urugendoruhire!
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
1. Guhogoza 14. Rubagimpande
2. Gukurura 15. Kwidumbaguza
3. Kumarayo 16. Gusomeza
4. Kurambagiza 17. Kubara
5. Kurabukwa 18. Akarwa
6. Gukumbuza 19. Kwitegera
7. Kuribagira 20. Akabyiniriro
8. Kubangikana 21. Kurambagira
9. Gutamiriza 22. Amahamba
10. Amasimbi 23. Amazina y’inka
11. Amashyuza 24. Umutahira
12. Ingeri 25. Umuganura.13. Amavunane
b) Koresha aya magambo akurikira mu nteruro wihimbiye
ukurikije icyo asobanura mu mwandiko:
1. Guhogoza 6. Kwidumbaguza
2. Kurambagira 7. Gusomeza
3. Kuribagira 8. Kwitegera
4. Gutamiriza 9. Kurambagiza
5. Amashyuza 10. Umuganura.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Ahantu nyaburanga twabonye hagaragara iki kihariye?
2. Pariki n’ahantu nyaburanga bitaniye he?
3. Pariki n’ahantu nyaburanga bimariye iki igihugu cyacu?
4. Toranya muri aya mashusho akurikira afite aho akwibutsawasomye mu mwandiko.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo
Mwungurane ibitekerezo kuri iyi nsanganyamatsiko:
Utekereza iki kuri iyi nteruro: “Ubwiza bw’ahantu cyangwa bw’ikintu
buba mu ijisho ry’uhareba cyangwa ukireba.” Tanga ingerozumvikanisha neza igitekerezo cyawe.
Umunsi wo kwita abana b’ingagi izina wizihirizwa mu Kinigi mu birometero
cumi na bitanu uturutse mu mugi wa Musanze. Iki gikorwa abaturagebaturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga bakigiramo uruhare bafatanyije n’abashyitsi
baba bitabiriye uwo munsi. Ubuheruka uyu munsi wabanjirijwe no gutaha
isomero ry’Umurenge wa Kinigi nk’igikorwa kegerejwe abaturage kivuye
mu gusaranganya inyungu z’ibiva muri pariki.
Mu gihe k’icyumweru hatanzwe ibiganiro ku kurinda urusobe
rw’ibinyabuzima, hatahwa ibikorwa remezo byubatswe n’Ikigo k’Igihugu
Gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) ku mafaranga kigenera abaturage baturiye
pariki, n’amasosiyete agera kuri mirongo itandatu y’abikorera akorana
na ba mukerarugendo abajyana gusura mu Rukari, Kibeho, Nyungwe
na Pariki y’Akagera.
Usibye abaturage, kwita izina byitabirwa kandi n’abashyitsi bavuye
imihanda yose. Haba hari ba mukerarugendo n’abandi b’ubusa binjiza
amadovize mu Gihugu n’imifuka y’abakozi babitaho ikarushaho
kubyibuha. Mbese kwita izina abana b’ingagi ni umunsi ukomeye
by’umwihariko ku Banyamusanze. Ari abanyabugeni, ari abahoze ari ba
rushimusi muri Pariki y’Ibirunga bagera kuri magana inani bibumbiye mu
makoperative y’ubukorikori n’ubugeni, ari abanyamahoteri n’abatwara
ba mukerarugendo, bakorera amafaranga atandukanye n’ayo bakorera
mu bindi bihe. Abo ba rushimusi bigishijwe ubukorikori n’ubugeni none
burabatunze n’imiryango yabo.
Kuri uwo munsi, abanyabugeni n’abanyabukorikori bacururiza ku
muhanda uva Musanze ugana mu Kinigi bunguka amafaranga menshi,
ku buryo buri wese ashobora kwinjiza ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu.
Mu mahoteri usanga ibyumba byashize, ibiryo bikaribwa, inzoga
zikanyobwa. Mbese ibintu byose biba bigenda neza cyane, n’abahinzi
bakabona isoko ry’umusaruro wabo kuko amahoteri aba akeneye ibyo
kugaburira abo bashyitsi. Ikindi, amasosiyete atwara ba mukerarugendo
na yo abona akazi kenshi bitandukanye n’indi minsi. Mu Mugi wa Musanze
ndetse no mu Murenge wa Kinigi ufatwa nk’igicumbi cy’ubukerarugendo
habarurwa amahoteri agera kuri makumyabiri acumbikira cyanecyane
ba mukerarugendo.
Ubukerarugendo bukorerwa muri Pariki y’Ibirunga bwahinduye
ubuzima bw’abantu bagera ku gihumbi na magana atanu, bubaha
akazi hafi ya bose bakesha amaramuko yabo ya buri munsi. Muri
bo hari abatwaza ibikapu ba mukerarugendo n’abakora ibikorwaby’ubukorikori n’ubugeni.
Inyungu zikomoka kuri pariki zigera ku baturage bose bayituriye.
Miriyoni zisaga ijana na cumi zashowe mu bikorwa remezo nk’amashuri,
imiyoboro y’amazi ndetse n’amashyirahamwe y’abaturage yongererwa
ubushobozi. Imirimo yose ijyanye n’ubukerarugendo yaba iyo mu
mahoteri cyangwa iyo kubaka urukuta rubuza inyamaswa konera
abaturage ikorwa n’abatuye mu murenge wa Kinigi. Uyu murenge
wahawe imiyoboro y’amazi kandi wubakirwa amashuri meza ubikesha
iryo saranganya ry’inyungu z’ibiva muri pariki. Kubera iyi poritiki
yo gusaranganya inyungu z’ibiva muri pariki yatangiye muri 2005,
abayituriye barushijeho kubona ko ari iyabo bagira uruhare mu
kuyibungabunga, bishimira ibyo yabagejejeho.
Akamaro k’ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda rero ni ntagereranywa
kuko igihugu kihungukira byinshi birimo kugaragaza isura nziza
mu iterambere, ubukungu n’umutekano. Gusa hari ibintu by’ingenzi
bigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo ubukerarugendo butadindira n’ibyo
bwari butegerejweho bikagenda nka Nyomberi.
Gukurura ba mukerarugendo bisaba kubizeza umutekano no kubakira
neza. Umuntu ukeneye kureba ingagi zo mu Birunga nta handi yazibona
ataje mu Rwanda. Ahaza kuko ashobora kuhabona umutekano usesuye.
Nta mukerarugendo waba afite amakuru y’uko ahantu runaka hatari
umutekano usesuye ngo abe yafata umwanzuro wo kuhatemberera azi
neza ko ashobora kuhagirira amakuba.
Abaturage ndetse n’abanyeshuri bakeneye kumenya akamaro
k’ubukerarugendo n’uruhare rwabwo mu guhindura ubuzima bwabo
n’ubw’igihugu. Ubukangurambaga bugomba gukorwa ubutitsa ngo
bamenye uko bitwara imbere y’ababasura n’imbere y’imico mishya
bababonaho.
Guteza imbere ubukerarugendo ni no gukangurira abanyagihugu
gukunda gusura ibyiza bigitatse. Ntibikwiye kumva ko umukerarugendo
ari umuntu uturutse mu bihugu bya kure gusa. Ibyiza nyaburanga bitatse
igihugu ntibikwiye kuba umwihariko w’abanyamahanga cyanecyane
abazungu. N’abenegihugu bakeneye gutembera no kwinezeza. Ni yo
mpamvu abanyagihugu akenshi bagabanyirizwa igiciro cyo gutemberera
ahari ibyiza nyaburanga ugereranyije n’abanyamahanga.
I. Inyunguramagambo
Koresha mu nteruro zawe bwite amagambo akurikira:
1. Gukesha amaramuko 4. Ubutitsa
2. Kudindira 5. Inzitizi
3. Ubukangurambaga 6. Kugenda nka nyomberi
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Hitamo igisubizo kiri cyo muri bitatu byatanzwe kuri buri
nomero.
1. Umunsi wo kwita izina abana b’ingagi uba ugamije:
a) Guhuza abaturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga mu birori bakishima
bakarya bakanywa.
b) Guteza imbere ubukerarugendo no kwinjiriza igihungu
amadovize atuma giteza imbere ibikorwa remezo
bitandukanye.
c) Kurwanya ba rushimusi bangiza Pariki y’Ibirunga.
2. Ubukerarugendo bufitiye inyungu:
a) Leta yonyine yo yakira amadovize.
b) Abaturiye pariki bo binjiza amafaranga bakura ku
banyamahanga.
c) Abanyarwanda bose kuko amadovize yinjijwe akoreshwa mu
gutunganya ibikorwa remezo bidufitiye akamaro twese.
3. Igituma ba mukerarugendo bakunda u Rwanda ni uko:
a) Rwateye imbere mu bukungu
b) Abaturage bavuga ururimi rumwe
c) Hari umutekano usesuye kandi bakaba banakirwa neza
4. Ubukerarugendo bufitiye akamaro kanini ubukungu
bw’u Rwanda kuko:
a) Bugaragaza isura nziza yarwo.
b) Burata ubukungu bwarwo.c) Bwinjiza amadovize menshi.
5. Kugira ngo ubukerarugendo burusheho guteza imbere
ubukungu bw’u Rwanda:
a) Abanyarwanda bose bogomba kububonamo akazi.
b) Hagomba gukoramo abantu babihugukiwe kandi babyigiye.
c) Hagomba kongerwa ibiciro ku basura pariki.
6. Umukerarugendo ni:
a) Umunyamahanga gusa uvuye kure uzerera areba imisozi
n’amashyamba.
b) Umuntu wese wirirwa azerera bwakwira akarara ku gasozi
cyangwa mu ihoteri.
c) Umunyamahanga cyangwa umwenegihugu utanga
amafaranga kugira ngo asure ibyiza nyaburanga biri mu
gihugu mu rwego rwo gutembera no kwinezeza.
