Physical Education and Sports

4.2. Prerequisite knowledge and skills

Learners of senior three will learn better volleyball if they can use different defensive

and offensive volleyball techniques in various game situations, apply basic rule, state

and explain different offensive and defensive techniques and strategies.

4.3. Cross- cutting issues to be addressed

Gender education

In teaching and learning process, the teacher must prepare and provide physical

activities that engage both girls and boys to exploit their full potential and talents

without any discrimination or prejudice.

Inclusive education

The teacher as a facilitator, he/she must consider different special education needs and

select activities to adapt his teaching approaches to learners. This creates a positive

attitude and helps all learners to participate actively and develop their competence

levels.

Financial education

The teacher should integrate Financial Education into his teaching/learning activity by

providing the local and no cost teaching material where possible. He must encourage

learners to make their own materials that can help them to develop competences not

only in sport but also in their life.

Standardization culture

The teacher must choose and select the standardized materials to use in his teaching/

learning process .It is necessary to provide appropriate materials required to the levels

of learners and help them to develop culture of checking the quality of sport materials

before their use to prevent injuries and other accident.

Environment and sustainability

The teacher should provide materials and deliver the lesson with encouraging learners

to protect the environment and well use of materials.

Peace and values education

Help learners to develop fair play and avoid violence and conflict in the game by setting

clear and relevant instructions. Provide the activities that help learners to develop

their competence peacefully. The teacher helps them to develop fair play and avoiding

violence in the game.

Comprehensive sexuality education

Provide physical activities and set instructions that prevent sexual harassment, any kind

of gender based violence like sexual abuse and “bad touches.”

4.4. List of lessons and assessment

Lesson 1: Volleyball techniques and tactics in attack

a. Prerequisites

Learners of senior three will learn better volleyball techniques and tactics in attack if

they can play volley ball.

b. Teaching resources

Playground, balls, whistle, cones, equipment, chasuble (pinny), net, rope and trees.

c. Introduction

Opening discussions

 Ask questions related to volleyball techniques and tactics in attack and their importance.

Warm-up activities

Let learners to make two rows and perform exercises of activating the body by jogging

around the ground with maintaining a medium speed. Warming up specifically with

balls in groups. Ask one of learners to lead systematic stretching exercises.

d. Lesson development

This lesson comprises techniques and tactics of attack in volleyball.

For each technique and tactic:

• Show learners how to execute the basic skills;

• Let learners to practice based on instructions, materials and provide necessary

support;

• Control how learners perform attack with techniques.

Techniques of attack in position 4

• Attacking with precise of line attack according to the long pass ;

• Attacking with correct diagonal attack according to the long pass;

• Attacking with precise end line attack according to the long pass.

Techniques of attack in position 3

• Attacking with precise of line attack according to the short pass;

• Attacking with correct diagonal attack according to the short pass ;

• Attacking with precise of end line attack according to the short pass.

Techniques of attack in position 2

• Attacking with precise of line attack according to the medium pass

• Attacking with correct diagonal attack according to the medium pass

• Attacking with precise of end line attack according to the medium pass 

Techniques of passing the ball

1. Overhead pass

• Positioning legs on court according the teammate positions;

• Positioning hands and shoulders according to the height of the ball;

• Passing the ball according to the desired direction and distance ;

• Following through and holding position according to the target .

2. Forearm pass

• Positioning legs according to the ball trajectory and desired direction ;

• Positioning arms and shoulders according to the ball trajectory and desired

direction;

• Passing the ball according to the blocking and attacking side ;

• Following through the ball according to the target.

3. Set pass

• Positioning the body on court according to the net set up;

• Orientating the ball according to the attacker position ;

• Contacting the ball according volley ball rules and regulations .

Tactics of receiving the ball

1. Receiving the ball with forearm right side

• Receiving the ball with forearm right side according to the attack situation;

• Receiving the ball systematically with forearm right side according to the service;

• Receiving the ball correctly with right forearm according to the ball orientation .

2. Receiving the ball with forearm left side

• Receiving the ball with forearm left side according to the attack situation ;

• Receiving the ball systematically with forearm left side according to the service;

• Receiving the ball correctly with left forearm according to the ball orientation .

3. Receiving the ball with forearm front forward

• Receiving the ball with forearm front side according to the attack situation;

• Receiving the ball with systematically with forearm front side according to the

service;

• Receiving the ball correctly with front forearm according to the ball orientation. 

Techniques of simple underhand service

• Positioning feet together;

• Step the left foot forward to begin;

• Shift body weight from front leg to back leg;

• Hold ball in left hand, out in front of striking hand;

• Bend slightly at the elbow and waist;

• Hold striking hand in a fist position forearm turned upward or to the side;

• Bring the striking hand back and then quickly forward to serve the ball;

• Follow through but the striking arm does not cross in front of body.

