Physical Education and Sports

3.1. Key unit competence

After this unit, learners will be able to refine defensive and offensive strategies and

techniques used in football and adhere to rules of the game.

3.2. Prerequisite knowledge and skills

Learners of senior three will learn better football if they can apply various defensive

and offensive strategies and techniques during a football game, express the role of

playing as a team member and apply rules of the game.

3.3. Cross- cutting issues to be addressed

Gender education

In teaching and learning process, prepare and provide physical activities that engage

both girls and boys equally to exploit their full potential and talents without any

discrimination or prejudice.

Inclusive education

Consider different special education needs and select activities to adapt teaching

approaches to learners. This creates a positive attitude and helps all learners to

participate actively and develop their competence levels.

Financial education

 Provide local and no cost teaching material where possible. Encourage learners to make

their own materials that can help them to develop competences not only in sports but

also in their life.

Standardization culture

Choose standardized materials to be used in teaching/learning process. It is necessary

to provide appropriate materials required to the levels of learners and help them to

develop culture of checking quality of sport materials before their use to prevent

injuries and other accident.

Environment and sustainability

Encourage learners to protect the environment and well use of materials. Help them to

develop fair play and avoid violence in their games

Peace and values education

Help learners to avoid conflicts in their games by setting clear and relevant instructions

Provide activities that help learners to develop their competence peacefully

Comprehensive sexuality education

Provide physical activities by setting instructions that prevent sexual harassment and

any kind of gender based violence like sexual abuse and “bad touches”

3.4.List of lessons and assessment

Lesson 1: Playing football adhering to rules

a. Prerequisites

Learners of senior three will learn better playing football if they can interpret rules of

the game.

b. Teaching resources

Playground, balls, whistle, cones, equipment, chasubles, goalposts.

c. Introduction

Opening discussions

The teacher asks questions related to football game and its rules explain their

importance to the body and to society.

Warm-up activities

Tell learners to make four lines and perform exercises of activating the body by jogging

around the ground with maintaining a medium speed.

Warming up with a ball in groups. Ask one of them to lead stretching exercises.

d. Lesson development

This lesson of playing football adhering to rules comprises the reminding to rules and

football techniques in a game situation

For each technique:

• Show learners how to execute the basic skills

• Let learners to practice based on instructions, materials and provide necessary

support.

• Control how learners perform the playing techniques adhering to rules.

Reminding football rules

• Explain rules of football that can be followed during a game situation by describing

different sizes of the ball based on age of players.

• Describe the measurement of the playing field and the number of players

• Discuss the duration of the match and the number of football game officials.

• Describe the fouls and infractions that can be committed in the game and their

relative punishments or sanctions.

• Discuss on how the goal is scoring.

The game situation

Let learners play football with the adherence to rules. The teacher facilitates the game

by sharing responsibilities where two teams are playing while outfield teams judge the

progress by identifying different fouls and their penalties during the game (offside,

penalty, simulation, free kick, referees positions, assistant referees movements, how to

conduct or rise the flag). The teams exchange responsibilities accordingly.

Cool-down activities

Tell learners to march on the ground, relaxing arms and legs with moving in different

direction together and raise hands twice according to teacher’s signals.

 E. Assessment

Final discussion

Reflect

What did you do to win the match exercises?

Connect

What are other conditions that engage you to respect rules or instructions?

Apply

How will you use rules in your daily life?

Lesson 2: Techniques and tactics in attack and defense

a. Prerequisites

Learners of senior three will learn better techniques and tactics in attack and defense if

they can play football game

b. Teaching resources

Playground, balls, whistle, cones, equipment, chasubles, goalposts

c. Introduction

Opening discussions

Ask questions related to techniques and tactics of playing football and explain their

importance in the game.

Warm-up activities

Tell learners to make four lines and perform exercises of activating the body by jogging

around the ground with maintaining a medium speed. Warming up with balls in groups.

Ask one of them to lead stretching exercises.

d. Lesson development

This lesson comprises techniques and tactics in attack and defense.

For each technique and tactic:

• Show learners how to execute the basic skills;

• Let learners to practice based on instructions, materials and provide necessary

support;

• Control how learners perform attack and defense with techniques;

Techniques of attack 

1. Passing techniques

• Placing the non-striking foot next to the ball, pointing at their target and locking

the striking ankle with relaxing the body;

• Keeping head up to find a teammate and then look back to the ball before

striking it;

• Following through with the striking foot in the direction of the target;

2. Techniques of controlling the ball

• Keeping the head relaxed and watch the ball carefully to judge its speed and

height.

• Moving both feet quickly while the body is in front of the ball regularly.

• Deciding early the body part that will control the ball and relax it.

• Cushioning the ball by withdrawing the body part controlling the ball and keep

it close to the body after controlling.