7. Abaturage bahugurirwa ubukerarugendo kugira ngo:
a) Bage bitondera abazungu batembera igihugu batabaha
amafaranga ava mu iterabwoba.
b) Basabe amadovize abanyamahanga barebye ibintu byabo.
c) Bamenye uko bakira neza ba mukerarugendo n’uko bacagura
mu mico babazanira bagafata itabatesha agaciro.
8. Ibiciro by’ubukerarugendo biba bito ku benegihugu:
a) kuko nta mafaranga bagira.
b) kuko baba bareba ibintu by’iwabo.
c) kugira ngo barusheho kubwitabira.
9. Mu birori byo kwita izina abana b’ingagi:
a) Nta ba mukerarugendo baba barimo.
b) Nta mafaranga baca kuko aba ari umunsi mukuru.
c) Hinjizwa amafaranga n’andi y’ubusa.
10. U Rwanda, Uganda na Kenya byashyizeho urwandiko
rw’inzira rumwe:
a) Kuko biri mu Muryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu by’Afurika
y’Iburasirazuba.
b) Kugira ngo byongere ibyinjizwa n’ubukerarugendo bityo
n’ababonamo akazi biyongere ku buryo bugaragara.
c) Kuko bifite umugambi wo guhinduka igihugu kimwe.
11. Kwita izina byitabirwa:
a) N’abanyamusanze gusa.
b) Na ba mukerarugendo bonyine kuko ari bo biba byateguriwe.
c) N’abantu bavuye hirya no hino.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ikibazo gikurikira:
Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo
Mwungurane ibitekerezo ku kibazo gikurikira:
Musanga hakorwa iki kugira ngo Abanyarwanda barusheho kwakira
neza ba mukerarugendo kandi banasobanukirwe n’akamaro
k’ubukerarugendo ku Gihugu cyacu?
V. Umwitozo w’ubumenyi ngiro
Shushanya ikarita y’u Rwanda ushyiremo ahantu nyaburanga
hatanu mu ho wavumbuye mu myandiko wize.
6.7. Ubwoko bw’amagambo adahinduka:
icyungo
Soma aka gace k’umwandiko maze uvuge imiterere
n’umumaro by’amagambo yanditse atsindagiye.
Nubwo amagambo yavugwaga bwose, nubwo amatorero
anyuranye yakomeje kwiyereka ndetse n’intore zigahamiriza,
nakomeje gutekereza no kwibaza kuri izo ngagi n’ibyo zakoraga
nsanga bitangaje. Niko kwibwiriza negera umwarimu wigisha ku
kigo cyacu ngo ansobanurire ibyo nakomezaga kubona. Namubajijeukuntu utwo twana tw’ingagi turi bumenye kwisubiza mu rugo
kandi tutazanye na za nyina. Na we ntiyantengushye yampaye
igisubizo gisobanutse ko izo nitaga ingagi zitari zo ahubwo bari
abana b’abantu bambaye nk’ingagi. Bakaba bari bahagarariye
ingagi nyirizina kuko zo zitashoboye kuza mu birori.
Ibibazo byo gusubiza:
1. Ubona amagambo yanditse atsindagiye afite uwuhe mumaro mu
nteruro? Wayita iki?
2. Shaka andi magambo akoreshwa kimwe n’aya ku buryo yajya mu
bwoko bumwe.
Inshoza y’icyungo
Icyungo ni ijambo ritagoragozwa rihuza amagambo abiri afitanye isano:
izina n’irindi zina, ntera n’indi, inshinga n’indi nshinga, ikinyazina n’ikindi
kinyazina cyangwa rigahuza ibice by’interuro.
Amagambo aba adahinduka iyo yandikwa kimwe buri gihe. Ni ukuvuga
ko adashobora kugoragozwa. Ijambo ritagoragozwa ni iridashobora
kugira inteko, rigahora ari rimwe ryaba riherekeje ijambo riri mu bwinshi
cyangwa riri mu bumwe. Rero ibyungo biri mu magambo adahinduka.
Ibyungo birimo amoko abiri:
1. Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ubw’ibyungo biva mu nteruro igahindura
igitekerezo cyangwa ikagitakaza.
Gereranya izi nteruro ebyirebyiri:
a) – Aririmba nk’ufite agahinda. (Ufite agahinda na we baririmba
kimwe.)
– Aririmba ufite agahinda. (Ufite agahinda ni we aririmba.)
b) – Yandakariye boshye mbifitemo uruhare. (Nta ruhare mbifitemo
ariko ntibyamubujije kundakarira.)
– Yandakariye mbifitemo uruhare. (Afite impamvu zo
kundakarira kuko mbifitemo uruhare.)
Mu nteruro za kabiri muri aya matsinda yombi y’interuro, nta
gereranya ririmo kuko icyungo “nka” cyavuyemo. N’ibisobanuro byazo
bitandukanye n’ibisobanuro by’interuro za mbere kuko bivuga ibindi.
2. Ubwoko bwa kabiri ni ubw’ibyungo biva mu nteruro ntihindure
igitekerezo.
Gereranya izi nteruruo zikurikira ebyirebyiri zikurikirana.
a) – Urahinga kandi ushonje?
– Urahinga ushonje?
b) – Yandebye maze araseka.
– Yandebye araseka.
c) – Arabwirwa ariko ntiyumva.
– Arabwirwa ntiyumva.
Izi nteruro uko zikurikirana, ebyirebyiri zisobanura kimwe zaba zirimo
ibyungo: “kandi”, “maze” na “ariko” cyangwa bitarimo.
Amatsinda y’ibyungo akurikije igisobanuro cyabyo
1. Icyungo na kifashishwa mu kunga cyangwa guhekeranya no
kwifashisha.
Ingero:
a) Kalisa na Mulisa ni impanga.
b) Intare n’ingwe ni inyamaswa z’inkazi.
c) Agenda n’igare iyo agiye ku kazi.
Ikitonderwa:
Icyungo na kigira impindurantego no ikoreshwa imbere y’imbundo,
y’indangahantu n’imbere y’umugereka w’ahantu:
a) Kuzamuka no kumanuka birabusanye.
b) Yambujije ibwami no ku karubanda.
c) Aracisha hepfo no haruguru!
2. Ibyungo byifashishwa mu kugereranya: nka, boshye:
a) Agenda nk’uwenda kugwa.
b) Yikorera nka ruvakwaya.c) Arakorora boshye impongo!
3. Ibyungo byuzuza: ko, ngo
a) Ndashaka ko muva hano.
b) Aravuze ngo mukore mutikoresheje.
4. Ibyungo byifashishwa mu guhitamo: cyangwa, keretse
a) Birye cyangwa ubireke nta byo wahinze.
b) Sinumva keretse uvuze cyane.
5. Ibyungo byifashishwa mu kubangikanya cyangwa mu
kubusanya: uretse ko, nyamara, nkanswe
a) Ndamukunda uretse ko atabizi.
b) Urangaya nyamara ntundusha guhinga neza.
c) Nange byansinze maze iminsi niga nkanswe uriya udaheruka
kureba mu ikaye!
6. Ibyungo byifashishwa mu kongeraho: kandi, ndetse
a) Ariga kandi agakora muri hoteri.
b) Ndamwirukana ndetse noye kumuhemba.
7. Icyungo kiziganya: iyo
– Iyo mbimenya simba naje.
8. Ibyungo byifashishwa mu kuvuga impamvu cyangwa
inkurikizi: kuko, kugira ngo, none
a) Yibye none baramufunze.
b) Ruhuka kuko wakoze.
c) Ndaje kugira ngo dufatanye.
9. Icyungo kifashishwa mu kwivuguruza: nako
– Mpereza, nako mperekeza ndagiye.
Umwitozo
Simbuza utudomo dutatu icyungo gikwiye ukuye muri ibi
bikurikira: na, no, nko, nka, nkanswe, keretse, cyangwa, kuko,
nako, none, kugira ngo, ndetse, kandi
1. Kamana … Safari baravukana.
2. … inyange zirapfa … ibyiyone!
3. Ntira … ntiza igare nyarukire ku maduka.4. Yanze kuza … namutumiye.
5. Aragenda … ku rukuta akubitaho agahanga!
6. Namuzanye … umubaze icyamuteye kwivumbura.
7. Nta kica … irungu.
8. Yasize akinze … urufunguzo ararubuze.
9. Nta cyo nakora … ubanje kunsobanurira.
10. Ntiwandenganya … waje utanteguje.
11. Genda … urorere.
12. Erega hano mwahahinduye … mu kabari!13. Nibishoboka ndaza kugusura … nkuzanire n’umwuzukuru wawe.
Ku wa kabiri tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2014, mu Kinigi mu Karere ka
Musanze, habereye ku nshuro ya cumi umuhango wo kwita izinaabana b’ingagi cumi n’umunani.
Najyanyeyo n’abandi banyeshuri twigana mu mwaka wa gatandatu.
Uwo munsi wahuriranye n’ikiruhuko kuko twizihizaga umunsi mukuru
w’ubwigenge bw’Igihugu cyacu. Ari abanyeshuri ari n’abaturage twese
twari twabukereye. Gusa icyanshimishije cyane ni uko umuntu wese
wabaga yahageze yahabwaga icyo kurya n’icyo kunywa nta vangura,
kandi buri wese akanywa icyo ashaka. Uyu mwaka, insanganyamatsiko
yagenewe umuhango wo Kwita Izina ni “Kubungabunga ibidukikije
haterwa inkunga abafatanyabikorwa mu kurinda umutungo kamere
wacu.” Ni mu gihe ingagi zo mu birunga zizwiho gukurura ba
mukerarugendo benshi bava mu bice bitandukanye by’isi. Igituma
duhamagarirwa kubungabunga ubuzima bwazo ni uko zisigaye hake ku
isi, harimo aha muri Pariki y’Ibirunga, ihuriweho n’ibihugu by’u Rwanda,
Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo na Uganda.
