IGICE CYA I: INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE
1.1. Intangiriro
Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije ni ryo shingiro ry’ibyigwa bigenewe abana biga mu mashuri y’inshuke bafite kuva ku myaka 3 kugeza ku myaka 6. Ibikorwa bikubiye mu nyigisho zigize ikigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije bifasha umwana wiga mu ishuri ry’inshuke: • Kwitegereza bimufasha kubona ibisubizo by’ibibazo yibaza ari nako agenda ashira amatsiko aterwa n’ibintu binyuranye abona aho atuye, bityo agasonukirwa n’isi atuyeho. Ibi bituma akurana imyitwarire ikwiye irinda ubuzima bwe n’ubw’abandi, agira uruhare mu kwita no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
• Kugaragaza ko yiyizi nk’umuntu mu muryango kandi agasobanukirwa ko abo babana mu muryango hari ibyo bahuriraho n’ibyo batandukaniraho. Yitoza kugirira isuku umubiri we no kugira uruhare mu kurya indyo yuzuye.
• Kugaragaza ko asobanukiwe n’ibimera, ibisimba, ibidukikije kamere ndetse n’ibyakozwe n’abantu biranga aho atuye, agira uruhare mu kubibungabunga kandi ashimira Imana ku byo yaremye.
1.2. Impamvu z’iki gitabo Igitabo cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije cy’umwarimu mu mashuri y’inshuke kizafasha umurezi kimwereka uburyo bwo kuyobora abana bo muri iki kiciro cy’uburezi ku bijyanye n’imyigire n’imyigishirize y’ikigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije. Iki gitabo kizafasha mu gukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe abarezi bahuraga na byo mu myigishirize y’iki kigwa. Bazasangamo ingero z’uburyo buboneye bwo kwigisha abana bo mu mashuri y’inshuke binyuze mu kwitegereza, mu mikino, indirimbo n’imivugo. Iki gitabo kigaragaza ingero z’imfashanyigisho zishobora kwifashishwa mu kwigisha amasomo atandukanye y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije ndetse n’ibikorwa binyuranye byakorwa n’abana ubwabo cyangwa bayobowe n’umurezi. Iki gitabo cyongerera umurezi ubushobozi bwo guhuza ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije n’ibindi byigwa kuko mu mashuri y’inshuke, ikigwa (Learning area) kitigishwa ukwacyo nko mu bindi byiciro by’uburezi.
1.3. Imiterere y’iki gitabo Iki gitabo cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije cy’umwarimu cyubakiye ku nyigisho cumi n’eshanu, nk’uko zigaragara mu nteganyanyigisho y’uburezi bw’inshuke. Buri nyigisho itangirwa n’imbonerahamwe igaragaza imitwe yose n’amasomo ayigishwamo kuva mu mwaka wa mbere kugera mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri y’inshuke.
Buri mutwe ugizwe n’ingingo zikurikira:
• Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
• Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
• Inama ku myigishirize ya buri somo
• Izindi nama zirebana n’umutwe
• Ingero z’ibikorwa bihuza umutwe n’ibindi byigwa
• Isuzumabushobozi risoza umutwe
1.4. Uburyo bw’imyigire n’imyigishirize bukoreshwa mu kwigisha isomo ry’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije mu mashuri y’inshuke
Imyigire n’imyigishirize y’amasomo yo mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije ishingiye ku bikorwa biha uruhare umwana mu myigire ye. Mu kwigisha ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije ni ngombwa kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe herekanwa akamaro isomo rifitiye abana.
Mu kwigisha amasomo y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije, umurezi agirwa inama yo gukoresha ingendoshuri, udukino, indirimbo n’imivugo byibanda mu ugushyira abana mu matsinda mato. Afasha buri mwana gukuza ubushobozi bwo kwivumburira, akina yitegereza akorakora, yihumuriza, abaza kandi yungurana ibitekerezo n’abandi.
