General
5 Gukorera mu mucyo
5.1. Kamuhanda na Katabirora
Habayeho umugabo wari umucuruzi akagenda urugo ku rundi agurisha
ibicuruzwa bye. Yari afite abana benshi bikamusaba gukora cyane ngo
ashakishe ibibatunga. Abantu bari baramwise Kamuhanda kubera ko
yahoraga agenda acuruza. Umunsi umwe, aza kugera mu mugi wari
utuyemo umugabo witwaga Katabirora bari barabaye inshuti bakiri
bato. Arahacumbika, biba amahire asanga nyiri urugo ari umucuruzi
nka we. Nuko barakorana batangira kunguka. Nyamara uwo mugabo
yari yarahindutse umunyamahugu mu bucuruzi bwe.
Igihe kimwe, ubwo bari bageze munsi y’igiti baruhuka, babara
amafaranga bari bamaze kunguka, Kamuhanda abonye amaze kugira
amafaranga menshi mu mufuka, abwira uwo mugenzi we ati: “Mbikira
aya mafaranga.” Barayabara, Katabirora ayajyana mu rugo iwe
arayabika. Bakomeza gucuruza. Hashize iminsi, Kamuhanda ashaka
gutaha. Niko kubwira mugenzi we ati: “Undebere ya mafaranga yange,
ejo ndashaka gutaha.” Katabirora abyumvise atera hejuru ati: “Ugire
kuba warabaye mu nzu yange nkugaburira ku mafaranga yange, none
aho kunyishyura ngo ninguhe amafaranga utambikije?” Kamuhanda
abanza kugira ngo ni imikino. Ni ko kubaza Katabirora ati: “Ubwo
se koko urakomeje? Ntiwibuka amafaranga naguhaye ngo umbikire
twicaye munsi y’igiti kiri hirya hariya?” Umugabo ati: “Reka da! Ibyo
uvuga simbyumva. Wambikije amafaranga wowe?”
Kamuhanda abonye bimuyobeye, yitabaza abayobozi. Bateranya
abunzi babagezaho ikibazo cyabo. Bagerageje kubaza Katabirora
uko byagenze, arahakana aratsemba, yemeza ko Kamuhanda nta
mafaranga yamuhaye. Byababaje Kamuhanda cyane. Abunzi ni ko
kubaza Kamuhanda bati: “Ese uyamuha nta muntu n’umwe wari uhari
cyangwa ngo mube mwarakoranye inyandiko?” Kamuhanda ati: “Nta
muntu n’umwe wari uhari. Twari tuvuye gucuruza twicara munsi
y’igiti turuhuka. Nuko tubiganiraho nyamubitsa kugira ngo ntazayata
cyangwa bakayanyibira mu nzira. Nari mwizeye rwose nk’inshuti kuko
twabyirukanye dukundana.”
Umwe mu bunzi wari usheshe akanguhe arabumva, nuko aramubwira ati:
“Ndumva amaherezo urubanza rwawe ruri bugutsinde. Dore ndabona
ufite terefone. Genda uge munsi y’icyo giti, uhicare. Nukiyoberwa uraba
utsinzwe. Numara kuhagera ukicara uduhamagare maze tukubaze
ibibazo. Ubwo mu byo uri bube utubwira turabonamo ukuri cyangwa
tuvumburemo ko utubeshya. Hari n’igihe icyo giti kiri bukubere
umugabo!” Kamuhanda arahagarara ariyumvira kuko yumvaga ibyo
uwo mwunzi avuze bidashoboka, ariko ku bwo kubaha aragenda.
Amaze gutirimuka aho, wa musaza ukuriye inteko y’abunzi yitarura
inteko gato amuhamagara kuri terefoni maze aramubaza ati: “Ndizera
ko warangije kugera munsi y’igiti. Wahageze?” Kamuhanda ati: “Oya
sindahagera haracyari akanya kugira ngo ngereyo.” Wa musaza
aramubwira ati: “Cyo noneho ba uretse ngire icyo mbaza mugenziwawe.” Ahindukirira Katabirora aramubaza ati: “Ko avuga ngo yageze
munsi y’igiti, urumva ari byo?” Katabirora arahakana ati: “Reka da!
Sinababwiye ko uriya mugabo ari umubeshyi. Icyo giti kiri kure cyane
ntashobora kuba yakigezeho kano kanya.” “None se ko avuze ngo ni igiti
cy’umuvumu, kiri hano hafi, na byo ni ukubeshya?” Katabirora noneho
yiterera hejuru araseka cyane ati: “Mbega umubeshyi! Ndababwiza
ukuri rwose icyo giti ni igiti cya avoka kiri haruguru y’umuhanda.”
Nuko wa musaza abwira Katabirora ati: “None se ubwo ntiwivuyemo?
Nta bandi bagabo dukeneye. Urarwiciriye. Ni gute wamenya icyo giti
aho giherereye n’icyo ari cyo? Wakimenye rero kubera ko ari cyo
mwari mwicaye munsi Kamuhanda aguha amafaranga.” Katabirora
n’uburyarya bwinshi acira amarenga wa musaza ngo barebe uko
baheza ayo mafaranga cyanecyane ko ntawabonye Kamuhanda
ayamuha, undi amubera ibamba. Ni ko kumucyaha n’umujinya mwinshi
agira ati: “Zana amafaranga y’umuvandimwe wawe ureke ubuhemu.”
Nuko ahamagara Kamuhanda ati: “Igarukire, urubanza rwarangiye.”
Nuko Katabirora ajya mu nzu iwe, avanayo agapfunyika k’amafaranga,
agahereza Kamuhanda.
Kamuhanda ashimira abunzi, ariko cyanecyane ashimira uwo musaza
w’inararibonye, wamenye kugamburuza Katabirora akavuga ukuri
yashakaga guhisha. Nuko abwira abari aho ati: “Cyo nimushake icyo
dusangira maze niyunge n’uyu muvandiwe washatse kundiganya kuko
burya “Umuti w’ubutindi ni ukwanga guhemuka!”
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko.
1. Umunyamahugu 10. Kwivamo
2. Katabirora, 11. Kurwicira
3. Urakomeje? 12. Inararibonye
4. Guhakana ugatsemba 13. Kugamburuza
5. Gusesa akanguhe 14. Kuriganya
6. Umugabo 15. Ubutindi
7. Kwiyumvira 16. Kubera umuntu ibamba.
8. Gutirimuka
9. Kwitarura
b) Imyitozo y’inyunguramagambo
a) Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro yawe bwite:
1. Kuriganya 6. Kugamburuza
2. Kwivamo 7. Ubutindi
3. Umunyamahugu 8. Kwitarura
4. Katabirora 9. Gutirimuka
5. Kurwicira 10. Kwihaniza (umuntu).
b) Muzi ko mu Kinyarwanda habaho indangagaciro na kirazira.
Indangagaciro ni zo twese duharanira kugira, tugaca ukubiri
na kirazira. Mumaze gusoma uyu mwandiko, mwuzuze
imbonerahamwe ikurikira mugaragaza uwo muzaba we n’uwo
mutazaba we muri aba bantu bakurikira: umutindi, imfura,
umutekamutwe, umwanzi wa ruswa, indyarya, indahemuka,
igisambo, incakura, umushukanyi, inyangamugayo, umwizerwa,
umunyakuri, umunyaburiganya, inyaryenge, inziragihemu,Katabirora
c) Tondeka aya magambo ku buryo ukora interuro zuzuye kandi
zifite icyo zisobanura.
1) guha-inyangamugayo-umuntu-wange-arebana-utari
-amakuru-n’umwirondoro-n’umutungo -Sinakwemerawange.
2) hasi-abakozi-ubunyangamugayo-Iyo-imisoro buri-bo-kandi
-bafatanya-isanduku-kunyereza-ari-n’abacuruzi-ya-bamwe
-bakagombye-mu-kuyigeza-Leta.
II. Ibibazo ku mwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite.
1. Kamuhanda ni muntu ki?2. Kamuhanda ni ryo ryari izina rye? Sobanura.
c) Tondeka aya magambo ku buryo ukora interuro zuzuye kandi
zifite icyo zisobanura.
1) guha-inyangamugayo-umuntu-wange-arebana-utari
-amakuru-n’umwirondoro-n’umutungo -Sinakwemerawange.
2) hasi-abakozi-ubunyangamugayo-Iyo-imisoro buri-bo-kandi
-bafatanya-isanduku-kunyereza-ari-n’abacuruzi-ya-bamwe
-bakagombye-mu-kuyigeza-Leta.