Kuva mu gitondo kugeza hafi saa tanu z’amanywa, mu muhanda uva
mu mugi wa Musanze werekeza mu Kinigi abantu bari uruvunganzoka,
bagenda umwe ku wundi, kandi bose bishimye. Mu gihe twari
tugitegereje abayobozi, abitabiriye ibirori bagendaga bahabwa icyayi,
ababishoboye bagafata agakawa, kuko mu Kinigi haba imbeho nyinshi
cyane. Hari amatorero n’andi y’ubusa yakomezaga gusimburanaasusurutsa abantu bari bateraniye aho.
Hari intore, abahanzi batandukanye baririmba ku giti cyabo ndetse habaye
n’irushanwa ryo kubyina. Byatumye mbona abahanzi batandukanye
imbonankubone, kuko ubundi najyaga numva kenshi indirimbo zabo kuri
radiyo. Nahise numva nange ngomba kuzaba umuhanzi.
Abayobozi bamaze kuhagera, buri wese mu bafashe ijambo yashimiye
abitabiriye uwo muhango anasaba imbaga yari iteraniye aho
guharanira ubusugire bw’ingagi cyanecyane ko zinasigaye hake cyane
ku isi. Nyuma yaho hakurikiyeho kwita amazina abana b’ingagi. Nge
njyayo sinumvaga ukuntu ingagi ziza kuza zikajya mu birori maze
bakazita amazina zarangiza zigataha mu ishyamba. Ihurizo rikomeye
ryari ukuntu abana b’ingagi bari buze cyangwa niba turi bubasange mu
ishyamba. Namwe se si ko mwabikekaga? Mbandikiye iyi nkuru ngo
abatarahageze mwumve uko byagenze.
Abana b’ingagi ntaramenya ko bari abana b’abantu bihinduye ingagi
nagiye kubona mbona barahasesekaye, bajya mu myanya. Nahise
ntangara cyane ndiyamira. Uwo bajyaga kwita izina yaratambukaga
akigira imbere abantu bakamubona bakamufotora. Natangajwe
cyane n’uburyo ingagi zizi ubwenge nk’ubw’abantu neza neza. Zimwe
bamaraga kuzita zigaseka, zikigaragura aho mu kibuga ndetse
zikadukorera n’amasiporo, tukazikomera mu mashyi twishimye. Na zo
zikishima, zarangiza zikamenya gusubira mu mwanya wazo!
Nakomeje gutangara ntangarira utwo tugagi duto, uko twumvira
n’uko twubahiriza ibijyanye n’umuhango nk’aho ari abantu! Iyo
bahamagaraga yigiraga imbere bakavuga se na nyina, barangiza kuyita
izina igasubira mu mwanya wayo, hakaza indi. Natangajwe no kumva
abanyamahanga bita ingagi amazina y’Ikinyarwanda. Ayo nibuka
ni “Birashoboka, Masunzu, Ndengera, Imikino, Inkindi, Nkurunziza,
Nakure na Nkundurwanda, Twiyubake na Kwigira, Isange, Tebuka,
Ubukombe na Mboza.”
Mu magambo yahavugiwe igikorwa kigana ku musozo, hibanzwe
cyanecyane ku kamaro Pariki y’Ibirunga ifitiye abayituriye n’ubufatanye
bugomba kuba hagati y’abaturage n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo umusaruro
itanga urusheho kubageraho no kubagirira akamaro. Mu bikorwa
bakesha uwo musaruro harimo kubaka amashuri, kugeza amazi meza
ku baturiye ibirunga n’ibindi. Abanyarwanda bakanguriwe kurushaho
gusura ingagi cyanecyane ko bafite amahirwe yo kuba muri bake
bazisigaranye ku isi. Umunyanijeriya yavuze ko ingagi z’iwabo baziriye
bakazitsemba twese tugwa mu kantu! Rubanda rurarya da! N’ukuntu
ingagi iteye neza neza nk’umuntu bagatinyuka bakayirya? Yewe,
agahugu umuco n’akandi umuco koko!
Mbere y’uko intore zihamiriza ngo zisoze ibirori byacu nk’uko bisanzwe
mu Kinyarwanda, umushyitsi mukuru, umugabo munini w’amasoso
wambaye n’amataratara, yahawe ijambo yongera gushimangira ko
ingufu zizakomeza gushyirwa buri munsi mu kurushaho kubungabunga
ubusugire bw’ingagi zo mu birunga. Ni n’icyo cyansigayemo cyonyine!
Nubwo amagambo yavugwaga bwose, nubwo amatorero anyuranye
yakomeje kwiyereka ndetse n’intore zigahamiriza, nakomeje gutekereza
no kwibaza kuri izo ngagi n’ibyo zakoraga nsanga bitangaje. Niko
kwibwiriza negera umwarimu wigisha ku kigo cyacu ngo ansobanurire
ibyo nakomezaga kubona. Namubajije ukuntu utwo twana tw’ingagi
turi bumenye kwisubiza mu rugo kandi tutazanye na za nyina. Na we
ntiyantengushye yampaye igisubizo gisobanutse ko izo nitaga ingagi
zitari zo ahubwo bari abana b’abantu bambaye nk’ingagi. Bakaba bari
bahagarariye ingagi nyirizina kuko zo zitashoboye kuza mu birori.
Nange ngatangare ukuntu inyamaswa yitwara nk’umuntu kuva ibirori
bitangira kugera birangira! Ubwo ni bwo nasobanukiwe, naho ubundi
nari ngiye gutaha numva ko ingagi ari abantu neza neza.
Uko bimeze kose byari bishimishije, nawe nubona akanya ibiroriby’ubutaha ntibizagucike.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko:
1. Twari twabukereye 6. Kwiyamirira
2. Insanganyamatsiko 7. Agahugu umuco akandi umuco
3. Uruvunganzoka 8. Kwiyereka
4. Gususurutsa 9. Gutenguha.
5. Gusesekara
b) Koresha, mu nteruro, aya magambo akurikira:
1. Twabukereye
2. Kwiyereka.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite:
1. Ibirori bivugwa mu mwandiko bishingiye ku ki?
2. Ibyo birori byabereye he kandi byitabirwa na ba nde?
3. Uyu muhango ko ukorwa buri mwaka uba ugamije iki?
4. Sobanura muri make uko umuhango wo kwita izina abana
b’ingagi ugenda.
5. Mu mazina yahawe ingagi haragaragaramo ibihe byifuzo?
6. Ni iki gishobora kuba cyaratumye ingagi z’ahandi zicika?
7. Kuki utubwira iyi nkuru yavuze aya magambo ngo “agahugu
umuco akandi umuco”?
8. Ubara iyi nkuru ni muntu ki?
9. Ikibazo yakomeje kwibaza ni ikihe? Yaje kugisubizwa ate?10. Ubutumire aduha asoza inkuru ye ni ubuhe?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Erekana ibice by’ingenzi bigize uyu mwandiko, uvuge aho buri
gice gitangirira n’aho kirangirira.
2. Uyu mwandiko wawita iki ukurikije uko utangira, ibivugwamo
n’uko urangira?
6.9. Inkuru
a) Ibiranga inkuru
Inkuru irangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
1. Ubara inkuru/umubarankuru.
2. Igihe n’aho ibintu byabereye.
3. Uko ibyabaye byatangiye.
4. Uko ibyabaye byagenze.
5. Abagize uruhare mu byabaye.
6. Uko byarangiye.
b) Kubara inkuru ni iki?
– Kubara inkuru ni ukugeza ku bandi ibyo umuntu yabonye cyangwa
yumvise abyanditse cyangwa abivuze. Kuvuga ibyo wabonye ni ko
kubara inkuru.
– Iyo ubara inkuru uba uri umubarankuru ukavuga ibyo wabonye uko
byagenze.
– Kugira ngo inkuru ibe yuzuye igomba kugaragaza uruhererekane
rw’ibikorwa, uwabikoze cyangwa ababikoze, aho byabereye, igihe
byabereye, uko byagenze, impamvu yabiteye n’uko byarangiye.
– Burya aba afite ibibazo agenda asubiza atabizi: Habaye iki? Ni nde
wabigizemo uruhare? Ni iki cyabigizemo uruhare? Byabereye he?
Hari ryari? Byagenze bite? Kubera iki?
– Igihe ubara inkuru, ushobora kubikora muri ngenga ya mbere niba
ibyo uvuga cyangwa wandika byabaye warabigizemo uruhare.
Urugero: Abana b’ingagi koko nagiye kubona mbona barahasesekaye,
bajya mu myanya.
– Mu gihe utabigizemo uruhare, witabaza ngenga ya kabiri cyangwa
iya gatatu.
Urugero: Abana b’ingagi koko ukabona barahasesekaye, bakajya
mu myanya.
Urugero: Abana b’ingagi koko abona barahasesekaye, bajya mu
myanya.
– By’umwihariko iyo wandika inkuru, ubanza kuyikorera imbata.
Intangiriro: Kuvuga muri make icyo ugiye kuvugaho
Igihimba: Kuvuga uko ibikorwa byagiye bikurikirana kuva ku cya
mbere kugera ku cya nyuma, buri gikorwa kikiharira igikaUmusozo: Inshamake y’ibyabaye n’isomo bitanga.
Umwitozo
Guhanga bandika
Umaze gusoma imyandiko no kureba amashusho kuri pariki z’Igihugu
n’ahantu nyaburanga. Ni nk’aho wasuye aho hantu naho waba wari
utarahagera. Andika inkuru kuri uru rugendo ugaragaza ibyiza
wabonye hamwe muri aha hantu ugereranyije n’ibyo wari warumvisebahakubwiraho.