3. Shooting techniques

• Keep eyes on the ball and head up to focus the target then look back to the ball

before shooting.

• Approach the ball slightly from the side and place the non-striking foot directly

to the side of the ball.

• Strike the centre of the ball for rising it too high and keep the upper body still

and strike through the ball.

4.Heading techniques

• Taking position by placing both feet in a balanced position, with knees bent and

weight centered.

• Keeping the eyes open and focus until the contact of the ball

• Keeping the upper body straight, neck and back muscles braced and close the

mouth

• Moving the head back slightly to reach forward with the hands at chest height.

• Releasing the stored power into the ball and pull the hands back to the chest as

in a quick rowing movement with thrusting the head forward.

• Striking the ball with the forehead, between eyebrows and hair line.

• Following through toward the target.

5. Dribbling techniques

• Taking short steps to drive the ball with the inside, outside or instep of the foot

• Alternating feet and keep the ball close to the body.

• Making the awareness with the ball, the space on the field and any defender

              Controlling and dribbling the ball with different body parts

Techniques of defense

1. Tackling techniques

• Place the non-striking foot directly next to the ball and lock the ankle joint of the

tackling foot.

• Bend the knees slightly to take the force of tackling and lean the head and body over the ball.

• Tighten the upper body by clenching hands and contact the centre of the ball

with the inside of the foot before the opponent contact

• Win the duel on the midfield and pressuring the opponents to make mistakes

• Intercept the ball towards the opponent according to its speed

• Tackle the ball based on game rules and regulations

• Kick the ball using the regular body parts to defend the goal

2. Goal keeping techniques

• Defending the opponent’s high cross and stopping shots

• Defending the one on one in the game situation

• Keeping eyes on the opponent penalties’ shooter to discover the direction of the

ball headed

• Manifesting developed reflexes and agility in the game

                        Different ways of catching and controlling the ball

Tactics

1. Counter - attack technique

• Quickly running with the ball for unbalancing the opponent’s defense.

• Executing a long and deep pass to the front attacker.

• Timing the reception and control the ball to ensure the quick game .

• Shooting on finishing to score the goal

2. The team formations

Introducing the attacking or defensive style they wish to play for winning the game

Describing the 4-4-2 positions of players on the field

The 4-4-2 formation is the most famous and widely used in Football. It gives a team

the most balance. It means that a team has four defenders, four midfielders and two

attackers. It is a very solid formation. The defenders are protecting the goalkeeper and

supporting the rest of the team. The midfielders are supporting the defenders and

attackers. It can easily be adapted into a 4-3-3, 3-5-2 or 5-3-2 formation.

Describing the 4-3-3 positions of players on the field

The attacking formation 4-3-3 allows a team to have three attackers while still having

a strong midfield and defense. The midfielders must work harder. But it gives a team

the opportunity to pass the ball wide instead of going through the centre. One or two

attackers usually play just behind the main forward to help support the midfield and collect the ball. The 4-3-3 can easily switch back to a 4-4-2 formation.

Describing the 4-4-1-1 positions of players on the field

Similar to the 4-4-2, the second attacker plays just behind the main forward and links up

with the midfield. This variation causes problems for the opposing defense. The second

attacker is harder to mark because she/he is free to move anywhere on the field in an

attacking position. This player is usually the most creative on a team.

Describing the 4-5-1 positions of players on the field

The 4-5-1 formation is becoming more popular in world football. It is a solid defensive

strategy because at times 10 players will be behind the ball. It is used by teams against

very strong opponents to reduce scoring chances. It is a good formation for keeping

possession and breaking down an attack. But it is not good for creating goal-scoring

opportunities because the single attacker is alone and unsupported.

Describing the 3-4-3 positions of players on the field

The 3-4-3 is a strong attacking formation. A third attacking midfielder plays just behind

the two forwards and links up with the midfield. A more defensive midfielder will play in

front of the defenders to support them when the team does not have the ball.

Describing the 4-3-2-1 positions of players on the field

The 4-3-2-1, or Christmas tree formation, is similar to the popular 4-4-2 and 4-5-1

formations. A single forward is supported by two attackers who link up with the

midfield. It is a strong attacking formation. It is used by teams who have good, creative

players and hard working midfielders.

Cool-down activities

Telling learners to march on the ground relaxing arms and legs with moving in different

direction together and raise hands according to teacher’s signals.

e. Assessment

Final discussion

Reflect:

What did you do to achieve attacking and defending techniques?

Connect

What are other conditions that engage you to use techniques?

What are other conditions in that you need referees?

Apply

How will you serve the society as referee?

How will you use techniques in your daily life?

Lesson 3: Fouls and their sanctions during the game

a. Prerequisites

Learners of senior three will learn better fouls and their penalties if they can play

football game and identify fouls and penalties.

b. Teaching resources

Play ground, balls, whistle, cones, equipment, chasubles (pinny), goals, yellow card, red

card, FIFA rule book.

c. Introduction

Opening discussions

Asks questions related to fouls and their penalties sanctions that can be committed by

football players in a game.