II. Ibibazo ku mwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite.
1. Kamuhanda ni muntu ki?2. Kamuhanda ni ryo ryari izina rye? Sobanura.
3. Yisunze nde mu kazi ke? Yabitewe n’iki?
4. Kuki Kamuhanda yabikije mugenzi we amafaranga?
5. Garagaza ko ibyo Kamuhanda yakekaga kuri mugenzi we ntaho
byari bihuriye n’ukuri.
6. Kamuhanda yitwaye ate mugenzi we amaze guhakana
amafaranga yamubikije?
7. Abunzi bakoze iki bamaze gushyikirizwa ikirego cya Kamuhanda?
8. Kuki umwunzi mukuru yabwiye Kamuhanda ko igiti gishobora
kumubera umugabo?
9. Katabirora yafashwe n’iki?
10. Garagaza ko umwunzi mukuru yari inararibonye koko.
11. Ni irihe somo ukuye muri uyu mwandiko?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko
2. Vuga ingingo z’ingenzi ziri mu mwandiko?
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo
Mwungurane ibitekerezo ku kibazo gikurikira:
Ni iki ugaya cyangwa ushima umwunzi mukuru, Kamuhanda na
Katabirora?
V. Gukina bigana
Musome iki kibazo mukine mwigana.
Muhereye ku mwandiko mumaze gusoma, nimuhimbe agakino
mwigana abakinankuru bavugwamo mugamije gushyigikira
ubunyangamugayo bw’umwunzi mukuru no kurwanya ubuhemu
bwa Katabirora.
Iyo bavuze ruswa jya wumva kwaka cyangwa kwakira impano, amaturo
n’indonke iyo ari yo yose kugira ngo ukore ibiri cyangwa ibitari mu
nshingano zawe. Ruswa kandi ni ugukoresha ububasha bwawe kugira
ngo utume undi afata ikemezo ku nyungu zawe, cyangwa iz’undi wifuza.
Mu kwakira impano zituma akoresha nabi ububasha yahawe, umuryi wa
ruswa aba agamije kwikungahaza, gukiza abo mu muryango we cyangwa
inshuti ze yirengagije akarengane bikurura. Buri gihe utanga ruswa hari
uwo avutsa uburenganzira afite cyangwa yemererwa n’amategeko,
kimwe n’uko hari uwo arutisha abandi basangiye uburengazira.
Twibaze ibyangirika igihe umuyobozi runaka, umuganga, umusifuzi
w’umupira, umukozi wo mu ruganda cyangwa undi muntu ufite ububasha
ubu n’ubu, yakora ikintu cyangwa akagira icyo yirengagiza gukora
agamije inyungu ze ku giti ke cyangwa iza mwene wabo, cyangwa kubera
ko yabonye impano, amafaranga, n’ibindi.
Abayobozi bamunzwe na ruswa, barangwa no gukoresha ikenewabo,ikimenyane, maze ugasanga umutungo w’igihugu wihariwe n’abantu
bamwe. Muri icyo gihe usanga abandi banyunyuzwa imitsi, bahakirwa
uburenganzira bwabo ku gihugu kuko baba barabwambuwe. Aha ni
ho usanga umunyeshuri w’umuhanga ari we utsindwa hagatsinda
utabikwiye, umucuruzi udatanze ruswa ntiyunguke, umuhinzi akabura
ubutaka bwo guhinga kandi hari abafite ibikingi bipfa ubusa, umuganga
ntavure abarwayi uko bikwiye kuko nta kantu yakiriye. Ruswa rero ni
mbi ku buryo bwose. Isumbanya abantu, ntibagire amahirwe angana,
ngo buri wese ashobore gukora no kwiteza imbere akurikije ubushobozi
bwe. Ruswa itera ubunebwe, igatuma abantu badakora bashishikaye
kuko abadakora babaho neza kurusha abakora.
Kubera gutinya ibihano, abayitanga n’abayakira bayivuga kwinshi
bajijisha. Usanga bayita bitugukwaha, inyoroshyo, gukanda amaguru,
kwica akanyota, ururimi rwa veterineri, umuti w’ikaramu, inzoga
y’abagabo, risansi y’imodoka ku muyobozi, agatike, umuhuza, kurya
akantu, ubutumwa n’andi.
Uburyo bwitabazwa na bwo ni bwinshi. Hari amafaranga, izindi ndonke
nk’inka, imirima, amazu... ishimishamubiri rijyana n’ubusambanyi,
ubucuti cyangwa ubufatanye bubi hagati y’abafite imyanya runaka,
bimwe bya mfasha iki nange nzagufasha kiriya ubutaha, igitinyiro,
iterabwoba, ikimenyane, guharabika n’ibindi.
Ruswa yica indangagaciro zose aho ziva zikagera, ikaba isoko yo
kwiyandarika ku bakobwa. Ruswa ntitana n’amacakubiri kuko ikurura
inzangano hagati y’abantu kubera ko bamwe batoneshwa abandi
bakarenganywa. Ruswa yica ubutabera, ikamunga ukuri, igaha icyuho
akarengane n’amahugu. Ruswa ituma igihugu kidatera imbere, kuko
ibyiza by’igihugu bitagera ku bantu bose uko bikwiye, hakabaho
abigwizaho umutungo, mu gihe abandi bicira isazi mu jisho.
Utanga ruswa kimwe n’uyakira bose baba bafite icyaha. Uyitanga aba
agamije kubona ibintu bidaciye mu mucyo, ndetse bitamukwiriye. Uyakira
na we aba atesheje agaciro akazi ke, kuko aba aciye ukubiri n’inshingano
ze. Bombi nta soni bagira kuko bayifata nk’umuco bakaba barangwa
no kubura ubunyangamugayo, kubura uburere, gushaka gukira vuba,
kudakorera mu mucyo kuko ntawuyitanga cyangwa ngo ayakire ku
mugaragaro. Muri make nta kiza cya ruswa.Ruswa igira ibibi byinshi k’uyitanga n’uyihabwa. Ese kuyica birashoboka?
Nta gishoboka nka byo! Ku bushobozi bwanyu, nimuharanire
kuyirwanya mutunga agatoki aho igaragaye.
Kuyica nta kundi ni ukurenga ubujiji dusobanukirwa n’ububi bwayo.
Abayobozi mu nzego zose n’abaturage muri rusange bashingiye
ku ndangagaciro y’ubunyangamugayo batinyuke bange kwaka
ruswa no kuyitanga. Abayihabwa bange kuyakira, abaturage
bakangurirwe kuyimenya, kuyirinda, kuyirwanya no kuyitangaho
amakuru. Amabwiriza agaragaza uko serivisi zitangwa mu nzego zose
za Leta ashyirwe ahagaragara kandi asobanure neza ibisabwa n’igihe
ubyujuje ahabwa serivisi yifuza.
Ingufu nizishyirwe mu kwigisha abaturage kumenya guharanira
uburenganzira bwabo, mu kwamagana ruswa, gutunga agatoki aho
igaragaye, kongera ubufatanye hagati y’inzego zigenzura n’izirwanya
ruswa no guhana by’intangarugero abo igaragayeho. Abaturage twese
n’abayobozi duhagurukire rimwe nk’abitsamuye tuyirwanye kandi
tuzayitsinda.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Tahura mu mwandiko amagambo asubiza ibibazo
bikurikira
1. Bampimba utuzina tujijisha ngo noroshya ibibazo kandi iyo bagiye
kumfata no kuntanga barihisha. Abanyakuri banyamaganira
kure kubera ko munga ubukungu bw’igihugu. Ubwo ndi nde?
2. Nta cyo nakumarira utampereje. Uwo mugayo uhabwa nde?
3. Utari uwange cyangwa uwo ntazi simureba n’irihumye. Iyo
nenge indanga ni iyihe?
4. Aho nageze abantu ntibongera kuvuga rumwe kuko
mbasumbanya bamwe mbarutisha abandi. Ni iki munenga?
5. Mpora ntegereje ko bagira icyo bampa kugira ngo mbakemurire
ibibazo. Ubwo mba nkurikiranye iki munenga?
6. Abanyishinze bahora bampereza kuko nsa n’ikirondwe ntajya
mpaga. Ubwo abo bantu mbakorera iki kigayitse?
7. Iby’abandi mbitwara ku mayeri kandi nkabiheza. Wanyamagana
unshinja iki?
8. Aho mba aha nirinda guhemuka nkarya ibyo naruhiye. Ubwo
ndangwa n’iki?
9. Nca mu ziko sinshye. Ubwo ndi iki?
10. Nta cyo mpisha ibyange byose mbikorera ahabona. Aho nkorera
ni he?
b) Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro zawe bwite
ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu nteruro.