6.10. Ubwoko amagambo adahinduka:
imigereka/ ingera
Musome aka gace k’umwandiko maze mugerageze gutahura
imiterere n’umumaro by’amagambo yanditse atsindagiye:
Kuva mu gitondo kugeza hafi saa tanu z’amanywa, mu muhanda uva
mu mugi wa Musanze werekeza mu Kinigi abantu bari uruvunganzoka,
bagenda umwe ku wundi, bishimye, kandi bambaye neza. Twahageze
kare maze mu gihe twari tugitegereje abayobozi, abitabiriye ibirori
bagendaga bahabwa icyayi, ababishoboye bagafata agakawa, kuko
mu Kinigi haba imbeho nyinshi cyane. Hari amatorero n’andi y’ubusa
yakomezaga gusimburana asusurutsa abantu bari bateraniye aho.
Ibibazo byo gusubiza:
1. Amagambo yanditse atsindagiye urumva avuga iki?
2. Yongera iki mu nteruro?
3. Wayita iki uhereye ku miterere n’umumaro wayo?
4. Ukurikije icyo asobanura ubona aya magambo wayashyira mu moko
angahe?
a) Inshoza y’umugereka/ingera
Umugereka ni ijambo ritagoragozwa, risobanura izina, ntera, inshinga,
cyangwa undi mugereka. Ni ijambo ryumvikanisha uburyo, igihe, inshuro
ikintu gikorwa cyangwa ahantu gikorerwa.
b) Amoko y’imigereka/ingera
1. Umugereka w’uburyo
a) Uyu mwana aririmba neza.
b) Noneho ko Kibwa asa nabi?
c) Humura ndavuga buhoro.
d) Gira vuba tugende tudakererwa.
2. Umugereka w’igihea) Nageze hano kare.
b) Mbe Bihehe ko ugenda nijoro?
c) Uyu mugabo muzi kuva kera.
3. Umugereka w’inshuro
a) Vuga rimwe gusa mbasohore.
b) Ubunyereri bunyigeze kabiri.
c) Nturenze inshuro eshanu z’ako kebo.
4. Umugereka w’ahantu
a) Aryamye hejuru y’ameza.
b) Agiye hakurya y’uruzi.c) Ipusi ikunda munsi y’ameza.
Imyitozo:
Subiza ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Shaka iyindi migereka y’uburyo uyikoreshe mu nteruro zawe
bwite.
2. Shaka iyindi migereka y’igihe uyikoreshe mu nteruro zawe
bwite.
3. Shaka iyindi migereka y’inshuro uyikoreshe mu nteruro zawe
bwite.
4. Shaka iyindi migereka y’ahantu uyikoreshe mu nteruro zawebwite.
Mfashe ko:
– Ubukerarugendo bufitiye Igihugu cyacu akamaro kanini. Bwinjiriza
Igihugu amadovize, butuma ibidukikije bibungabungwa ndetse
abaturiye ibyiza nyaburanga n’Abanyarwanda muri rusange
bakegerezwa ibikorwa remezo. Biryo tugomba kubungabunga
ibidukikije.
– Hari amagambo yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma. Kubera
ko umwami yari yubashywe cyane ndetse n’ingoma na yo yari
yubashywe cyane.
– Pariki y’Akagera irimo ibyiza byinshi bitatse u Rwanda. Twavugamo
indyanyama n’indyabyatsi, inyoni, umwuka mwiza, ibiti by’amokomenshi, ibiyaga n’ibindi.
– Pariki y’Ibirunga ituwe n’ingagi zikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi.
– Hari ahantu henshi nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Twavuga nk’i Kibeho,
kuri Muhazi n’ahandi henshi.
– Hari amagambo y’ibyungo n’imigereka adahinduka ngo yisanishe
mu nteruro.
Urugero: – Nubwo utambonye, ni ubwo bunyobwa nashakaga.– Nubwo ugiye ni utwo tunyobwa nashakaga
6.11. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa
gatandatu
Akamaro k’ubukerarugendo
Ubwiza bw’u Rwanda buhera mu murwa mukuru warwo wa Kigali.
Isuku yawo ni cyo gitego yatsinze indi migi yo muri aka karere ndetse
no mu mahanga. Imiturirwa igenda yiyongera ubutitsa, imihanda mishya
ishyirwamo kaburimbo, kandi hagateganywa umwanya w’ubusitani
n’uwo guteramo ibiti kugira ngo Kigali ikomeze kugira akuka keza.
Iri terambere rijyana n’isuku, ni ryo rituma n’umubare w’abashyitsi
bagenderera u Rwanda ukomeje kwiyongera ubutitsa. Abenshi kandi
baza mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo, baje kwirebera ibyiza bitatse u
Rwanda.
Ubukerarugendo ni kimwe mu bintu byinjiza amafaranga menshi mu
gihugu. Bushobora gufasha mu kurwanya ubukene, kandi bugafasha
igihugu gutera imbere iyo bwitaweho.
Mu bihugu byinshi, ubukerarugendo bufite uruhare rukomeye mu
iterambere kubera ko bufasha igihugu kubona amafaranga y’amadovize,
kandi bugatuma abenegihugu babona imirimo.Mu bihugu bikiri mu
nzira y’amajyambere n’icyacu kirimo, ubukerarugendo bufite akamaro
cyane.
Mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo mu bihugu byacu harimo:
ikirere kiza kidashyuha cyane kandi ntigikonje bikabije, imisozi iteyeamabengeza, n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ibyo usanga biboneka
cyane mu byaro byacu. Ibintu ba mukerarugendo bakenera usanga
bidahenze. Akenshi bakenera ibintu bikorwa n’abanyabukorikori bacu,
abanyabugeni, ababoshyi n’abakora imitako itandukanye. Impamvu ni
uko ibyo baba bakeneye ari ibyo batabona iwabo. Kubera izo mpamvu,
ubukerarugendo bwadufasha kwihangira imirimo kandi itagombera
igishoro kiremereye.
Ubukerarugendo bufasha kandi izindi nzego z’ubukungu gutera imbere,
harimo amahoteri, amaresitora n’utubari.
Ubukerarugendo budufasha no kumenya agaciro k’umuco wacu. Imbyino
zacu n’ibihangano gakondo, iyo tubona bikunzwe n’abanyamahanga,
bidutera natwe ishema kumva ko bidufitiye akamaro, maze bikadutera
umwete wo kubisigasira.
Ba mukerarugendo rero baje gusura ibyiza biri muri pariki zacu, zirimo
iy’Akagera na Nyungwe, ariko cyanecyane ingagi zo mu birunga. Hari
kandi n’abazanwa no kwirebera ahari amahirwe mu ishoramari kubera
uburyo u Rwanda ruborohereza. Kuri abo yiyongeraho abaza baje
kwitabira inama mpuzamahanga zibera mu Rwanda. Aba bose ni ko
baba bakeneye aho kwidagadurira, kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye,
ariko kandi iyo izuba rirenze, aba bashyitsi bakenera aho barambika
umusaya muri hoteri zitandukanye.
Abo bashyitsi rero bafite akamaro gakomeye ku Rwanda rwacu.
Bakwiye kwakirwa neza kuko ari abashyitsi b’imena iwacu. Kubakira
neza ni ukumenya kubavugisha mu kinyabupfura kandi tukababanira
kivandimwe. Iyo basuye igihugu cyacu ni twe bigirira akamaro.
Namwe rero banyeshuri nimucike ku ngeso zo kubona abazungu
mukabashungera nk’aho ari ibikoko. Kubakomera ngo “muzungu,
muzungu”, ni ukugaragaza ubujiji n’uburere buke. Ingeso yo
kubasabirizaho na yo muyicikeho, ahubwo mutekereze icyo mwakora
cyatuma namwe bababona nk’abana b’abanyabukorikori.
Ibyo mwakora birahari. Hari nko kubaka inzu no gukora imodoka mu
bikenyeri, gushushanya ibintu bitandukanye ndetse no kubayobora mu
gihe babikeneye. Muge kandi mukoresha indimi mwiga mu mashuri
muganire na bo, kuko muziga kugira ngo muzikoreshe. Nimubigenza
mutyo, muzaba mwigaragaje nk’abana barezwe kandi bashyira mu
bikowa ibyo bize.
I. Inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
a) Abanyabukorikori d) Gusigasira
b) Abanyabugeni e) Gushungera
c) Igishoro f) Kubakomera.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
1. Ni iki gituma abanyamahanga basura u Rwanda bagenda biyongera?
2. Abasura u Rwanda bazanwa n’iki?
3. Ubukerarugendo bufitiye Igihugu cyacu akamaro kanini? Sobanura.
4. Ni ubuhe bufasha abanyamahanga basura u Rwanda baba bakeneye?
5. Ni gute dukwiye kwakira ba mukerarugendo?
6. Uramutse utuye aho ba mukerarugendo bakunze gutemberera
wakora iki kugira ngo nawe ugire icyo wabagurisha aho kubasabiriza?
III. Ikibonezamvugo
1. Soma neza aka gace k’umwandiko utahuremo ibyungo
n’imigereka ubigaragaze.
Mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo mu bihugu byacu harimo:
ikirere kiza kidashyuha cyane kandi ntigikonje bikabije, imisozi iteye
amabengeza, n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ibyo usanga biboneka
cyane mu byaro byacu. Ibintu ba mukerarugendo bakenera usanga
bidahenze. Akenshi bakenera ibintu bikorwa n’abanyabukorikori
bacu, abanyabugeni, ababoshyi n’abakora imitako itandukanye.
Impamvu ni uko ibyo baba bakeneye ari ibyo batabona iwabo. Kubera
izo mpamvu, ubukerarugendo bwadufasha kwihangira imirimo kandiitagombera igishoro kiremereye.