Uko ikigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije gihuzwa n’ibindi byigwa
Insanganyamatsiko zikoreshwa mu kwigisha ibindi byigwa, zakuwe mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni urugero rugaragaza ibikorwa byakorwa mu bindi byigwa bashingiye ku kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’ Ibidukikije baramutse bageze ku mutwe w’ibice by’ikimera: imbuto
Umwana akora ibikorwa bitandukanye bimufasha gukoresha ibyumviro binyuranye by’umubiri akurikije insanganyamatsiko y’uwo munsi. Umurezi ategura imfashanyigisho zifatika kandi zinyuranye kugira ngo yorohereze umwana kwiga binyuze mu byumviro binyuranye by’umubiri.Umurezi azirikana kandi guha agaciro uburezi budaheza no kwita ku bana bafite ibibazo byihariye
1.5. Ibyo umurezi, umwana n’umubyeyi basabwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije.
Uburezi bw’umwana busaba ubufatanye bw’umwana we ubwe, umubyeyi ndetse n’umurezi.
1.5.1 Ibyo umurezi asabwa gukora igihe yigisha Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije.
Kugira ngo imyigire n’imyigishirize igende neza, umurezi w’inshuke asabwa ibi bikurikira:
• Umurezi agomba gushyikirana n’ababyeyi bikamufasha kumenya amakuru y’umwana,
• Gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’umwana yifashishije ikusanyanyandiko;
• Gutanga ibikorwa bituma abanyeshuri bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo bakoresheje ibyumviro binyuranye;
• Gutegura imfashanyigisho zijyanye n’isomo agiye kwigisha kandi zitarangaza abanyeshuri ariko ashobora no gufatanya na bo kuzikora cyangwa akazibatuma;
• Gutegura ibikorwa n’imyitozo aha abana ashingiye ku buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi no ku bintu basanzwe babona;
• Kwita ku bana bose anakangurira buri wese kugira uruhare mu byo akora;
• Guha umwana umwanya uhagije wo kugaragariza bagenzi be ibyo ashoboye no kubabwira ubushakashatsi yakoze;
• Gutanga imyitozo yibanda ku bintu umwana ahura na byo mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi kandi ikaba imusaba gutekereza ku rwego rwe;
• Guhitamo aho amasomo atangirwa haba hanze cyangwa mu ishuri yibanda ku gushyira abana mu matsinda ndetse no mu nguni zo mu ishuri yateguye akurikije insanganyamatsiko;
• Kwigisha abana uhereye ku byo bazi mbere yo kugera ku isomo rishya kugira ngo bibafashe kwivumburira isomo ry’umunsi;
• Kwinjiza ingingo nsanganyamasomo mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije, akoresheje imikino, indirimbo, inkuru n’ibikorwa bitandukanye;
• Guha abana imyitozo ihagije ituma bazamura ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo kuko butagombera ikigwa runaka;
• Kwigisha amasomo y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije ayahuza n’ibindi byigwa
• Guhora yihugura uko ashoboye mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’imikurire n’imihindagurikire y’umwana , n’uko imyigishirize yo mu mashuri y’ishuke imusaba kubihuza n’ubushobozi bwite bwa buri umwana ku giti ke..
1.5.2 Ibyo umwana asabwa mu gihe yiga Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije
Kugira ngo imyigire n’imyigishirize igende neza, umwana wo mu ishuri ry’inshuke asabwa ibi bikurikira:
• Kumenya gukorana n’abandi, kwihangana no kwemeranya ku gisubizo kiri cyo;
• Gukora ibikorwa bye bwite cyangwa gufatanya na bagenzi be;
• Kwifashisha imfashanyigisho agakora umukoro ahawe n’umurezi no kwihangira ibye;
• Kubaha bagenzi be no kugira ikinyabupfura mu ishuri n’ahandi hose; • Gufata no gukoresha neza ibikoresho bye n’iby’abandi.
• Kumenya kwitegereza, gukorakora no gushyira ibintu mu buryo hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabo;
• Kwiga bakina.