1. Indonke 7. Ishimishamubiri
2. Ruswa 8. Amacakubiri
3. Kuvutsa 9. Amahugu
4. Ikenewabo 10. Icyuho
5. Impano 11. Bombi
6. Kunyunyuza imitsi 12. Indangagaciro
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Sobanura mu magambo yawe uko wumva ruswa?
2. Ni iki gituma abantu barya ruswa?
3. Ni gute ruswa ishyigikira akarengane?
4. Hangirika iki iyo igihugu cyamunzwe na ruswa?
5. Ububi bwa ruswa bugaragarira he?
6. Abatanga ruswa babiterwa n’iki?
7. Garagaza ko abatanga cyangwa abakira ruswa baba bazi ko
ari bibi.
8. Erekana ko kurwanya ruswa mu Rwanda bishoboka.
9. Sobanura uburyo kwirinda gutanga ruswa byatuma tugira
umuco wo kuzigama.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Kungurana ibitekerezo ku byavuzwe mu mwandiko
Mwungurane ibitekerezo ku kibazo gikurikira:
Ni uwuhe muganda mwatanga mu rugamba rwo guhashya ruswa?5.3. Gukorera ku mihigo bituma wiha gahunda
Ubu gahunda iriho ni ugukorera ku mihigo kuko bifasha buri muntu
gukorera ku ntego. Bimufasha kandi kwisuzuma akareba ko ibyo yahizeabishyira mu bikorwa. Ni muri urwo rwego hashyizweho imihigo y’ingo
aho zihigira ibikorwa zizageraho mu gihe runaka. Buri rugo rusabwa
kugira ikaye y’imihigo, rugaragarizamo ibyo bikorwa, rukabigaragariza
umukuru w’umudugudu rubarizwamo, na we akabyemeza abishyiraho
umukono.
Munyengabe Reveriyani ni umuhinzi mworozi ntangarugero w’imyaka
62. Iyi gahunda yo gukorera ku mihigo yayumvise vuba kandi ayishyira
mu bikorwa. Yemeza ko iyi gahunda y’imihigo y’ingo imaze guhindura
byinshi mu rugo rwe, kuko ibyo ahize gukora agerageza uko ashoboye
kose kugira ngo abigereho. Yageze kuri byinshi atari kuzageraho ku
buryo bworoshye. Asanga iyo umuturage ahize umuhigo akawuhigura
bimuha imbaraga ubutaha akazakora ibyisumbuyeho.
Ku bwe, gahunda nziza nk’iyi ifasha mu iterambere ku buryo bugaragara
kuko ituma umuturage yikorera isuzumabikorwa hakiri kare, ibyo
atari yageraho akabasha gufata ingamba zo kubigeraho. Ni mu gihe
kandi aba yamenye imbogamizi yagize n’ubufasha azakenera bibaye
ngombwa. Yifuje ko muri buri mudugudu iyi gahunda y’imihigo y’ingo
yakurikiranwa neza hashyirwaho itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura uko ya
mihigo igenda ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Byatuma hatabaho kwirara ngo
umuturage yirengagize ibyo yahize.
Gukorera ku mihigo byatumye arushaho kwiteza imbere mu buryo
bufatika. Afite ubuhinzi bukomatanyije n’ubworozi ndetse n’ubukorikori
butandukanye. Yoroye inka za kijyambere, yahinze urutoki, yahinze
ibijumba, ahinga imyumbati, ahinga n’imiteja, iyo yeze iba ifite uburebure
n’ubwiza bihebuje. Iyi miteja ngo imaze kumugeza kuri byinshi kuko
anafite isoko ryayo i Kigali. Mu mihigo ye, yahize ni ukuva kuri hegitari
imwe y’ubuhinzi bw’imyumbati akagera kuri imwe n’igice, akavugurura
ubuhinzi bwe bw’ibijumba, akajya no mu bwisungane mu kwivuza ndetse
agakorana na banki.
Mbere yo gukorera ku mihigo umuryango we wabaga mu nzu
y’amabati arindwi. Aho batangiriye guhiga, babashije kuyivugurura,
barayongera, bayishyiramo amashanyarazi n’amazi. Barahingaga
bakeza utudobo dutatu tw’ibishyimbo ariko aho batangiriye gukorera
ku mihigo, umusaruro wabo wavuye ku tudobo dutatu uba imifuka itatu
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y’ibishyimbo. Imihigo yabafashije gukora kare kandi bagakorera ku
gihe. Nta gikorwa na kimwe umuturage ashobora kumva ko atageraho
kandi hari ubuyobozi bumwegereye kandi bwiteguye kumufasha.
Iyo ugeze mu rugo rwe usanga ari ahantu hafite isuku kandi bigaraga
ko ari urugo rwifashije. N’ikimenyimenyi bamaze kwiyubakira biyogazi
ikora neza. Umufasha w’uyu mugabo, avuga ko kuva bakubaka biyogazi
ibicanwa bakoreshaga mbere byagabanutse cyane. Biyogazi inabafasha
mu kwita ku bidukikije no kubungabunga ubuzima muri rusange.
Akomeza agira ati: «Ibi byose mubona tubikesha gukorera ku mihigo
no gukorera ku ntego. Icyo twiyemeje kuzakora mu mwaka runaka
turacyandika hanyuma tugahora dukurikirana ko tukigeraho. Iyi kayi
y’imihigo idufasha gusuzuma aho tugeze cya gikorwa tukandikamo.
Gukorera ku mihigo bitanga imbaraga n’ishyaka mu bikorwa uba
wateganije gukora.»
Abayobozi ku rwego rw’Akarere baramugendereye muri gahunda yo
kureba iterambere abaturage bamaze kugeraho no kubagira inama
kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ibyo bakora. Batangajwe n’ibikorwa
bahasanze maze basaba abaturage kumufataho urugero kugira ngona bo batere intambwe ifatika mu mibereho yabo.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Nimushake muri uyu mwandiko amagambo afite
igisobanuro gikurikira:
1. Ikintu wiyemeza kuzageraho mu gihe runaka.
2. Icyo ugamije kugeraho.
3. Kwiyemeza icyo uzaba ugezeho mu gihe runaka.
4. Gushyira mu bikorwa icyo wari warahize.
5. Kurenga urugero rwari ruteganyijwe.
6. Igenzura rigamije kureba aho ugeze ushyira mu bikorwa ibyo
wiyemeje.
7. Kwemeza ibigomba gukorwa kugira ngo ugere ku cyo wiyemeje.
8. Ikintu cyose gituma utagera ku cyo wiyemeje, ibibazo ugira mugushyira mu bikorwa ibyo wiyemeje.
9. Kurangara ntukore uko bikwiye.
10. Gukorera ibintu icyarimwe.
11. Urugo rukize, rutagize icyo rubuze.
12. Inkwi zo gucana.
13. Ingufu z’umwuka zibyarwa n’udukoko bita bagiteri zicagagura
ibikomoka ku bimera, ku mwanda w’amatungo cyangwa
ku musarane w’abantu bifungiranye mu cyobo kidashobora
kwinjiramo umwuka wo hanze.
b) Koresha mu nteruro zawe bwite amagambo akurikira:
1. Imihigo 5. Gufata ingamba
2. Intego 6. Kwirara
3. Guhigura 7. Imbogamizi
4. Kwisumbura 8. Gukomatanya
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku mwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Gukorera ku mihigo bimaze iki?
2. Gahunda yo gukorera ku mihigo iteye ite?
3. Umuryango wa Munyengabe wahize kuzagera ku bihe bikorwa?
4. Uyu muryango wahiguye ute imihigo wahize?
5. Hakorwa iki kugira ngo iyi gahunda irusheho kugenda neza?
6. Umuryango wa Munyengabe wagize ruhare ki mu kubungabunga
ibidukikije?
7. Uwiyemeje gukorera ku mihigo asabwa iki kugira ngo abashe
guhigura neza imihigo ye?
8. Akarere kagaragaje gate ko gashyigikiye gahunda y’imihigoy’ingo?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Garagaza ingingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Gutegura imihigo y’ishuri.
Umwitozo:
Nimutegure ingingo mwumva mwahigira kugeraho muri uyu mwakahano mu ishuri ryanyu.
5.4. Dutange amakuru ku byo dukora
Kera gutanga amakuru ku byo umuntu akora byari ubushake.
Abanyamakuru binubiraga kudahabwa amakuru na bamwe mu bari
bashinzwe kuyatanga cyanecyane mu nzego za Leta. Ariko ubu
byarahindutse gutanga amakuru byamaze kuba itegeko.