IV. Ikeshamvugo
1. Huza imvugo ziri mu ruhushya A n’ibisobanuro byazo birimu ruhushya B
2. Uzuza izi nteruro ukurikije uko bita imvugo cyangwa urusaku
rw’ibintu bikurikira:
IV. Kubara inkuru:
Tekereza ku hantu waba warigeze kujya mu rugendo: ku isoko, mu munsi
mukuru, gusura abantu, cyangwa urundi rugendo urwo ari rwo rwose
maze uhereye ku biranga inkuru twize, utubwire inkuru y’uko byagenzeutarengeje ipaji ebyiri.
Imyandiko y’inyongera
Umuvugo: Dore inama banyeshuri
Niba wiga uri mu ishuri
Uramenye imirimo wasize iwanyu
Uramenye impamba baguhaye
Umenye gukurikirana ibyo wiga
Ubwo wirinde kubura byose.
Umenye amategeko agenwa n’ishuri
Ko bayakurikiza uko yatanzwe
N’amafaranga agurwa ibyo ukeneye
Yari akwiye gukora ibindi
Wite ku masomo yakujyanye.
Niba uvuye kwiga kandi
Ntugatinzwe no gusamara
Jya ukina wiruka ugana iwanyu
Ubafashe imirimo y’umugoroba
Uzi ko itavunanye ariko ni myinshi.
Usenge Imana iteka ryose
Ni yo mubyeyi usumba byose
Ni umukungu utunze byose
Ihorana ubuntu igabira bose
Irinda iwanyu mu bihe byose.
Mwana kunda umurezi wawe
Ari na we mwarimu ukwigisha
Uzajye umwumvira muri byose
Ashinzwe ubwenge n’umuco byawe
Ni umubyeyi ungana so na nyoko.
Arakwitangira buri munsi
Amasomo atanga akayategura
Akanayagenera imfashanyigishoWamara kwicarana n’abandi
Akayaguhana umutima mwiza.
Uhorane umwete uge umwigana.
Ijambo ryose avuze uritore
Riba ribumbiyemo ubuhamya
Cyangwa inama z’ingirakamaro
Zizakugenga ubuzima bwawe bwose.
MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI 2000, Gusoma 6, Igitabo Cy’umunyeshuri Imprimerie Scolaire,
urup. 6-7.
Insigamigani: Byahumiye ku mirari!
Iyi mvugo bayikoresha iyo babonye umuntu wongereye andi matwara na yo
adahwitse ku mico bari basanzwe bakemanga; ni bwo bagira bati: “Noneho
yahumiye ku mirari.” Wakomotse kuri Rwamanzi w’Umunyagisaka, ari kwa
Cyirima Rujugira i Ntora mu Bwanacyambwe (Kigali); ahayinga umwaka wa
1700.
Kuri iyo ngoma, i Gisaka hateye inzara ndende ihaba icyorezo.
Abanyagisaka bagumya guhaha mu bihugu byegeranye. Ubwo
bahahishaga impu z’ingwe kuko ari cyo gihahishwa bari bagishobora
kubona ku bw’umuhigo n’umutego w’inyamaswa. Inzara irakomeza
ica ibintu biratinda. Bigeze aho umugabo witwa Muhoza wari se wabo
wa Kimenyi Rwahashya umwami w’i Gisaka, abura icyo ahahisha,
ahaguruka iwe ajya gusaba umuhungu wabo impu zo guhahisha. Agezeyo
aramubwira ati: “Inzara yandembeje, none nje kugusaba impu z’ingwe
zo guhahisha!” Kimenyi aramwumvira, aramwitegereza mu bumenyi
bwe, dore ko yitwaga Kimenyi; ati: “Kandi gahu k’ingwe nkwambara
nkutinya.” Ubwo yamuhanuriraga ko mu nda ye hazakomoka umwami
uzatsinda i Gisaka.
Muhoza yumvise amubwiye atyo ararakara. Aramubaza ati: “Mwana
wange ni uko umbwiye?” Yungamo iti: “Iyi nzara irantsinda ahandi
itantsinze mu gihugu cya data na sogokuru”. Arikubita arataha, ariko
ataha adatashye. Bigeze nijoro aracika, acikana n’abana be barimo
umukobwa we Rwesero na mwishywa we Rwamanzi; bacikira mu
Rwanda. Baraza basanga Cyirima i Ntora mu Bwanacyambwe; aho
niho ubu bita ku Gisozi, bahatunguka ku gasusuruko.
Muhoza atuma umugabo Mutamura kumuvunyishiriza ibwami; ati:
“Genda umbwirire Cyirima, uti Muhoza aragushaka ngo mubonane”.
Mutemura ajya kuvuga ubutumwa. Cyirima yumvise ko ari Muhoza
aratangara, ati: “Ubwo se Muhoza azanwe n’iki? Yatangazwaga n’uko
yari asanzwe azi ko ari se wabo wa Kimenyi, ntiyumve ikimugenza mu
Rwanda. Abwira Mutemura ati: “Hogi umubwire muzane”. Aragenda
amuzana mu rugo, bamwiteguranye icyubahiro kinini. Bararamukanya,
bamuha intebe aricara, bazana inzoga baramuha, ayisangira na
Mutemura kuko nta mwami wasangiraga.
Haciyeho iminsi, Cyirima ajya kumusura. Agezeyo abona umukobwa
we Rwesero aramubenguka, aramushima aramurongora, babyarana
Ndabarasa, wamuzunguye ku ngoma akitwa Kigeli. Ubwo bwa bumenyi
bwa Kimenyi rero buba buruzuye, bwa bundi yabwiraga Muhoza ati:
“Kandi gahu k’ingwe nkwambara nkutinya”.
Dore rero ko Muhoza yari yaracikanye n’uwo mukobwa we Rwesero
na mwishywa we Rwamanzi, bombi barebaga imirari, ni cyo gituma
Abanyarwanda bakuru, bavuga ko imirari yaturutse i Gisaka.
Rwamanzi uwo yari umukogoto wo kuboneza imyambi, akamenya no
kwizibukira akaburarugero. Aho amariye kumenyana n’Intarindwa
(umutwe w’ingabo za Cyirima), bajya kumasha hamwe agumya
guhamya, arusha benshi mu Ntarindwa. Bamaze kumasha bajya
kurasa impiru, ngo barebe urusha abandi kwizibukira, na bwo
Rwamanzi arabarusha. Havamo umugabo wo mu Ntarindwa witwaga
Sebuharara, ati: “Nimureke murase, niyizibukira araba aturusha twese”.
Bose barabyemera. Bajyana mu ruhando, Rwamanzi aritanganika,
Sebuharara aramuforera, arinjiza, ararekera. Rwamanzi agize ngo
arizibukira, undi aba yamugemye impiru mu jisho rwagati. Ripfa
ubwo, arahumiriza. Abahungu bariyamirira bati: “Rwamanzi ahumiye
ku mirari!” Barabikuririza, bijya mu bitaramo, babiharara mu mvugo
birarimbanya, bigeza ubwo bihindutse umugani. Nuko babona umuntu
usanzwe atari yibereyeho agwiriwe n’indi nsongerezi, bati: “Naka
yahumiye ku mirari”! Naho byaba ari ibintu bizambijwe n’indi nkomyi
y’inkonkobotsi, bati: “Byahumiye ku mirari”.
Guhumira ku mirari = kongera ibibi mu bindi.
Minisiteri y’Amashuri Makuru n’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubuhanga, Ibirari
by’insigamigani, igitabo cya kabiri, urup. 101-102
Insigamigani: Arata inyuma ya Huye
“Arata inyuma ya Huye!”, ni imvugo bavuga iyo babonye umuntu
uhondogera abatamwitayeho. Wakomotse ku ngaruzwamuheto
y’Umurundi, ivugana na Nyarwaya rwa Mazimpaka; ahagana mu mwaka
wa 1700.
Igihe kimwe Yuhi Mazimpaka yashatse gutera Umurundi witwaga
Rusengo rwa Kanagu. Bageze kwa Rusengo arabanesha, ingabo
ziratabaruka. Noneho ibwami babibonye batyo baragisha (baraguriza
icyatsinda Rusengo); bereza umusozi witwa Huye. Ubwo Nyarwaya
asubira kwa Rusengo na none ari we mugaba; ariko agenda yitwa
Huye.
Mu ngabo batabaranye hakabamo Umurundi bari baranyaze kwa
Rusengo amambere. Bageze mu nzira ahamagara Nyarwaya, ati:
“Nyarwaya!” Nyarwaya aramwiyama. Umurundi ati: “Umva mwana
w’umwami”, Nyarwaya, ati: “Unyita umwana w’umwami umbonye mu
ngoma?” Ati: “Mbe mugirwa w’umwami ko nguhamagara ntunyitabe!”
Nyarwaya, ati: “Unyita umugirwa umbonye mu bigega?”
Umurundi ararakara; ati: “Nyihorera nitugera mu ngoro ngari mu
ngombe kwa Rusengo uzanyitaba ntaguhamagaye!” Nyarwaya, ati:
“Nyabusa si ukwanga kukwitaba, ahubwo ni uko natabaye nitwa
Huye”. Umurundi ati: “Ubwo bwose kubwira intumva byabaye guta
amagambo inyuma ya Huye?” Barakomeza baratabara. Bageze kwa
Rusengo basanga yagiye kurarira i Kuzi kwa Mutaga. Umurundi
atangira gutata kuko ari we wari uzi iby’iwabo.
Rusengo arashyira araza. Umurundi abwira Nyarwaya, ati: “Rusengo
yaje”. Ubwo Nyarwaya yambara imyambaro y’ubugaba, ajya imbere
y’ingabo yitwaje intorezo; batera Rusengo. Batungutseyo, Rusengo
akubise Nyarwaya amaso agira ubwoba; aramubaza ati: “Mbe mwana
w’umwami!” Nyarwaya, ati: “Winyita umwana w’umwami ntumbonye
mu ngoma!”
