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Umutwe Wa 2: Ubuzima

  • Umutwe Wa 2: Ubuzima

    Umwandiko: Ubuzima bw’imyororokere

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    Kampire ni umubyeyi wari afite umwana w’umukobwa wakundaga kubaza ibibazo byinshi kubera amatsiko. Bakundaga kuganira ibintu binyuranye byo mu buzima busanzwe. Umunsi umwe wa mukobwa aza kubaza nyina ati: “Ubundi iyo umwana avuka anyura he?” Nyina amusubiza amubeshya ati: “Anyura mu mukondo”. Biba aho wa mukobwa arakura nk’abandi bose. Nyuma yaje kugira ibyago byo gutwara inda idateganyijwe, cyane ko atari yaranahawe amahirwe yo kwiga nk’abandi bana. Icyo gihe abafite ubumuga ntibitabwagaho. Igihe cyo kubyara kigeze aricara ategereza ko umwana anyura mu mukondo araheba. Kera kabaye nyina aza kubimenya amazi yararenze inkombe, agerageza ibishoboka byose ariko biba iby’ubusa uwo mukobwa akubita igihwereye. Nyamukobwa wawe asigara avuga ko ari nyina wamwiciye umwana.

    Uyu mukecuru Kampire yaje kubiganiriza abandi babyeyi baturanye, abagezaho ishyano yagushije. Abo babyeyi bamubwiye ko na bo babwira abana babo ko umwana bamukura kwa muganga igihe bavuye kubyara murumuna wabo, musaza cyangwa mushiki wabo muto. Bamaze guhuza ayo makuru yabo bose, bumva nta bumenyi buhagije bafite ku buzima bw’imyororokere n’uburyo bwo kwigisha abana babo ibijyanye na bwo. Babiganirije abagabo babo maze bajyana na bo ku kigo nderabuzima kibegereye ngo basobanuze by’imvaho.

    Bakiriwe na Bwiza na Karenzi, abaforomo b’abahanga rwose, maze babibasobanurira birambuye. Bwiza yatangiye agira ati: “Ku ruhande rw’igitsina gabo, iyo umwana w’umuhungu akiri muto, imyanya myibarukiro ye iba isa n’isinziriye. Itangira gukora mu gihe cy’ubugimbi, igatangira imyiteguro ijyanye no kororoka. Icyo gihe igitsina ke gitangira kujya gifata umurego, agatangira no kujya yiroteraho. Udusabo tw’ubugabo dutangira gukora intanga ngabo ubudahwema. Bitandukanye n’umukobwa ukuza intanga imwe buri kwezi. Guhera icyo gihe cyose umuhungu yatangiye kwiroteraho abonanye n’umukobwa cyangwa umugore uri mu gihe cy’uburumbuke yamutera inda (mu gihe nta buryo bwo kwikingira bwakoreshejwe)”.

    Karenzi yungamo ati: “Ku ruhande rw’igitsina gore, nk’uko twabibonye ku muhungu, no ku mukobwa iyo akiri umwana muto imyanya myibarukiro ye iba isa n’igisinziriye. Mu gihe cy’ubwangavu akarerantanga k’intanga ngore karekura intanga imwe buri kwezi; ari byo byitwa irekurantanga. Icyo gihe umura (nyababyeyi) uba witeguye kwakira urusoro. Iyo intanga ngore yahuye n’intanga ngabo, urusoro rujya mu mura. Umwana akurira mu mura mu gihe cy’amezi ikenda. Muri icyo gihe nta mihango ibaho. Iyo nta sama ribayeho, ibyo umura wari warateganyirije kwakira urusoro bisohoka ari amaraso ari byo byitwa imihango. Ibyo ni byo bita ‘ukwezi k’umugore’ ntibivuga ukwezi uku gusanzwe tubariraho amatariki nk’uko bamwe babikeka; ahubwo bivuga ‘Iminsi ihereye ku munsi wa mbere aboneyeho imihango, ikagera ku munsi ubanziriza imihango ikurikira’. Ukwezi k’umugore kugira hagati y’iminsi 21 n’iminsi 35. Iyo umukobwa cyangwa se umugore abonye imihango mbere y’iminsi 21 cyangwa se nyuma y’iminsi 35 agomba kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo agirwe inama ku mpamvu zaba zibitera n’uburyo byakosorwa.