Abayobozi mu nzego zigenga n’iza Leta basabwa gutanga amakuru
n’iryo tegeko ryamaze gushyirwaho umukono no gutangazwa mu
igazeti ya Leta. Ibi bizafasha abanyamakuru kubonera amakuru bashaka
ku gihe ndetse n’Abanyarwanda bayahabwe ku gihe. Uzaramuka yanze
gutanga amakuru ku byo akora azabihanirwa n’itegeko, natabikora
neza na bwo abibazwe n’amategeko. Abayobozi mu nzego za Leta
n’izigenga rero bafite inshingano zo gushyiraho umukozi uhoraho
ushinzwe gutanga amakuru, yaba adahari akagira umusimbura.
Abanyamakuru mu Rwanda bavunikaga bashaka amakuru ndetse
hamwe ntibayabone. Hari n’aho umuyobozi ushinzwe gutanga amakuru
yangaga kwitaba terefoni cyangwa se agasubiza umunyamakuru ko
afite ibimuhugije ku buryo adafite umwanya wo kuvugana na we.
Itegeko rirasobanutse kuko riteganya uburyo amakuru yakwa. Amakuru
asabwa n’umuntu ku giti ke cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu mu rurimi urwo
ari rwo rwose mu ndimi zemewe n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika
y’u Rwanda. Hakoreshwa imvugo, inyandiko, terefoni, ikoranabuhanga
cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’itumanaho bitabangamiye ibiteganywa n’iri
tegeko. Usaba amakuru ni we ugaragaza uburyo yifuza kuyahabwamo.
Iyo uburyo usaba amakuru yifuza kuyahabwamo burenze ubushobozi
bw’urwego rusabwa kuyatanga, yishyura ikiguzi kijyanye n’uburyo
ayifuzamo.
Ahanini kwimana amakuru byaterwaga n’impungenge abatanga
amakuru bagiraga, kubera kutizera abanyamakuru bayahaye, no gutinya
ko amakuru batanze ashobora kubagiraho ingaruka. Izi mpungenge
itegeko ryarazikemuye kuko rigaragaza amakuru yemewe gutangwa.
Akaba ari yo mpamvu abanyamakuru bagomba gukora kinyamwuga
bakagarurira ikizere abatanga amakuru, bakunze kuyimana bitwaza
ko abanyamakuru babavugira ibyo batavuze. Abayobozi na bo bajya
batanga amakuru ku gihe batagoranye kugira ngo imikoranire y’inzego
igende neza kandi n’abagenerwabikorwa ari bo baturage babashe
kugira uburenganzira kuri ayo makuru.Iri tegeko ntirifasha abanyamakuru mu kazi kabo gusa, ahubwo rifasha
n’Abanyarwanda muri rusange. Uburenganzira bwo kubona amakuru
ni inyungu z’Abanyarwanda bose kuko riha n’abatari abanyamakuru
kubaza inzego za Leta cyangwa izigenga amakuru bashaka.
Gushyiraho itegeko ni ikintu kimwe, ariko kurishyira mu bikorwa
bikaba ikindi. Inzego zose bireba zirasabwa gukora ibishoboka byose
rikubahirizwa. Birasaba kandi nanone abanyamakuru n’Abanyarwandamuri rusange gukomeza guharanira uburenganzira bwabo.
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Huza ijambo n’igisobanuro cyaryo ukoresheje akambi.
b) Koresha mu nteruro yawe bwite amagambo akurikira;
kwinuba, guhatira, kubazwa (ibyo utakoze), inshingano, guhuga,
kubangamira, ingaruka, gukemura.
c) Uzuza interuro zikurikira ukoresheje amagambo ari
mu dukubo.
(igaruka, gusimbura, gusimbuza, yinubira, yinukira, kubangamira,
kubagarira, ingaruka)a) Uyu mwana ...................... buri gihe ibyo bamutumye.
b) Umuntu udaheruka gukaraba yumva ......................
c) Reka ...................... bagenzi bawe batazagucikaho.
d) Dusabwa ...................... yose kuko tutazi irizera n’irizarumba.
e) Uzirengere ...................... zizava mu kudatangira amakuru ku
gihe!
f) Uze ...................... biriya biti byaboze ibikiri bizima.g) ...................... uyu mukinnyi biramvuna kuko naniwe cyane.
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
Nimusubize ibi bibazo byo kumva umwandiko mu magambo
yanyu bwite
1. Ni iki cyatumaga abantu batitabira gutanga amakuru ku byo
bakora?
2. Ni iki noneho gishobora kubaha ikizere bagatanga amakuru nta
cyo bishisha?
3. Abatanga amakuru n’abanyamakuru barasabwa iki muri iki
gihe?
4. Uwakwaka amakuru, ufite ubuhe bushobozi bwo kuyamuha?
5. Umunyamakuru akwatse amakuru mu buryo udafitiye ubushobozi
wabyifatamo ute?
6. Ko utari umunyamakuru itegeko rigena uburyo amakuru
atangwa rikumariye iki?
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo:
1. Ni iyihe nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko?
2. Vuga ingingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
IV. Gutegura amakuru no kuyatangaza.
Nimutegure amakuru ku byabaye ku ishuri ryanyu muri iki cyumweru,
ayo mutazi mubaze abayobozi n’abarimu niba hari inama zabaye,maze muyatangarize abandi banyeshuri.
5.5. Umwirondoro w’umuntu
Urugero rw’ umwirondoro wa Bizimana
1. Ibiranga umuntu:
– Amazina: BIZIMANA Kamegeri
– Amazina ya data: KAMEGERI Silasi
– Amazina ya mama: KANKUNDIYE Ana
– Itariki y´amavuko: 12 Mata 1990
– Aho navukiye: Umurenge wa Kigarama
: Akarere ka Kicukiro
– Aho ntuye: Umurenge wa Kanombe
: Akarere ka Kicukiro
– Irangamimerere: Ingaragu
– Ubwenegihugu: Umunyarwanda
– Aho mbarizwa:
Kanombe
Agasanduku k’iposita: 1209 Kigali
Terefoni: 0784455762
2. Amashuri nize
– Amashuri yisumbuye: 2002-2008 ku kigo cy’Urwunge
rw’Amashuri yisumbuye rw’i Mukura.
– Amashuri abanza: 1996-2002 ku kigo cya Remera.
3. Impamyabumenyi
Impamyabumenyi y’amashuri yisumbuye A2 mu ndimi.
4. Imirimo nakoze n’uburambe mu kazi:
2009-2014: Umukozi wigenga uhindura inyandiko mu ndimi (Igifaransa,
Ikinyarwanda n’Icyongereza).
2014- 2016: Umukozi mu icapiro ryigenga rya Kigali ku Kimihurura
ushinzwe gukosora imyandikire y’indimi.
5. Indimi nkoresha:
Ikinyarwanda: Nkizi neza cyane
Igifaransa: Nkizi neza
Icyongereza: Nkizi neza cyane6. Ubundi bumenyi:
Ndi umukinnyi w’umupira, w’ amaguru.
Mfite impamyabushobozi mu butabazi bw’ibanze mu gihe k’impanuka.
Ndi umukangurambaga mu butabazi bw’ibanze mu gihe habaye
impanuka.
Ndemeza ko ibyo mvuze haruguru ari ukuri.
Kanombe, ku wa 28 Mutarama 2016.
BIZIMANA Kamegeri
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo yakoreshejwe mu mwirondoro:
1. Ingaragu
2. Impamyabumenyi
3. Impamyabushobozi
b) Umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo:
Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro wihimbiye:
1. Ingaragu
2. Impamyabumenyi
3. Impamyabushobozi
II. Ibibazo ku mwirondoro
Musubize ibibazo bikurikira muhereye ku rugero
rw’umwirondoro wa Bizimana:
1. Umwirondoro ni iki? Umaze iki?
2. Umwirondoro ukorwa na nde?
3. Kuki abakoresha bakenera umwirondoro w’ushaka akazi?
4. Umwirondoro ukorwa ute?
5. Ni ibiki uwirondora agomba kwirinda?6. Ni ibihe bice by’ingenzi bigize umwirondoro?
5.6. Umwirondoro
1. Inshoza y’umwirondoro
Umuntu wese ushaka akazi asabwa kuzuza umwirondo uherekeza ibaruwa
isaba akazi cyangwa ugatangwa wonyine, kugira ngo umukoresha amenye
ibyerekeranye n’uwo agiye guha akazi. Umwirondoro rero ugaragaza
amazina y’umuntu, aho akomoka, ikigero arimo, amashuri yize n’imirimo
yakoze ndetse n’ibindi ashoboye mu buzima. Iyo umukoresha asomye
umwirondoro w’usaba akazi, ahita abonamo uburyo yagiye yitwara
mu mirimo itandukanye, cyangwa aho yize kuko ashobora no kubanza
kubaza ababanye na we ku ishuri no mu kazi kugira ngo amenye uko
yitwara.