1.5.3 Uruhare rw’umubyeyi mu myigire n’imyigishirize y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije
Umwana wiga muri iki kiciro cy’amashuri y’inshuke aba akiri muto ku buryo ababyeyi basabwa kumuba hafi cyane mu buzima bushya bw’ishuri aba atangiye. Ababyeyi basabwa ibi bikurikira:
• Guha umwana ibikoresho byose nk’uko byagenwe n’ishuri yigaho;
• Kubaza umwana ibyo yakoze ku ishuri buri munsi. Ibi bikorwa hagendewe ku kigero cy’umwana;
• Guha umwana umwanya wo gukora imikoro yo mu rugo no gukina yigana ibyo bize;
• Kuyobora umwana igihe akora imikoro yo mu rugo;
• Gushimira umwana ku byo akora no kumutera umwete;
• Gusura kenshi umwana ku ishuri no kuvugana kenshi n’umurezi ku myigire y’umwana;
• Kugira imigirire yubaha ibikorwa bijyanye n’ibidukikije mu rugo; n’ ibindi.
• Gutega amatwi igihe umwana abara inkuru y’ibyakozwe ku ishuri.
• Kumva neza ibibazo umwana abaza igihe aganira ku birebana n’Ubumenyi b’Ibidukikije no kumuha ibisubizo biri byo, bisobanutse, byoroshye kandi biri ku kigero agezemo.
1.6. Kwita ku burezi bw’abana bafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire yabo
Umurezi azakoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gufasha abana bafite imbogamizi mu myigire yabo hitabwa ku bibazo bafite kugira ngo na bo bakurikire amasomo nk’abandi. Bimwe mu byo umurezi azakora ni ibi bikurikira:
• Kubategurira imyitozo iri ku rwego rwabo, ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho byihariye mu gihe biga no mu gihe bakora isuzuma;
• Gukurikirana ko na bo bagira uruhare mu myigire kimwe n’abandi bana;
• Gukurikirana ko bakina kimwe n’abandi bana hitawe ku mwihariko wa buri mwana;
• Kubakorera ubuvugizi igihe bikenewe hagamijwe kubabonera ubufasha bwihariye.
1.7. Isuzumabushobozi mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije
• Isuzumabushobozi rigomba gushingira ku bushobozi umwana agenda yubaka mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi bugaragara mu gihe ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije.
• Isuzumabushobozi ryo kunoza imyigire n’imyigishirize rigamije gusuzuma ko abana bari kwiga uko bikwiye Ubumenyi bw’Ibidukikije, rikorwa mu gihe k’isomo. Umurezi akoresha uburyo buziguye n’ubutaziguye yifashishije ibibazo n’imyitozo itanzwe mu buryo bwo mu mikino n’indirimbo.
• Nubwo hateganyijwe isuzuma risoza umutwe, umurezi agomba guhora yibuka ko nta mwanya wihariye wagenewe isuzuma mu myigishirize yo mu mashuri y’ishyuke ; bityo akamenya kwitegereza, kumva no kwita kuri buri gikorwa cy’umwana kigaragaje ubushobozi agezeho mu kigwa cy’Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije. Ubushobozi bw’umwana bugaragarira :
- Mu bikorwa n’imyitwarire ye igihe akina,
- Igihe atanga ibitekerezo bye, - Igihe abaza ibibazo cyangwa asubiza avuga.
- Igihe asubiza yandika cyangwa ashushanya ku rwego rwe.
• Ahereye ku ngingo ngenderwaho mu gusuzuma urwego rw’ubushobozi (ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha) kandi akoresheje uburyo bumworoheye, umurezi agenda abika buhoro buhoro kandi ku gihe amakuru ajyanye n’ubushobozi bwa buri munyeshuri , ashobora kwifashisha ifishi y’iterambere ry’umwana. Ibi bigakorwa umunsi ku wundi.
• Gutegura imyitozo ihanitse yo guha abana bagaragaje ubushobozi by’ibyo biga mu buryobwihuse,
• Gutegura uburyo bwo kuzamurira ubushobozi abo bifata umwanya ngo bagaragaze ubushobozi.
• Mu isuzumabushobozi, ikigero cy’ubushobozi bw’umwana nticyandikwa mu mibare, mu ijanisha cyangwa se mu bundi buryo bwose bugereranya abana. Ahubwo hakoreshwa amagambo agaragaza ibyo umwana ashoboye.
1.8. Ibitabo byifashishijwe mu itegurwa ry’amasomo
Ibitabo byifashishijwe mu gutegura amasomo atandukanye bigaragara mu mpera z’iki gitabo.
1.9. Imbonerahamwe y’ibyigwa