Technique of simple floater serve

• Positioning the body for ball set up according the requirements of the floater

serve techniques;

• Tossing and contacting the ball with the serving arm according to the height limit

of the floater serve;

• Orientating the ball according to the opponent’s side and defense’s formation.

Technique of simple overhead topspin serve

• Tossing the ball in the air according to the height of the server;

• Jumping movement according to the serving zone limits;

• Contacting the ball with the serving arm according to the timing of the server; 

• Orientating the ball according to the opponent’s side and defense’s formation.

Volleyball tactics

1. Digging tactics

• Moving according to the court and playing position;

• Organizing the defensive patterns according to the ball trajectory;

• Taking a ready posture in anticipation according to the physical condition of

player. 

2. Blocking tactics

• Blocking carefully according to the pass and attacker techniques;

• Blocking with preservation of net according to the fitness of the blocker ;

• Blocking according to the prescribed defense system with back line players

3. Setting tactics

• Passing with precision according to the strategic demands.

• Passing carefully to deliver the pass according to the qualities of attacker.

• Passing to the convenient attacker according to the blocking side and points .

4. Receiving tactics

• Moving and taking position according to the opponent server’s position.

• Taking position according to the teammates placement.

• Receiving and directing the ball to the setter according to his/her position on

court .

5. Serving tactics

• Serving strategically according to the weakness of opponent player’s position.

• Positioning the forward players according to the opponent receiving strategy .

• Executing service according to the setter position .

6. Spiking tactics

• Moving according to the type of setting .

• Contacting the ball according to its height .

• Orienting the ball according to the opponent defending system and strategy. 

When a team regains the serve, all the players move one position clockwise. This means

that all players have to play both in front court and in the back court.

Cool-down activities

Let learners to march on the ground relaxing, arms and legs with moving in different

direction together and raise hands according to teacher’s signals.

e. Assessment

Final discussion

Reflect:

What do you do to play a fair game?

Connect

What are other conditions that need techniques and tactics?

Apply

How will you use learnt techniques and tactics in your life to serve the society.

Lesson2: Volleyball techniques and tactics in defense with rules

a. Prerequisites

Learners of senior three will learn better this lesson if they can play volley ball.

b. Teaching resources

Playground, balls, whistle, cones, equipment, chasuble, net, rope and trees.

c. Introduction

Opening discussions

 Ask questions related to volleyball techniques and tactics in defense.

Warm-up activities

Let learners make two rows and perform exercises of activating the body by jogging

around the ground with maintaining a medium speed. Warm up specifically with balls in

groups. Ask one of them to lead systematic stretching exercises.

d. Lesson development

This lesson comprises techniques and tactics of defense in volleyball and rules.

For each technique and tactic

• Show learners how to execute the basic skills.

• Let learners to practice based on instructions, materials and provide necessary

support.

• Let learners discuss on rules and you provide correct explanations.

• Control how learners perform volleyball defense with techniques.

Volleyball defensive position

1. Middle hitter defense

• Develop an oriented movement according to the opponent pass .

• Making arms and legs position on the court according to the height and ball

trajectory .

2. Right side hitter defense

• Move to the right side of the court for the front players.

• Place the right side defender according to the ball trajectory.

• Place the back player to cover the rest of the court according to the ball direction. 

3. Left hitter defense

• Deciding moves and gestures of the left side players according to the ball height

and direction .

• Placing left hitter defender according to the point contact of the ball.

• Placing the back players according to  the ball trajectory. 

Volleyball blocking techniques

• Handling the ball according to the height of the setting.

• Moving feet according to the attack zone and movements.

• Taking position of the feet and body balance according to the position of the

attacker.

• Timing the attack and react according to the movement of the attacker.

• Taking the blocking Taking the blocking position according to the timin.

• Jumping and arm/hand positioning adequately according to the attack height.

• Opening hands and spread fingers according to the attacker’s power .

• Orienting the ball according to the direction of the attack.

• Landing on both feet carefully according to the core body balance 

Volley ball rules

• Describe volleyball court;

• Describe net and posts;

• Describe the ball;

• Identify participants;

• Describe points, set and match winner;

• Describe preparation of the match and structure of play;

• Describe playing action;

• Identify game interruptions, delay and intervals;

• Describe libero player;

• Identify participants’ conducts;

• Identify referees, their responsibilities’ and officials signals.

4.5. Additional information for teachers

Describe volleyball rules and leadership skills as team captain.

Volleyball court

1. Volleyball court

The field must be rectangular and symmetrical. The court length is 18m and 9m wide

and be surrounded by a free area of at least 3 m wide on all sides. Lines are 5cm wide

and must be light in color different from the court.

In each camp there is a line of attack, the outer edge is drawn in 3 meters from the axis

of the center line and which marks the front area (players cannot take back pulse in the

that front area to attack once they are in back area .