Utegura umwirondoro rero agomba kuvugisha ukuri, ntatange amakuru
atari yo kuko byamukururira kwimwa akazi cyangwa akakirukanwaho
n’iyo yaba yararangije kukabona.
Umwirondoro ahanini ukoreshwa mu mabaruwa y’ubuyobozi iyo
uwandika yawusabwe cyangwa ashaka kwerekana ko uhuje n’umuntu
bifuza guha akazi. Ni yo mpamvu umwirondoro urangizwa n’interuroyemeza ko ibikubiyemo ari ukuri.
2. Uko umwirondoro ukorwa
Umwirondoro ukorwa umuntu agaragaza ibice by’ingenzi bitanu ari byo :
a) Ibiranga umuntu
Hagaragariramo amazina y’uwirondora, amazina ya se n’aya nyina,
itariki, ukwezi n’umwaka yavutseho, aho atuye n’aho abarizwa igihe
hatandukanye, irangamimerere ye (niba yubatse cyangwa akiri
ingaragu), ubwenegihugu bwe n’aho abarizwa.
b) Amashuri yize n’impamyabumenyi afite
Muri iki gice, uwirondora agaragaza amashuri yize, aho yayize n’igihe,
imyaka yize, amashami yakurikiye n’impamyabumenyi yahavanye.
c) Imirimo yakoze n’uburambe mu kazi
Uwirondora agaragaza imirimo yagiye akora, igihe yayikoreye,
aho yakoraga n’ibyo yakoraga. Asoreza ku murimo aba afite igihe
yandika umwirondoro we (iyo afite akazi).
d) Indimi akoresha
Uwirondora agaragaza indimi avuga cyangwa akoresha n’igipimo
azikoresherezaho. Ni ukuvuga uko azi ururimi uru n’uru niba aruzi
neza cyane, neza cyangwa aruzi buhoro.
e) Ubundi bumenyi afite
Muri iki gice cya nyuma, uwirondora agaragaza ubundi bumenyi
cyangwa ubushobozi afite butajyanye n’amashuri yize. Ni nk’ibindi
ashoboye gukora cyangwa afitemo impano, amahugurwa yakoze
n’impamyabushobozi yahawe n’ibindi.
Umwitozo:
Ufatiye urugero ku mwirondoro wa Bizimana Kamegeri, uzuza ururupapuro nk’aho rwakabaye urw’umwirondoro wawe
Umwirondoro wange
Amazina: .........................................................................................
Amazina ya data: ..........................................................................
Amazina ya mama: ......................................................................
Igihe navukiye: ................................................................................
Aho navukiye:
Umudugudu wa...................................... Akagari ka ...........................................
Umurenge wa ............................Akarere ka ............................ Intara ya ...........................
Aho ntuye:
Umudugudu wa ............................ Akagari ka ............................
Umurenge wa ............................ Akarere ka ............................ Intara ya ............................
Irangamimerere: ......................................................................
Ubwenegihugu: ......................................................................
Amashuri nize:
Kuva mu ............................ Kugeza ............................:
Kuva ............................ Kugeza ............................:
Kuva ............................ Kugeza ............................:
Imirimo nakoze
Kuva ............................ Kugeza ............................:
Indimi nkoresha: Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswahili...
Ubundi bumenyi:...................................................................
Ndemeza ko ibyo maze kuvuga ari ukuri.
Bikorewe i ............................ ku wa ............................
............................
...........................5.7. Ibaruwa isaba akazi
I. Inyunguramagambo:
a) Sobanura aya magambo:
1. Ubudakemwa 2. Umugereka
b) Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro zigaragaza ko
uyumva:
1. Ubudakemwa 2. Umugereka
II. Ibibazo byo kumva ibaruwa
Musubize ibi bibazo byabajijwe ku ibaruwa mu magambo
yanyu bwite.
1. Ni nde wanditse iyi baruwa? 4. Atangira ate?
2. Yandikiye nde? 5. Arangiza ibaruwa ye ate?
3. Ni iyihe mpamvu yanditse?
III. Gusesengura ibaruwa
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Vuga ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa yanditswe na Bizimana.
2. Ni ibiki Bizimana yitayeho mu ibaruwa ye?
3. Uhereye ku bice bigize ibaruwa iri ahabanza n’ibisobanuro
bikurikira, andukura imbata igomba gukurikizwa mu kwandika
ibaruwa.
4. Iyi baruwa ni bwoko ki?
5.8. Ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi
a) Inshoza y’ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi
Ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi ni urwandiko wandikira umuyobozi runaka ufiteicyo umusaba cyangwa umugezaho. Urwo rwandiko ruba rugufi kuko
ruvuga iby’ingenzi wifuza nta kurondogora. Urwo rwandiko rugira
impamvu, iyo mpamvu ni yo uwandika yibandaho ntage ku ruhande. Niba
hari ibisobanuro byiyongera kuri iyo mpamvu cyangwa hari inyandiko
zigomba kuyiherekeza, bivugwa mu rwandiko ariko bikayiherekeza
nk’umugereka. Mu ibaruwa uvuga ko ubigeretseho.
Ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi igira ibice biyigize n’imiterere yihariye. Aho
bitandukanira n’ibaruwa isanzwe, ya gicuti ni uko ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi
iba ngufi kandi ikavuga iby’ingenzi ntirondogore cyangwa ngo itange
ibisobanuro bidakenewe. Uyandikirwa ntaba afite igihe cyo guta mu
bidafite akamaro.
b) Ibice bigize ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi
Ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi ifite ibice bikurikira bigaragaza:
1. Uwandika n’aho abarizwa: Iki gice cyandikwa hejuru mu nguni
y’ibumoso bw’urupapuro. Muri make ibi umuntu yabyita “Uwandika
n’aho abarizwa”. Icyo gice ni iki gikurikira:
BIZIMANA Kamegeri
Akagari ka Karugira
Umurenge wa Gikondo
Akarere ka Kicukiro
2. Aho ibaruwa yandikiwe n’itariki yandikiweho: Ibyo bijya hejuru
mu nguni, iburyo bw’urupapuro. Icyo gice ni iki:
Gikondo, ku wa 20/6/2016
3. Uwandikiwe n’aho abarizwa: Iki gice kijya munsi y’umwirondoro
w’uwandika kigatangirira mu rupapuro rwagati. Icyo gice ni iki:
Bwana Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Amashuri Abanza cya GikondoKicukiro.
4. Impamvu yatumye ibaruwa yandikwa: Ijya munsi y’umwirondoro
w’uwandikiwe, ikigaragaza igitumye wandika. Kigatangirira ku
ntangiriro y’urupapuro. Icyo gice ni iki:
Impamvu: Gusaba akazi k’ubuzamu
5. Amagambo ahamagara uwandikiwe: Icyo gice cyandikwa munsi
y’umwirondoro w’uwandikiwe, kigaherwa buri gihe n’akitso. Ni iki
gikurikira:
Bwana Muyobozi,
6. Intangiriro: Ni igika kirimo impamvu yatumye wandika. Icyo gice
ni iki:
Nshimishijwe no kubandikira iyi baruwa mbasaba akazi k’ubuzamu
bwo ku manywa.
7. Igihimba: Ni igika kimwe cyangwa byinshi bisobanura uko uwandika
yamenye ko umwanya uhari n’ubushobozi afite bwo gukora ako kazi.
Ni ibika bikurikira:
Maze kumva itangazo mwacishije kuri radiyo zitandukanye ku
wa Mbere tariki ya 18/6/2016 musaba abashaka akazi k’ubuzamu
bw’amanywa, niyemeje kubandikira mbasaba ako kazi kuko
ngashoboye.
Mu by’ukuri ndi umusore wahuguwe mu byo gucunga umutekano
w’ibigo mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu kandi ndi inyangamugayo nk’uko
byemezwa n’ikemezo cy’ubudakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire
nahawe n’ubuyobozi bw’umurenge wa Gikondo ntuyemo. Icyo
kemezo kiri ku mugereka w’uru rwandiko kimwe n’umwirondoro
wange.