Rusengo, ati: “Mbe mugirwa w’umwami!” Nyarwaya, ati: “Unyita
umugirwa w’ibwami umbonye mu bigega?” Rusengo, ati: “Izina
nguhamagaye ko uryanga ubundi witwa nde?” Nyarwaya, ati: “Nabishenahindutse, nitwa Huye!” Rusengo, ati: “Uhinduka ngo ubigenze ute?”
Nyarwaya, ati: “Uko mbigenza urabyibonera!” Ati: “Naje ndi Huye
Karuretwa Imanzi y’Uburunga, nyamunyaga amagana amapfizi
agapfana umurindo; naje ndi umugabo Rwakigenda, mugabo ugenda
ishyamba; mugabo uvoma urugina mu magara y’undi mugabo.
Naje wanjwe ay’ubusa nta bwo ngusiga naje!” Rusengo yumvise
amagambo ya Nyarwaya biramurakaza. Arihandagaza, ati: “Ndi Kibibi
kibunga, ndi Kigera cya Bizoza, ndi Kirashi nyamukanura, naragerereje
mva i Burundi ngeze i Bunyabungo ngira Umukara w’iya Ntegeyimana
utihonda ubusenzi nk’inyarwanda; ngira Sine riba mu misange y’epfo,
iyo inka zipfa ntizipfe ubusa zikagurwa ibisanga byuje inda z’abarenzi,
ibirapfarapfa bikagurwa imisagavu n’imigombora; akabyosa Ntoki
zitoba inkwanzi, (umugore we) umukobwa wa Ntawumwanga; ati:
“Ngira na Nyiri imiringa, irindwi, umukobwa wa Nyamurinda, waje
ku mpeshyi no ku ruhira, ukabanza ari urutembabarenzi; ati: “Ngira
n’Urusaro rwa Nzikwesa ruresaresa umusore mu museke rwamugeza
mu isezeraniro rukamusoka isonga y’ururimi, Nyiri u Burundi ati:
“Sabwa”.
Ubwo bahera ko barasakirana bararwana. Rusengo akubita Nyarwaya
inshuro amusumiye; agiye kumusubirana i Kuzi kwa Mutaga, wa
murundi agoboka Nyarwaya afata Rusengo amaguru; Nyarwaya
aramubyukana amukubita intorezo ye amuca igihanga. Wa murundi
abwira Nyarwaya ati: “Sinakubwiye ko nitugera mu ngoro ngari mu
ngombe kwa Rusengo uzanyitaba ntaguhamagaye!”.
Nuko amaze kumwica, banyaga Umukara w’iya Ntegeyimana,
anyaga Sine riba mu misange y’epfo iyo inka zipfa ntizipfe ubusa
zikagurwa ibisanga byuje inda z’abarenzi, ibirapfarapfa bikagurwa
imisagavu n’imigombora, akabyosa Ntoki zitoba inkwanzi, umukobwa
wa Ntawumwanga; anyaga Urusaro rwa Nzikwesa ruresaresa
umusore mu museke rwamugeza mu isezerano rukamusoka isonga
y’ururimi nyir’u Burundi, ati: “Sabwa”; anyaga Nyiri imiringa irindwi
umukobwa wa Nyamurinda waje ku mpeshyi no ku ruhira akabanza ari
urutembabarenzi; anyaga n’ibindi baratabaruka.
Bageze kwa Mazimpaka bamurika iminyago n’igihanga cya Rusengo; ariko
Nyarwaya ntiyamurikira se za nka n’abagore yanyaze. Aragororerwa
kuko yagize ubugabo akica Rusengo. Amaze kugororerwa abarezibaca hirya bamurega ko yasigaranye ibyiza yakuye kwa Rusengo.
Mazimpaka atumiza Nyarwaya, ahageze baramufata baramuboha.
Wa murundi wamutabaruye amusanga ku ngoyi; yambara ubusa aza
asaba Mazimpaka amata.
Undi arayamuhamagariza. Umugabo amaze kuyanywa, ati: “Reka
ninywere amata, umwana w’umwami anera ingoyi ngo arazira
imbwakazi z’abapfakazi bo kwa Rusengo”. Mazimpaka abyumvise
arababara, ati: “ubonye ngo nihorere umwana ubusa kandi yarangiriye
akamaro!” Amuca ku ngoyi ayisubizaho abamuregaga.
Nyarwaya amaze kuva ku ngoyi yibuka akamaro wa murundi ahora
amugirira: yibuka ko yamukuye mu iriba abashi bagiye kumwica,
yibuka ko yamutangiriye i Kuzi, Rusengo agiye kumujyana kwa Mutaga
kurarira, yibuka n’iyo ngoyi amuciyeho, ahera ko aramugororera
amuha inka n’ingabo.
Amaze kumugororera ba barezi basubira kwa Mazimpaka barega wa
murundi ngo ni umurozi wa Nyarwaya. Umurundi arafatwa arabohwa.
Bamaze kumuboha Nyarwaya arashengera, asanga aboheye mu nkike.
Amurebye, ati: “Wa murundi ko arareba nk’umurozi!”
Umurundi aramusubiza, ati: “Koko Abanyarwanda muri ba “mutisasirwa”:
nakurengeye bakuroshye mu iriba mbonye ureba nk’umwana w’umwami
nkuvanamo ndakuzana, nkurengera Rusengo agiye kukujyana kwa
Mutaga kurarira ubutagaruka, nkurengera so amaze kukubohera
amahamihami, umaze kunshima urangororera, none igihugu kibonye
unkijije kimpindura umurozi nawe wibagirwa akamaro kange umpinduye
umurozi?” Nyarwaya abyumvise yihutira gukoma yombi; abwira se
ati: “Ndagusaba ko umurundi wange ashoka; yirabura agatangwa
ariko adapfuye azize ubusa!” Mazimpaka abyumva vuba; ati: “Koko
nibamushore wenda yaba arengana!”
Bamushora inkoko barayitega basanga yeze. Imaze kwera bamuca ku
mugozi. Umurundi ahakwa na Nyarwaya arakira asazira mu Rwanda,
arusigamo umugani wa “ntibisasirwa” n’uwo guta inyuma ya Huye;
igihe yahamagaraga Nyarwaya atazi ko bamuhimbye irya Huye,
undi akamwihorera. Ngiyo inkomoko yo kuvuga ngo: “Naka arata
(amagambo) inyuma ya Huye”. Guta inyuma ya Huye = Kubwira
intumva.
MURIHANO, B., 1988, Ibirari by’Insigamigani, Kigali, urup. 48.
Twiyungure amagambo
Agahugu umuco akandi umuco: Abantu bagenda bagira
umwihariko wabo kandi bakumva ubabereye.
Akabyiniriro: Agahimbano.
Akanunga: Agasozi gato, gatumburutse.
Akarengane: uguhohotera umuntu hatubahirizwa uburenganzira
bwe.
Amacakubiri: Gusubiranamo kw’abantu bakicamo ibice.
Amagorofa: Amazu agerekeranye bita umuturirwa.
Amahamba: Indirimbo abashumba baririmba bacyuye inka.
Amahoteri: Amazu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru acumbikira abashyitsi,
akanafatirwamo amafunguro.
Amahugu:Uburiganya, ubwambuzi.
Amajyambere: Ibikorwa biteza abantu imbere bakava mu bukene.
Amarwa: Ikigage gisembuye/Inzoga isembuye ikozwe mu masaka
y’amamera, bakayita ikigage cyangwa amarwa.
Amashyuza: Amazi aturuka mu butaka abira kubera gushyuha
cyane.
Amasimbi: Urubura rwererana, ibintu byererana kandi bikonje
cyane bihanuka mu kirere bimeze nk’amahindu bikirunda mu
mpinga z’imisozi miremire bikahaguma kubera ubukonje bwinshi.
Amavunane: Umunaniro ukabije utuma umuntu yumva yacitse
intege.
Amayombo: Inzogera bambika imbwa y’impigi.
Amazi meza y’urubogobogo: Amazi asa neza, atarimo imyanda
kandi atagira ibara.
Amazina y’inka: Ibisingizo by’inka y’inyambo iruta izindi mu bwiza
imaze kubyara.
Aramusenda: Aramwirukana, amwohereza iwabo, baratandukana,
aramwanga..Araterura: Atangira kuvuga.
Azahutse mu magorwa: Avuye mu ngorane.
Bamuhinyura: Bamugaya.
Baracyavunishwa: Baracyakoreshwa imirimo ivunanye.
Baramushikiraga: Bazaga kumureba ari benshi kandi bafite
amatsiko.
Gucika intege: kunanirwa kwihangana.
Gufata ingamba: Gufata ibyemezo.
Gufungura: Kurya, gufata ibyo kurya(ifunguro).
Guha icyuho: Guha inzira, gutuma ikintu kitagombaga kwinjira
ahantu kihanyura, uba ufunguye ahantu kandi hari hafunze.
Guha umuntu akato: Kumwigizayo, kumunena, kudatuma ahegera.
Guhakana ugatsemba: Kwanga kwemera ibyo bakuvugaho
ukanangira.
Guhigura: Kugera ku ntego wihaye, kurangiza gukora ibyo
wagambiriye, wahigiye.
Guhogoza: Kuvugisha menshi.
Guhuza umugambi: Kujya inama, gufatira hamwe gahunda.
Gukomatanya: Gukorera icyarimwe ibintu byinshi. Guhuriza
hamwe ibintu.
Gukumbuza: Gutuma umuntu yibuka, akifuza kongera kubona ibyo
yakundaga.
Gukuramo inda: Gusohoka mu nda ibyara k’umwana utaragera
igihe, utarakura, akiri urusoro.
Gukurura: Kugira ubushobozi bwo gutuma abantu baza kukureba,
gutera amatsiko.
Gukwena: Guseka umuntu umumwaza cyane.