The height of the net is 2.43m high for men, 2.24m high for women and 2.13 m or lower

for children aged 12 years or younger for high young player

2. The ball

It is spherical, flexible, light-colored synthetic leather cover. Smaller and lighter than

a basketball, the volleyball is 63.5 to 68.6 cm in circumference and weighs 255 to 283,

internal pressure: 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm3.

3. Team and how to play

• A six-person volleyball team includes three front-row players, who stand near the

net (4-3-2) from left to right position and three back-row players (5-6-1) from left

to right position.

• When a team gains possession of the serve, its players rotate their positions,

moving clockwise. For example, the player who was in the right-front position

moves into the right-back, or serving, position.

• The server starting the game stands anywhere behind the end line. Only one

attempt is allowed on the serve.

• By hitting the ball back and forth over the net, with the hands, forearms, head, or any part of the body, play is continued until one team fails to keep the ball in play

(in the air) or until a rule violation is committed.

• The ball must be returned by a team over the net after no more than three hits,

and no player may hit the ball twice in succession.

• The return over the net must be done without catching, holding, or carrying the

ball, without a player touching the net, and without entering the opponents’

area.

• A player keeps serving as long as his or her team continues to win points. The

serve must rotate to a new player each time a team wins back the service.

4. Scoring system.

Officially, a volleyball match is won by the team that wins the best of five sets or (3

wined sets). All sets are rally scored. In the rally score system, a point is awarded on

each service or side out. This means that a receiving team’s error or penalty results in a

point. Likewise, a serving team’s error or penalty results in a point and the ball for the

receiving team to serve. It isn’t necessary for the winning team to be serving when the

winning point is scored.

A set is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points.

In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two point lead is achieved.

The deciding set of any match (3rd or 5th game) is played to 15 points. The winner is

the first team to achieve 15 points with a minimum lead of two points. Play is continued

until a two point lead is achieved.

A default game results if a team cannot field six players or fails to begin play after the

referee request. Default games are scored either 25-0 or 15-0 depending on the set

being played. In a set to 25 points, if a default is due to injury, the losing team keeps its

points and the winning team is credited with at least 25 points or up to 27 if necessary

to provide a two point victory.

5. Officials

In competitive volleyball include a referee, scorer, umpire, and line judges.

1st Referee

The first Referee is in full control of the match including settling all questions of rules

and those things not covered by rules. The first Referee has the right to overrule all

other officials. The first Referee also has the power to impose sanctions on players. The

first Referee is positioned at one end of the net; with her/his head above the net. After

blowing a whistle to stop play, the first Referee uses hand signals to indicate who won

the point, the fault committed, or replay.

2nd Referee

The second Referee is concerned with such matters as service order of each team,

keeping time, assisting in making calls, supervision of substitutions, signaling the end

of play, and replacing the first Referee, if necessary. The second Referee is positioned

on the floor at the opposite end of the net from the first referee

Scorekeeper:

The scorekeeper sits on the side of the court opposite the 1st Referee and records

all scores, makes sure the serving order and rotation are correct, keeps track of

substitutions and time outs, and keeps track of protests. The scorekeeper also indicates

when a team has scored an 8th point in a deciding game so that sides can be switched.

6. Rights and Responsibilities of the Participants

Only the playing captain or coach may ask for a time-out or substitution and only when

the ball is not in play. Only the playing captain may speak to the referees. And the

team captain is responsible for the conduct and discipline of his team. It is the only one

allowed to speak to the referees when the ball is offside for an explanation.

7. Players Equipment

Uniforms must be similar; each player wears a jersey, shorts and socks of the same

color. The Libero, if used, will wear uniform of contrasting color.

8. Misconduct

Individual sanctions may be assessed against a player or coach for a variety of

unsportsman like actions during or between games including: shouting at an opponent;

addressing officials about their decisions; trying to distract an opponent; or coaching in

a disruptive manner.

a. Yellow or Warning Card

This is given for minor unsporting offenses. A second yellow card to an individual will

result in an automatic red card. It goes together with 1 point for other team.

b. Red or Penalty Card

This is given for serious offenses. If a team is serving and receives a red card, they will

lose the serve. If the team receiving serve get a red card, their opponent will receive a

point.

c. Expulsion

This is given for extremely offensive behavior. The player is out for the rest of the game.

 No additional penalty is given.

d. Disqualification:

This is called when a player receives a second expulsion during a match or when physical

aggression is shown toward an official, another player, or a spectator. The player is

ordered from the playing area for the balance of the match. No other penalty is given.

4.6 . End unit assessment

Organize volleyball matches competition between teams and assess learners’ abilities

to apply volleyball techniques and tactics such as: service, dig, pass, spike, set, and

block. Let them refereeing the match and observe the respect of volleyball rules and

the leadership skills of the team captain.

4.7. Additional activities

• Reduce rules for slow learners and allow them to play the ball regularly.

• Organize competitions between small groups and choose their own

referees and assistant referees

• Competition between classes and forming school teams and participate

in interschool competitions and refereeing matches