8. Umusozo: Ni igika gisoza giheruka ibindi bika kirimo ikizere
cy’uwandika cyo kubona igisubizo gishimishije. Icyo gika ni iki:
Mu gihe ngitegereje igisubizo cyanyu kiza, mbashimiye umutima
mwiza muzakirana ikifuzo cyange.
9. Amazina y’uwandika n’umukono we: Bijya munsi y’ibaruwa
ahahera iburyo bw’urupapuro bigahera rwagati. Icyo gice ni iki
gikurikira:BIZIMANA Kamegeri
c) Ibyo uwandika ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi yitaho
Uwandika ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi, yitwararika gusiga umwanya ibumoso
n’iburyo bw’urupapuro kugira ngo uwakira ubutumwa abone aho afata
abusoma atabuhishe n’intoki bubera kubufatamo. Ibaruwa yanditse neza
ibamo ibika ku buryo buri gitekerezo kiharira igika cyacyo.
Buri gika gitangira umurongo. Hagati y’igika n’ikindi hasigara umwanya
munini. Ibaruwa yanditse neza iba ifite utwatuzo kandi tugomba
gukoreshwa neza mu nteruro: akitso kagatandukanya ibice bibiri
by’interuro, akabago kagatandukanya interuro ebyiri. Utwo ni two
twatuzo dukoreshwa mu ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi. Byaba byiza hakoreshejwe
interuro ngufi kuko zituma igitekerezo cyumvikana neza kurushaho.
d) Imbata y’ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi
Imbata y’ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi iteye ku buryo bukurikira:
Uwandika n’aho abarizwa Aho yandikira n’itariki
Urwego rw’ubuyobozi
rw’uwandikirwa n’aho
abarizwa
Impamvu: ................................................
Amagambo ahamagara
umuyobozi wandikirwa
Igika k’intangiriro ................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Igika gitangira igihimba .....
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Igika cy’umusozo .................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Amazina y’uwanditse
ibaruwa
Umukono we
Umwitozo
Andika amabaruwa akurikira:
1. Andikira umuyobozi w’ikigo wizeho umusaba kuguha
indangamanota z’imyaka ibiri ibanziriza uwa nyuma
wahize, kuko ukeneye kuzigereka ku rwandiko rusaba ishuri
ryisumbuye.
2. Andikira umukuru w’ishuri muturanye umusaba akazi ko
gukoramo isuku mu biruhuko.
5.9. Amatangazo
Itangazo rya mbere
Umuryango wa Nyakwigendera Makwandi Diyonizi utuye mu Kagari
ka Gatwaro, Umurenge wa Gitesi Akarere ka Karongi, ubabajwe no
kumenyesha inshuti n’abavandimwe cyanecyane Kamana Siriro uri muri
Uganda, umuryango wa Munyemana Silasi uri mu Miyove, Akarere ka
Gicumbi, uwa Rusagara Rayimondi uri i Rubavu n’umwana we Rwakayiru
Serisi uri mu Bubiligi, ko umusaza Makwandi Diyonizi yitabye Imana
kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki ya 30 Gicurasi 2016 isaa mbiri z’igitondo azize
impanuka. Ababyeyi, inshuti n’abavandimwe basabwe gutabara. Itariki
n’aho umurambo uzashyingurwa barabimenyeshwa mu rindi tangazo.
Umuryango ubaye ubashimiye kuwufata mu mugongo kwanyu.
KIGENZA Mamenero Erike.
Itangazo rya kabiri
Repubulika y’u Rwanda
Minisiteri y’ Uburezi
Minisiteri y’Uburezi iramenyesha ababyeyi bafite abana biga mu mashuri
abanza n’ayisumbuye ko itariki yo gutangira amasomo y’umwaka
w’amashuri wa 2016 ari ku wa Mbere tariki ya 02/02/2016. Abanyeshuri
biga mu mashuri yisumbuye barasabwa kubahiriza ibi bikurikira:
Ku biga mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, iy’Uburasirazuba n’Umujyi wa
Kigali, umunsi wo kugenda ni ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 31/01/2016.
Ku biga mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo ni ku Cyumweru
tariki ya 1/02/2016.
Ikitonderwa:
a) Abanyeshuri bose bateganyirijwe imodoka zizajya zibafata aho
basanzwe bazitegera.
b) Buri munyeshuri asabwe kuza yambaye umwenda we w’ishuri kandi
akitwaza n’ikarita y’ishuri kugira ngo abanyeshuri bazabe ari bo
babanza kujya mu modoka mbere y’abandi bagenzi.
c) Abayobozi b’ibigo barasabwa kwitegura abo banyeshuri ku minsi
bateganyirijwe kubagereraho.
Bikorewe i Kigali, tariki ya 25/01/2016.
Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye
……………………………….
Bimenyeshejwe:
– Abayobozi b’Intara n’Umujyi wa Kigali (bose).– Abayobozi b’Uturere (bose).
Itangazo rya gatatu
RUCIKIBUNGO Natanayeri utuye mu Mudugudu w’Ibuga, Akagari
ka Karugira, mu Murenge wa Kigarama, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi
wa Kigali ararangisha ibyangombwa bye byaburiye muri tagisi
RAB 041X ikora mu muhanda wa Kimironko-Gikondo-Nyenyeri ku
wa Gatanu Kamena 2016 nyuma ya saa sita. Ibyo byangombwa ni
irangamuntu, agatabo k’Ubwishingizi bw’indwara n’agatabo ka banki.
Byari mu ikotomoni y’umukara. Uwabibona yabishyikiriza Rucikibungo
Natanayeri ukorera muri Gare ya Nyabugogo cyangwa agahamagara
kuri nomero 0783030875 cyangwa 0722667834. Ibihembo bishimishije
biramuteganyirijwe.RUCIKIBUNGO Natanayeri
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:
1. Gufata umuntu mu mugongo
2. Gare
b) Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro zigaragaza ko
uyumva:
1. Gufata umuntu mu mugongo
2. Gare
II. Ibibazo ku mwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo mu magambo yanyu bwite:
1. Itangazo rya mbere ryatanzwe na nde? Aramenyesha ba nde?
Arabamenyesha iki?
2. Itangazo rya kabiri ryatanzwe na nde? Rigenewe ba nde?3. Itangazo rya gatatu ritandukaniye he n’irya kabiri?
III. Gusesengura amatangazo
Musubize ibi bibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni izihe ngingo zivugwa mu itangazo rya mbere, irya kabiri
n’irya gatatu?
2. Uhereye ku bivugwa muri ariya matangazo:
a) Itangazo ni iki?
b) Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ariya matangazo?
1. Inshoza y’amatangazo
Amatangazo ni inyandiko ngufi ziba zigamije kugira ubutumwa zitanga
ku bo zandikiwe cyangwa zitangarizwa. Ubu butumwa butandukana
bitewe n’ubwoko bw’itangazo ni ukuvuga impamvu ituma uwandika
aryandika. Ni yo mpamvu amoko y’amatangazo ashingira ku mpamvu
zayo.
2. Amoko y’amatangazo
Hari:
- Amatangazo abika (ajyana no kubwira abandi iby’urupfu
rw’umuntu, kumushyingura n’ibindi bijyana).
- Amatangazo amenyesha
- Amatangazo arangisha
- Amatangazo yamamaza
3. Ibiranga amatangazo
Muri rusange, amatangazo arangwa n’ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira:
- Uwandika itangazo
- Aho atuye cyangwa akorera
- Impamvu ituma atanga itangazo
- Abo yandikira cyangwa amenyesha
- Ubutumwa ashaka kubwira abo yandikira. Niba ari igikorwaavuga aho kizabera, itariki n’isaha kizaberaho.
- Kurangiza ashimira.
Mu matangazo amwe n’amwe uwandika ashobora kurangiza
yizeza igihembo k’uzashyira mu bikorwa ibyo asaba. Mu
matangazo y’inzego z’ubuyobozi, uwandika ashobora gusaba
abantu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yanditse cyangwa akagira abo
asaba kubishyirisha mu bikorwa. Ashobora kandi kugaragaza abo
agenera kopi y’iryo tangazo by’umwihariko muri « bimenyeshejwe
».
- Aho itangazo ryandikiwe n’itariki
- Amazina n’umukono by’uwanditse cyangwa utanze itangazo.
Umwitozo
1. Andika itangazo ribika. Umuntu uzi witabye Imana. Uratabaza bene
wabo ngo baze gutwara umurambo uri mu buruhukiro bw’ibitaro
runaka. Nyakwigendera yazize impanuka y’imodoka ku muhanda
runaka.