Gusakuma: Guhuza ibintu binyuranye, akenshi bitakagombye
guhuzwa, gufata ibintu byose nta kurobanura.
Gusama inda: Gutwara inda.
Gusatira: Kwegera cyane umuntu cyangwa ikintu mu buryo bwo
kukibangamira.
Gusesekara: Kugera ahantu n’imbaraga.
Gusesa akanguhe: Gusaza, kuba uri mukuru warabonye byinshi kuburyo wagira abandi inama.
Gusigana: Kujya impaka zo gukora umurimo buri wese yanga
kuwukora.
Gusomeza: Kurya ikintu ukajya urenzaho amazi, amata cyangwa
ikindi kinyobwa ubisikanya icyo kurya n’icyo kunywa.
Gususurutsa: Gushyushya, kubuza abantu kwigunga.
Gutamiriza: Kwambara nk’umutako.
Gutarama: Gusabana abantu baganira cyanecyane baririmba,
babyina bifashishije ibihangano by’ubuvanganzo. Ibi byakundaga
gukorwa nimugoroba abagize umuryango bateranye, bicaye
ku ziko. Muri iki gihe ibitaramo biba bigizwe n’indirimbo
z’amatorero.
Gutenguha: Kutitabira gukora icyo wari wiyemeje gukora.
Gutirimuka: Kuba umaze akanya gato uvuye ahantu.
Gutoha: Gushisha.
Ibirwa: Ubutaka buri hagati mu mazi. Urugero nk’ikirwa cya
Nkombo mu kiyaga cya Kivu.
Ibitekerezo: Ibyo umuntu atekereza.
Ibyinshi byotsa amatama: Iyo ugize inda nini ushaka kubona
byinshi mu nzira mbi birakugaruka.
Ibyiyumvo: Ugushimishwa cyangwa ukubabazwa n’ibyo ubona,
ibigukozeho, ibyo utamiye; ibiguhumuriye cyangwa se
ibigukozeho.
Icyanya: Ahagenewe kuba inyamaswa z’ishyamba, pariki.
Icyuho: Umwanya urimo ubusa akenshi ujya hagati mu kintu, kubura
igihuza cyangwa icyunga ibintu, igihombo.
Icyumba cy’umukobwa: Icyumba kigenewe abakobwa ku ishuri,
bakifashisha mu gihe bari mu mihango; aho biyitaho mu isuku.
Igihango: Amasezerano akomeye wagiranye n’umuntu
mwanywanye ku buryo kuyarengaho byakugiraho ingaruka
mbi. Uwo mwanywanye (guca kunda) wirindaga kumuhemukira
kugira ngo igihango kitazagukurikirana.
Igiti k’inganzamarumbu: Igiti kinini cyane mu mubyimba kimazeimyaka myinshi cyane.
Igitsure: Indoro ituma uwo uyirebye yikosora.
Ikantarange: Kure, mu mahanga ya kure.
Ikenewabo: Ikimenyane gishingiye ku masano abantu bafitanye
cyangwa ku kindi kintu bahuriyeho.
Ikigembe: Igice k’icumu cyo hejuru kibwataraye gikozwe mu cyuma
kibanza imbere iyo bariteye inyamaswa cyangwa ababisha ku
rugamba.
Ikigwari: Umunyamwete muke, umunebwe.
Ikintu giteye amabengeza: Ikintu gisa neza.
Ikirangirire: Umuntu uzwi cyane.
Ikiraro: Iteme, inzira ihuza ahantu habiri hatandukanyijwe
n’umwanya ushyirwaho ibiti cyangwa ibyuma na sima kugira ngo
bashobore kuhambuka.
Imbogamizi: Ikintu kibangamira umuntu, kimubuza kugera ku cyo
yifuza.
Imburagihe: Igihe kitaragera.
Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye: Uguhuza ibitsina hagati
y’umukobwa n’umuhungu cyangwa umugabo n’umugore nta
gakingirizo bakoresheje.
Imihigo: Intego umuntu arahirira kuzageraho akora ibi n’ibi mu gihe
iki n’iki.
Imisango: Amagambo bavuga mu mihango y’ubukwe.
Imizinga: Imitiba y’inzuki.
Impano: Ibyo umuntu aha undi nta kiguzi.
Impingane: Ibintu bigoye gukora.
Impundu: Amajwi y’urwunge arimo amarangamutima avuzwa
n’abategarugori bagaragaza ibyishimo, akenshi na kenshi habaye
nk’ibirori.
Inararibonye: Umuntu ukuze, wabonye byinshi bikamwigisha,
bigatuma amenya gushishoza.
Inda zitateguwe: Gutwara inda utarabiteganyije, utiteguye kwakira
umwana uzavuka.
Indangagaciro: Imico myiza ikwiye kuranga umuntu warezwe neza
nk’ubunyangamugayo, ikinyabupfura n’ibindi.
Indonke: Ubukire cyangwa ubundi butunzi umuntu ashaka kugeraho
aciye mu nzira zitari nziza nko kwaka ruswa n’ibindi.
Inganji: Imiyoborere idatsindwa.
Ingara z’iminyinya: Ni amashami y’iminyinya yakuze cyane
agatwikira ahantu hanini. Ubusanzwe urugara ni umwanya
urenga ku munwa w’ikintu nk’ingofero y’urugara, isafuriya
y’urugara.
Ingeri: Ibyiciro, amatsinda.
Ingumba y’inka: Inka itakibyara kandi itaraba ibuguma.
Inkengero: Inkuka z’umugezi cyangwa ikiyaga. Banakoresha iri
jambo bashaka kuvuga ahegereye umuhanda cyangwa ikindi
kintu.
Inkombe: Inkengero y’uruzi cyangwa ikiyaga.
Inkwano: Inka cyangwa amafaranga batanga kwa se w’umukobwa
kugira ngo bahabwe uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa.
Insanganyamatsiko: Igitekerezo k’ingenzi abantu baganiraho.
Inshike: Umuntu wapfushije abana bose bakamushiraho.
Intabire: Ahantu hahinze neza ariko batarateramo imyaka.
Intego: Icyo umuntu agambirira kugeraho, ikemezo umuntu afata
kugira ngo kimufashe kugera ku cyo ashaka kugeraho.
Inteko: Aho abatware bicaye. Biva ku nshinga guteka bivuga
kwicara k’umwami (aho umwami atetse ijabiro).
Intyoza: Umuntu uzi kuvuga neza, agatatura amagambo n’ingingo.
Ipfunwe: Ikimwaro gitewe n’uko utatunganyije ibyo wari ushinzwe
cyangwa n’uko utameze nk’abandi.
Kugira irari: Kwifuza ikintu iki n’iki wifuza kurya, kwishimishamo,
n’ibindi.
Ishimishamubiri: Irari ryo gushimisha umubiri umuntu yishora
mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, arya cyangwa anywa ibimunezeza
akarenza urugero.
Ishyamba ry’inzitane: Ahantu hameze ibiti byegeranye kandi
bisobekeranye ku buryo kuhinjira biba bitoroshye.
Ishyamba rya kimeza: Ishyamba rigizwe n’ibiti bitigeze biterwa,
byimejeje.
Ishyo: Inka cyangwa se imbogo nyinshi ziteraniye hamwe.
Isuka rugori: Isuka bitwaza bagiye gufata irembo iwabo
w’umukobwa.
Itaba: Ku musozi ahantu hasa n’ahitse ariko na none hategamye.
Itsinda: Abantu bari hamwe, mu gikorwa kimwe cyangwa intego
imwe.
Izenezene: Ubwirasi, agasuzuguro.
Katabirora: Izina rihabwa umuntu utagira isoni zo guhemuka,
zo kutubahiriza amasezerano, akenshi akaba yakwambura
ntiyishyure nk’amafaranga yagurijwe.
Kirazira: Ni ibintu bibujijwe gukora mu muco.
Ku karubanda: Ku muharuro hirengeye aho abantu bose
bemerewe kugera, akenshi ni ho umwami yabonaniraga
n’abaturage akahakemurira ibibazo byabo.
Kubangikana: Kuba iruhande rw’ikintu, gutegana.
Kubara: Kuvuga ibyo wabonye cyangwa wumvise.
Kubera umuntu ibamba: Kumwangira ibyo agusaba, ugatsemba.
Kubwika: Guhisha, guceceka.
Kubwiriza uwo mu mugongo: Guha uwo urera cyangwa umwana
wawe urugero rwiza cyangwa rubi.
Kudidimanga: Kuvuga udasohora neza amagambo, usubira mu
migemo cyangwa amagambo nk’umwana wiga kuvuga.
Kugambirira: Gushaka, kugira igitekerezo.
Kugamburuza: Kuvana ku izima, gutuma umuntu agaragaza icyo
yashakaga guhisha cyangwa avuga icyo yahishaga.
Kugandisha: Guca intege, kunebwesha umukozi ntarangize neza
umurimo yahawe.
Kuganza: Kurusha abandi cyane.
Kugwa agacuho: Kunanirwa cyane.Kujarajara: Kutaguma hamwe ukagenda mu nzira nyinshi; aha ni
ugukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu benshi.
Kujya mu mihango: Ni igihe cya buri kwezi kimara hafi iminsi ine;
abakobwa batakaza amaraso, kujya imugongo.
Kumarayo: Kurangiza.
Kumucaho inshuro: Kumukorera akabahemba ibyo bajya guteka.
Kunoza umugambi: Kwemeranya uko ikintu kizakorwa.
Kurabukwa: Kubona umuntu cyangwa ikintu mu kanya gato.
Kurambagira: Kuzenguruka, gutembera, k’umwami.
Kureba ikijisho: Kureba nabi umuntu, ugamije kumubuza gukora
nabi, cyangwa kumubuza gukora ikibi.
Kwicuza: Kubabazwa n’ibibi wakoze.