Warm-up activities

Let learners make two rows and perform exercises of activating the body by jogging

around the ground with maintaining a medium speed. Warm up with balls in groups.

Ask one of them to lead stretching exercises.

d. Lesson development

This lesson comprises football fouls and their penalties

For each foul

Explain learners how it can be committed and its relative sanction.

Fouls and their sanctions during a football game

1. Fouls that merit direct free kick

• charges;

• jumps at ;

• kicks or attempts to kick;

• pushes ;

• strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt) ;

• tackles or challenges;

• trips or attempts to trip

If an offence involves contact it is penalized by a direct free kick or penalty kick;

Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a

challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed;

Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an

opponent and must be cautioned;

Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use.

A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:

• handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within their penalty

area);

• holds an opponent;

• impedes an opponent;

• spits an opponent.

2. Fouls that merit indirect free kick

(A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been officially

cautioned)

a. When a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area:

• Controlling the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it

from his possession;

• Touching the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his possession

and before it has touched another player;

• Touching the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a

teammate, or thrown to him from a throw-in (the back-pass rule).

b. When any player in the opinion of the referee:

• Playing in a dangerous manner;

• Impeding the progress of an opponent when the ball is not within playing distance

of either player;

• Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands;

• Committing any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which

play is stopped to caution or send off a player;

• Some technical breaches of the rules, such as the offside offence, result in play

being restarted with an indirect free kick, though these are not considered fouls

and will never be punished by a caution or dismissal..

Misconduct that merits a yellow card (caution)

A player is cautioned and shown a yellow card in case of:

• Unsporting behavior;

• Dissenting by word or action;

• Persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game;

• Delaying the restart of play;

• Failing to respect the required distance (9.15m) when play is restarted with a

corner kick, throw-in or free kick;

• Entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission;

• Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission.

3. Fouls that merit red card (removal)

The misconduct for which a player may be sent off are:

• Serious foul play and violent conduct;

• Spitting at an opponent or any other person;

• Denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal scoring opportunity by

deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own

penalty area);

• Denying an obvious goal scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards

the player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick (in 2016

it was changed to caution as long as it is not violent in nature);

• Using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures;

• Receiving a second caution in the same match.

Cool-down activities

Tell learners to march on the ground relaxing, arms and legs with moving in different

directions together and raise hands according to teacher’s signals.

e. Assessment

Final discussion

Ask questions corresponding to the lesson for developing values in learners.

Reflect:

What do you do to play a fair game?

Connect

What are other conditions that you merit sanctions/punishment?

What are other conditions in that you need referees?

Apply

How will you correct fouls and misconduct in your daily life?

How will you serve the society as referee?

3.5. Additional information for teachers

1. Referees position on the field of play

The Referee can go anywhere on the football field with keeping close to the ball for

making a quick decisions and correctly. He has two assistant referees where each one

is responsible for one end of the field. One patrols from the halfway line to one goal

line on one side of the field while the other patrols from the halfway line to the other

goal line on the opposite side of the field. The assistant referees raise a flag and decide

on corner kicks, throw-ins, the ball goes out of play, when there is an offside, a foul has

been committed that the referee has not seen.

If a player commits a direct free kick offence within his own penalty area, a penalty kick

is awarded irrespective of the position of the ball, provided the ball is in play.

2. Other offences

Not all infractions of the Laws are fouls.

Non-foul infractions may be dealt with as technical infractions (e.g. as breaching the

rules governing the restarts of play) or misconduct (these are punishable by a caution

or sending-off). Note that persistent infringement of the Laws is an offence for which

the player may be cautioned.

What constitutes caution able unsporting behavior is generally at the referee’s

discretion, though the interpretation and guidelines which accompany the Laws list

a number of examples. These include simulation intended to deceive the referee, or

attempting to score by handling the ball. Fouls which are committed recklessly or 

fouls which are committed with the intention of breaking up a promising attack are

also considered unsporting behavior and punishable with a yellow card. Fouls which

are committed with excessive force, however, or which deny an obvious goal scoring

opportunity for the player fouled (i.e. a professional foul), are punishable by a red card.

A player is shown a red card to indicate his dismissal from the game. Law 12 of the Laws

of the Game lists the categories of misconduct for which a player may be sent off.

3.6 . End unit assessment

Defend and attack using strategies and techniques of football while adhering to rules

in the game situation.

Assess how learners perform techniques of attack and defense adhering to rules.

3.7. Additional activities

• Distribute balls to learners for regular familiarization with the ball;

• Competition between small groups and choose their own referees and assistant

referees ;

• Competition between classes and forming school teams and participate in

interschool competitions.