2. Himba itangazo urangisha ikintu wataye.
3. Andika itangazo ritumira abantu mu nama yo gutegura isabukuru
y’umubyeyi wawe umaze imyaka mirongo inani avutse. Ubwire
abantu aho izabera, isaha izaberaho n’ingingo bagomba kuziga
by’umwihariko. Ku batahazi wabamenyesha uburyo bazahagera
bifashishije tagisi. Urangize ubashimira umutima mwiza bazitabirana
iyo nama. Univuge wowe ubatumira.5.10. Muyobozi ukeneye abandi
1. Umuyobozi dushima dushimagiza
Ni ukingura amarembo bakamugana
Ni ugira urugwiro ntabe intare
Ni ukorera mu mucyo ntiyimike ubwiru
Ni uwanga amahugu akimika ukuri.
2. Niba uri umukozi w’umwaga
N’abagusuye ukajya ubakanga
Uzasigara umeze nk’inshike
Ubure abakugana ari bo ukorera
Uzatorwa na nde mu bo waheje?
3. Erega muyobozi ukeneye abandi
Uge wirinda kuba ikigwari,
Ukorane umwete ukemure ibibazo
Abaje bakugana ubavune bwanguNtihakagire uwo unigana ijambo.
4. Uzajya wihina iyo mu biro
N’abagusuye ubaheze hanze
Utazi uwavamo n’umuranga!
Kwiba uhetse biragatsindwa
Uzaba ubwiriza uwo mu mugongo.
5. Nimucyo rero dukorere mu mucyo
Imirimo yacu ntituyibwike;
Amakosa abonetse tuyakosore
Abakuru n’abato baturirimbe,
Utugannye wese abone dushaka
Ibyo kumutoza gukora neza.I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura amagambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu
mwandiko:
1. Umwaga 5. Ikigwari
2. Kwiba uhetse 6. Umuranga
3. Kubwiriza uwo mu mugongo 7. Kubwika.
4. Inshike
b) Umwitozo w’inyunguramagambo
Koresha aya magambo mu nteruro ngufi ziboneye:
1. Umwaga
2. Ikigwari
3. Umuranga.
II. Ibibazo ku mwandiko
Hitamo igisubizo kiri cyo muri bitatu byatanzwe:
1. Ingaruka zo kuba umunyamwaga ni:
a) Gukangara abakugana.
b) Kugira abakunzi bameze nkawe.c) Gucikwaho n’abantu ukabaho wenyine.
2. Kugira umwaga ni:
a) Kutishimira iby’abandi bagezeho.
b) Kutihanganira abakurogoya.
c) Kuka inabi abakugana bose kuko ubabonamo abaje kurya
ibyawe batabikoreye.
3. Ntukabe umunyamwaga kuko:
a) Uwo uri we wese ukeneye abandi.
b) Abantu bose bakumenya uko uri.
c) Uba ikigwari.
4. Uyu muvugo uragukangurira:
a) Kwakirana urugwiro abakugana bose ntawuheza.
b) Gukomera ku byawe abantu ntibabirire ubusa.
c) Kutavogerwa n’ubonetse wese.
5. Uyu muvugo urarwanya ingeso mbi zikurikira:
a) Ubugugu, ubunebwe, guha abato urugero rubi n’umujinya.
b) Kwiba, guhishahisha no gukena.
c) Kwihisha abagusuye bagutunguye.
6. Kuba umunyabugugu:
a) Wabiraga abana bawe.
b) Ntiwabiraga abana bawe.
c) Ni ngombwa kuko bica agasuzuguro.
7. Umuti uhabwa umunyamwaga ni:
a) Ukugenderera abandi akareba uburyo yakirwa.
b) Ukuririmbwa n’abato n’abakuru.
c) Ukwibera wenyine kugira ngo atagira uwo abangamira.
8. Umunyamwaga akwiye :
a) Kunengwa kugira ngo yikosore.
b) Gushyigikirwa kuko yikangarira.
c) Kwamaganwa aho ageze hose.
9. Ugusuye:a) Mutoze gukora neza.
b) Mucyahe atazakumenyera.
c) Muhishe ibyo ukora atazagukirana.
10. Niwihisha abakugana:
a) Uzabura uwamamaza ibyo ukora cyangwa n’uwakurangira
umugeni.
b) Ntuzasohora byinshi byo kubakiriza.
c) Ntawuzagutesha umutwe .
11. Abantu bazadushima:
a) Nituba ibigwari.
b) Nidutoza abana bacu ubucakura.
c) Nidukosora amakosa yacu kandi tukanoza ibyo dukora.
12. Uyu mwandiko ni:
a) Ikivugo.
b) Igihozo.
c) Umuvugo.
Umwitozo wo kuvuga:
Soma uyu mwandiko inshuro nyinshi, uwufate mu mutwe, hanyuma
uwuvugire imbere y’abandi wubahiriza injyana yawo kandi ushyiramo
isesekaza.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
Musubize ibi bibazo:
1. Iyo usomye uyu mwandiko wumva uryoheye amatwi ku buryo
ujya kumera nk’indirimbo. Biterwa n’iki? Ubwo buryohe wumva
mu mwandiko babwita iki?
2. Interuro zigize uyu mwandiko ziteye zite ugereranyije n’izo
usanzwe ubona mu yindi myandiko? Zitwa ngo iki?
3. Ibitekerezo bikubiye mu mwandiko, ubona bikubiye mu bika,
kimwe no mu yindi myandiko? Ibyo bice bikubiyemo ibitekerezo
bigize umwandiko byitwa ngo iki?4. Ukurikije uko uyu mwandiko uteye wawita ngo iki?
5.11. Umuvugo
a) Inshoza y’umuvugo
Umuvugo ni igihangano ku nsanganyamatsiko uhimba yihitiramo
cyangwa ahabwa, kigahimbirwa gutanga ubutumwa ariko kandi ku buryo
kinaryohera amatwi y’abacyumva. Ikibanezeza ni ururirimbo ruterwa
n’ibisikana ry’amajwi yo hejuru n’ayo hasi, injyana iterwa n’interuro ngufi
zijya kureshya ndetse n’isubirwamo ry’amajwi asa, ibisikana ry’imigemo
itinda n’ibanguka. Kubera ko aba ashaka gutaka ikivugwa, uhanga
umuvugo yitondera imitoranyirize y’amagambo yabugenewe akoresha
bitewe n’iryo asanga ryakumvikanisha neza igitekerezo ke.
b) Ikivugwa
Iyo uhimba umuvugo, uhitamo insanganyamatsiko bitewe n’ubutumwa
ukeneye kugeza ku bakumva cyangwa basoma ibyo wahanze. Uyishakira
ibitekerezo bifatika bituma abakumva bishimira ibyo ubabwira, ku buryo
batabifata nko kubatesha igihe. Ibyo bitekerezo, ubishakira amagambo
atuma biryoha, ukabanza kubishakira imbata ituma bikurikirana neza
kugira ngo utaza kwisubiramo.
c) Uturango tw’umuvugo
Umuvugo urangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
a) Imikarago: Interuro z’umuvugo ni zo bita imikarago, ziba ngufi
kandi igitekerezo gishobora gufata imirongo myinshi ku buryo ibice
by’interuro byakagombye gukurikirana ku murongo umwe bishobora
kujya ku mirongo itandukanye.
b) Amagambo atoranyijwe neza: Uhanga umuvugo ahitamo
amagambo agusha ku ngingo ku buryo ataza kurambirana.
Iyo arambiye abamwumva ntibita ku byo ababwira, akaba nko
gucurangira abahetsi.
c) Isubirajwi: Isubirajwi rishingira ku ijwi runaka risubirwamo
ikigenderewe ari ukunogera amatwi y’abazumva igihangano
ryakoreshejwemo.
d) Injyana: Umuvugo ugomba guhimbwa ku buryo worohera abawufata
mu mutwe ari byo bita kuwutora. Imitondekere y’imikarago igira
uruhare runini mu kunoza injyana y’umuvugo.
Nujya guhanga umuvugo rero uzihatira kubahiriza izi ngingo tumaze
kuvuga niba ushaka kubarirwa mu mubare w’abahanga mu guhanga
umuvugo kandi urabishoboye.
Umwitozo
Guhanga umuvugo
Hanga umuvugo wumvikanisha urukundo ufitiye umubyeyi wawe
n’impamvu zigutera kumukunda ku buryo bwihariye. Ukore ku
buryo wumvikanisha imbamutima z’umuntu ukunda undi ku buryo
budasanzwe. Nurangiza uwutore maze uwubwire bagenzi baweushyiramo isesekaza.
Mfashe ko:
– Gukorera mu mucyo ari ngombwa ku bantu bose. Bituma
hamenyekana ibyo bakora.