Kureshya: Gukurura umuntu cyangwa ikintu kubera ko wakunzwe,
gushukashuka umuntu ngo umwigarurire.
Kuribagira (ijisho): Kwitegereza cyane, ibintu cyangwa abantu bari
mu gikorwa.
Kuriganya: Kwambura umuntu ukoresheje amayeri.
Kurwicira: Kwiyemeza icyaha, kwihamya icyaha.
Kuvunyisha: Gusaba uburenganzira bwo kwinjira ahantu,
kujya kubaza kwa sebukwe umunsi bazaguhekera umugeni
bakamugushyikiriza (kujya kumvikana ku munsi w’ubukwe).
Kuvutsa: Kwambura, kubuza umuntu uburenganzira.
Kuyobokwa: Gukurikirwa kubera icyubahiro, kubahwa.
Kuziba icyuho: kujya mu mwanya w’umuntu cyangwa se ikintu
kidahari.
Kwagika: Gushyira imitiba y’inzuki/imizinga mu giti cyangwa ahandi
hantu utegereje ko yinjiramo inzuki.
Kwenderanya: Kwiyenza bikurura amahane.
Kwiba uhetse: Gukora amakosa abo uruta bakureba, gutanga
urugero rubi.
Kwidumbaguza: Koga umubiri wose wivuruguta mu mugezi
cyangwa mu kidendezi, cy’amazi.
Kwirara: Kudashyira imbaraga mu byo ukora, kudohoka.
Kwisumbura: Kuzamuka mu ntera, kujya ku rwego rwo hejuru
y’urwo wari ufite.
Kwitarura: Kwigira hirya gato y’umuntu cyangwa ikintu.
Kwitegera: Kuba imbere y’ikintu ukireba uko cyakabaye.
Kwivamo: Kwimenera ibanga, kuvugisha ukuri utabizi kubera ko
baguteze umutego ntubimenye.
Kwiyamirira: Gutangarira ikintu.
Kwiyandarika: Gukora ibikorwa bibi akenshi biganisha ku buraya,
ubusinzi, ku burara n’ibindi.
Kwiyereka: Kubyina, kwerekana ibirori uko wabiteguye, guseruka
mu mikino imbere y’abandi.
Kwiyumvira: Gutekereza ariko ujijinganya, ugisha imitima inama,
wibaza niba ukora ibyo bakubwiye cyangwa niba utabikora.
Mu gikari: Inyuma y’inzu mu rugo hatemerewe kugerwa n’ubonetse
wese
Mu museke: Mu museso wa kare, hatangiye gucya ariko izuba
ritararasa.
Musumbashyamba: Izina rihabwa twiga kubera ijosi ryayo
muremure cyane, utuma isumba ibiti byo mu ishyama irimo.
Ntakatubemo: Age kure yacu.
Ntawukandamije undi: Ntawuhohoteye undi, ntawuvunishije undi.
Rubagimpande: Indwara itera kubabara mu ngingo nko mu
nkokora, amavi n’intoki, hakiyongeraho no kugagara ijosi
cyanecyane mu gitondo cyangwa igihe umuntu amaze umwanya
aruhuka.
Rushimusi: Umuntu uhiga atabyemerewe, akiba inyamaswa
zibujijwe guhigwa.
Ruswa: Impongano waka abantu ngo ubakorere iki n’iki kandi kiri
mu nshingano zawe, wagombye kugikora nta cyo watse.
Rwabunga: Ikintu kinini cyane, izina rihabwa inzovu kubera ubunini
bwayo bukabije.
Rwarikamavubi: Izina rihabwa imbogo bitewe n’uko amavubi
ayarika mu matwi. Iyo izuba rivuye akayidwinga izunguzaumutwe, abantu bakayivugiraho ngo ihora ijunditse umujinya
(irakaye) kubera ko izunguza umutwe yiyama ayo mavubi.
Si ugusinda arasayisha: Akabya kunywa inzoga akarenza
urugero. Gusaya ni ukugwa ahantu hari ubutaka bujandamye
ugateberamo, bikaba ngombwa ko bagusayura.
Twari twabukereye: Twari twambaye neza ngo tubyizihize,
twabyiteguye.
Ubugumba: Kutabyara bitewe n’uburwayi bwamunze imyanya
myibarukiro cyagwa imyubakire y’umubiri uteye nabi.
Uburyaryate: Ububabare butuma umuntu ashaka kwishimagura.
Ubuso: Umwanya wose ikintu kiriho.
Ubutindi: Imyitwarire igayitse ituma umuntu adatinya guhemuka,
ubuhemu
Ubutita: Ubukonje bukabije.
Ubuvanganzo: Uruhurirane rw’ibihangano nyabugeni burimo
indirimbo, imigani, ibyivugo, amahamba… Ibi bihangano
bishobora kuba nyandiko cyangwa nyemvugo. Kubera ko
abakurambere bacu batari bazi gusoma no kwandika, ibihangano
gakondo byari nyemvugo gusa.
Urakomeje?: Uravugisha ukuri? Ntunkinisha?
Ubwonko: Igice cy’umubiri kidufasha gutekereza, kigakoresha
n’izindi ngingo z’umubiri.
Umubiri: Ibice by’umuntu birimo imikaya, amagufwa…
Umugabo: Gihamya, umuntu cyangwa ikintu kemeza ibyabaye
Umuganura: Wari umuhango wo gusangira no kwishimira
umusaruro mu gitaramo kiswe icy’umuganura. Wagiraga
n’undi mumaro wo kuzirikana umwami nka Nyiruburumbuke
bakamutura urutete rw’imyaka yeze. Usigaye ukorwa mu rwego
rwo kwishimira umusaruro, Abanyarwanda bagahurira mu ngo
z’abakungu bagasangira ibyo kurya bakanywa n’amayoga.
Umukerarugendo: Umuntu wiyemeje gukora urugendo agiye
gusura ibyiza bitatse aho agiye.
Umunyamahugu: Umuntu wamenyereye kwambura, udashobora
kwishyura amafaranga yagurijwe, umuntu ushaka gutwara
iby’abandi abeshya ko ari ibye.
Umunyana: Igisimba kimeze nk’inyana bivugwa ko cyazaga nijoro,
wakibona kirakinagira ukazabaho igihe kirekire, ukarama.
Umurambi: Ahantu harehare harambitse, hatarimo imisozi.
Umuranga: Uwamamaza ibikorwa by’umuntu cyangwa by’ikigo
runaka; na none ni umuntu ushakira undi umugeni.
Umusemburo: Imvange y’ifu (amamera cyangwa amakoma)
basembuza umutobe/umusururu kugira ngo bishye bibe inzoga.
Umushizi w’isoni: Umuntu ufite ingeso yo kuvuga nabi/gutukana.
Umutahira: Umutahira wari umunyacyubahiro baremeraga
ubushyo bw’inyambo akaburagira, akabukenura bukazarinda
busaza. Umutahira yishyiriragaho abakozi bo kumufasha muri
uwo murimo bitwaga abarenzamase bakaragira (kwirirwa
inyuma y’inka), bagakuka, bagaca ibyarire, n’ibindi.
Umutimanama: Ibyiyumviro, amarangamutima, ubwitonzi.
Umwaga: Umunabi, umushiha.
Urugendo shuri: Uruzinduko abantu bakorera ahandi hantu
bagamije kwiga.
Uruhindu: Igikoresho kimeze nk’agacumu gato kiboha ibyibo.
Urutoto: Amagambo menshi ahatira umuntu gukora ikintu runaka.
Uruvunganzoka: Abantu benshi cyane bagana mu kerekezo kimwe
cyangwa banyuranamo.
Ushamaje: Ushimishije abawurora.
Wiraburirwaga: Bawukorerega imigenzo yo kwirabura bakagira
ibyo bigomwa bakundaga. Kwirabura: Kwari ukumara igihe
runaka abantu bazirikana uwabo wabaga yitabye Imana.
Zishagawe: Zikikijwe, zishimiwe.Ibitabo byifashishijwe
– IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA,
2015, Integanyanyigisho z’Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri
abanza, REB, Kigali.
– MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE, 1990,
Ikinyarwanda, Ikibonezamvugo: Iyigantego, Inshoza y’inshinga nyarwanda,
Isomo ryateguwe na Igiraneza Tewodomiri, BPES, Kigali.
– MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI BW’IGIHUGU, 1976, Gusoma, umwaka wa
gatandatu, Hatier, Paris.
– MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI, 2008, Ikinyarwanda: Imyandiko mfashanyigisho,
Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri, Umwaka wa mbere, NCDC, Kigali.
– MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI, 2008, Ikinyarwanda: Imyandiko mfashanyigisho.
Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri, Umwaka wa kabiri, NCDC, Kigali.
– IRST, 2000, Inkoranya y’Ikinyarwanda mu Kinyarwanda, Igatabo I-IV,
IRST, Kigali.
– MINISITERI Y’URUBYIRUKO, UMUCO NA SIPORO, 2005, Ibirari
by’Insigamigani, Icapiro ry’Ingoro y’Umurage w’u Rwanda, Igitabo cya
kabiri, Icapiro rya 3, Printer set, Kigali.
– MINISITERI Y’AMASHURI ABANZA N’AYISUMBUYE, 1988,
Ikinyarwanda, Umwaka wa munani, Imprisco, Kigali.
– MURIHANO, B., 1988, Ibirari by’Insigamigani, Kigali.
– USAID, REB, EDC, DRAKKAR, Muze bana twandike dusome.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga
http://reb.rw/fileadmin/competence_based_curriculum/syllabi/Upper_
Secondary/Ikinyarwanda_mu_mashami_y’indimi.pdf: ku wa 20/7-
30/8/2016.
http://umuco-nyarwanda.blogspot.com/: ku wa 2/7-3/8/2016.