– Tugomba kurwanya ruswa kuko imunga ubukungu bw’Igihugu.
– Kwiha gahunda mu gihe dukorera ku mihigo bituma tuyesa neza.
– Dukwiye gutanga amakuru ku byo dukora kugira ngo abandi
batwigireho cyangwa se batwunganire.
– Umwirondoro w’umuntu utangwa hagaragazwa ukuri
kw’ibimuvuzweho.
– Mu kwandika ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi twitondera ibice biyigize ari
byo: Uwandika n’aho abarizwa, aho ibaruwa yandikiwe n’itariki
yandikiweho, uwandikiwe n’aho abarizwa, impamvu yatumye
ibaruwa yandikwa, amagambo ahamagara uwandikiwe, intangiriro,
igihimba, umusozo, amazina y’uwandika n’umukono we.
– Umuvugo mwiza urangwa n’ibi bikurikira: imikarago migufi
amagambo meza atoranyijwe, amajwi yisubiramo cyangwaamagambo agaruka n’injyana nziza iryoheye amatwi.
5.12. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatanu
Soma witonze uyu mwandiko maze usubize ibibazo
byawubajijweho.
Inkuru y’umucuzi n’umurobyi
Nkunze kuganira na sogokuru akambwira udukuru dushimishije agamije
kuntoza gutekereza no kwisobanurira ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Nimusoma
iyi nkuru mwitonze muratahura icyo yashakaga kunyumvisha.
Agira ati: “Umucuzi w’ibyuma yari afite ibikoresho bitatu by’ingenzi:
umuvuba, inyundo n’ibuye yarambikagaho ibyuma bishyushye byatukuye
akabikubitisha inyundo nini iremereye agakuramo amashoka, imihoro,
ibyuma, ibigembe by’amacumu, impindu, amapiki, amasuka, amayugi,
amayombo n’ibindi.
Uyu umucuzi bamuzaniye amasuka abiri y’amafuni bamusaba
kubacuriramo amapiki abiri. Bamusigira umwana w’ihene nk’igihembo.
Bagitirimuka aho, undi mugabo aramwegera ati: “Uzababwire ko
havuyemo ipiki imwe, maze indi uzayimpe nange nguhe umwana w’ihene;
uzaba ugize ihene ebyiri dore usanzwe uri inshuti yange.”
Umucuzi aramusubiza ati: “Ngewe Ntamuhanga ku myaka yange
sinkunda ibyinshi byotsa amatama, kandi nzi ko inda nini yishe ukuze.”
Yasohoje amasezerano yagiranye n’uwamuzaniye amafuni. Nyiri ipiki
abonye zicuze neza, dore ko yari atuye ahantu h’uruharabuge, acurisha
andi mapiki icumi, amugororera ikimasa k’ibihogo bahinduka inshuti.
Reka rero angerere no ku by’umugabo warobaga amafi yarangiza
akayagurisha. Umunsi umwe amaze kuroba ifi yayigurishije Sehirwa,
amusaba kuyimubagira, anasiga amwishyuye amafaranga ibihumbi
bitatu. Basezerana ko agaruka kuyitwara nyuma y’amasaha abiri
akayitekera abashyitsi be. Akiva aho hakuzira umugabo w’umukire na
we washakaga ifi. Umurobyi amubwira ko agiye kuyimurobera. Undi
ati: “Mpa iriya nguhe ibihumbi bitanu, uraroba indi ube ari yo uha uwo
wari uyibikiye”. Reka wa murobyi azabyemere atange ya fi!
Nyamugabo yaribwiraga ati: “Ndaroba indi fi nyimubagire ntarabukwa.”
Ubwo hari abagabo batanu babibonye. Yararobye habe ngo abone
n’imwe dore ko bwari bumaze no gucya. Nyiri ifi agarutse ati: “Mpa ifi
yange nge gutekera abashyitsi, dore burakeye badasanga bitarashya.”
Umurobyi habe ngo n’iyo mu nda izajorore! Undi abibonye yiyemeza
gushyikiriza ikirego umuyobozi w’uwo musozi. Nyamugabo abimenye
aca ruhinga nyuma ajya kureba umuyobozi aramubwira ati: “Rwose
muyobozi, reba uko wandengera nzajya nkuzanira ifi ya buri cyumweru.
Uvuge ko ndi inyangamugayo, nange ndashaka abagabo b’indarikwa
banshinjura.”
Umuyobozi yaramushwishurije aramubwira ati: “Ahubwo itegure
duhurire n’abandi ku karubanda saa kumi zuzuye.” Abaturage bamaze
guterana, umuyobozi aha ijambo urega atanga n’abagabo batatu
babonye bagura ifi nini. Mu kwiregura, umurobyi icyuya cyaramurenze,
atangira kuvuga adidimanga. Abo yari yemereye kugurira inzoga
bakamushinjura baramwigurutsa, umugore we azunguza umutwe
arimyoza. Yaratsinzwe bamuca indishyi z’akababaro. Abuze ubwishyu,
bagurisha ubwato yakoreshaga mu burobyi ndetse bamuha akato.
Sogokuru arambaza ati: “ Niba wumva, wumvise iki?”
I. Inyunguramagambo
a) Sobanura aya magambo ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe
mu nteruro kandi uyakoreshe mu nteruro zawe bwite.
1. Ikigembe 5. Ku karubanda
2. Uruhindu 6. Kudidimanga
3. Amayombo 7. Guha umuntu akato.
4. Ibyinshi byotsa amatama
b) Tahura mu mwandiko amagambo asubiza ibibazo
bikurikira. Fora ndi nde cyangwa ndi iki?
1) Ndi umugabo ukuze cyane kandi nkunda kuganira n’abana
mbatoza kumenya ubwenge no kwanga umugayo. Ubwo ndinde kuri bo? Bo ni iki kuri ge?
2) Mfite amazuru asohora umwuka utwika ibyuma bikorohera
ubicura. Ubwo ndi iki?
3) Ibiti mbirya ntabibabarira iyo ngeze mu ishyamba
ndaryararika. Ubwo ndi iki?
4) Iyo intore zitanyambaye ntizihamiriza kandi iyo zinkandagiye
nzitema ibirenge. Ubwo ndi iki?
5) Abahigi banyambika imbwa mu ijosi turi mu muhigo
zanzunguza inyamaswa zikavumbuka. Ubwo ndi iki?
6) Aho mba aha turazirana, nzarya duke ndyame kare. Ubwo
nzirana n’iki?
7) Ushatse guhinga mu mabuye aranyitabaza kuko aho
kungimbisha nyasatura nkaterera hejuru itaka. Ubwo ndi iki?
8) Ntunzwe no kujugunya urushundura mu mazi nkazamura
ibinyamaga. Ubwo ndi nde?
9) Nzabihamya kuko nabihagazeho. Ubwo ndi nde?
10) Banyibuka iyo umunyacyaha atsinzwe agomba kwishyura.
Ubwo ndi iki?
11) Si mu mazi, si imusozi. Mpibera ngenyine kubera amafuti
yange. Aho ni he?
II. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko
1. Ni ba nde bavugwa muri iyi nkuru?
2. Ubunyangamugayo bw’umucuzi bwamumariye iki?
3. Amaherezo y’umurobyi yaje kuba ayahe?
4. Ruswa ni iki?
5. Ni iyihe ruswa umurobyi yashakaga gutanga?
6. Abatanga ruswa bayiha nde?
7. Igihembo gitaniye he na ruswa?
8. Urakeka ko ari iki cyatumye icyuya kirenga umurobyi
wireguraga
9. Muri uyu mwandiko, urugero duhabwa ni uruhe mu rwego rwo
kurwanya ruswa?
10. Ni akahe kamaro k’umuvuba mu buzima bw’umucuzi?
11. Ese igihano umurobyi yahawe urabona kimukwiye? Sobanura
igisubizo cyawe mu mirongo itarenze itanu.
III. Gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi ziri muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Kuki buri muturarwanda akangurirwa kurwanya ruswa?
3. Ni izihe ngamba zishoboka zafatwa mu kurwanya ruswa?
4. Ni izihe mpamvu zitera abantu gutanga cyangwa kwakira ruswa?
IV. Ibaruwa n’umwirondoro
1. Ibaruwa y’ubuyobozi itaniye he n’ibaruwa ya gicuti?
2. Vuga ibice by’ingenzi bigaragara mu mwirondoro.
V. Guhanga
1. Himba umuvugo wo kurwanya ruswa.2. Andika itangazo ryo kurangisha igikapu cyawe cyatakaye.