    Hari abagore bagira iminsi y’ukwezi idahinduka n’abandi bagira iminsi ihindagurika bitewe n’impamvu zinyuranye. Muri zo twavuga imikorere y’umubiri, imirire, uburwayi, uguhangayika, ubwoba bukabije n’ibindi. Twibuke ko ku mugore iyo intanga ze zishize habaho gucura (kurangira ko kubona urubyaro) mu kigero k’imyaka nka 45 kuzamura. Muri rusange umubare w’intanga ku mugore ubarirwa hagati ya 400 na 450. Ntitwakwirengagiza kandi ko hariho abagira umwihariko wo gutakaza intanga ebyiri ku kwezi kumwe.” Umuforomokazi Bwiza arongera ati: “Nuko rero ntimugatinye kubisobanurira abana banyu.” Ba babyeyi bose bataha banyuzwe n’icyo kiganiro, baniyemeza kujya babyigisha abana babo batabiciye ku ruhande. Aba bagabo n’abagore bamaze kugera ku midugudu yabo batangiye kubyigisha abandi babyeyi.

    Niduhere kuri ibyo, tumenye uko twacunga ubuzima bwacu bw’imyororokere, tubusobanurire n’abandi cyanecyane abakiri bato. Bizabafasha kudahahamurwa n’imihindukire y’imyanya myibarukiro yabo uko bagenda bakura, no kudahuriramo n’ingorane, zaba izo gutera cyangwa gutwara inda mu buryo budateganyijwe, zaba izo kwandura indwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina harimo n’agakoko gatera SIDA. N’ugize icyo abona kuri we adasobanukiwe ahanuze ku babishinzwe barimo abaganga n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa babo nk’abajyanama b’ubuzima. Hato hatazagira uzira kutamenya no kutabaza, cyane ko “Intamenya irira ku muziro” kandi ngo: “Ukura utabaza ugasaza utamenye.” Murumva rero ko twese bitureba, tumenye ubuzima bw’imyororokere, tutazisama twasandaye!

    Byateguwe hifashishijwe imfashanyigisho ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’amahugurwa ku byerekeye ubuzima bw’imyororokere.

    I. Ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko

    1.Uyu mwandiko uravuga kuri ba nde?

    2.Abavugwa muri uyu mwandiko bahujwe n’ikibazo kijyanye n’ibiki? Byari byagenze bite?

    3.Sobanura impamvu ivugwa mu mwandiko yatumye uriya mukobwa atajyanwa mu ishuri.

    4.Sobanura igihe umukecuru Kampire yamenyeye ikibazo umukobwa we afite n’uko yabyifashemo.

    5.Gereranya imyumvire ya Kampire n’iya bariya babyeyi bandi ku bijyanye no kuganiriza abana ku buzima bw’imyororokere.

    6.Erekana umwanzuro ababyeyi bafashe nyuma yo kubona ko nibikomeza bityo bazakomeza guhura n’ingorane.

    7.Shaka mu mwandiko ingero eshatu zerekana ko bamwe mu babyeyi bagira isoni zo kubwiza ukuri abana babo ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere.

    8.Hitamo igisubizo kiri cyo muri ibi bikurikira wifashishije umwandiko:

    (i) Uriya mukobwa ntiyize ishuri kuko:

         a) Yari munini cyane.

         b) Atabishakaga.

         c) Abafite ubumuga batitabwagaho.

         d) Atagiraga nyina.

    (ii) Ababyeyi bageze ku kigo nderabuzima bakiriwe na:

           a) Kiza, umuforomokazi w’umuhanga cyane.

           b) Bwiza, umuforomokazi w’umuswa cyane.

           c) Keza, umuforomokazi w’umuhanga cyane.

           d) Bwiza na Karenzi abaforomo b’abahanga cyane.

    (iii) Ubuzima bw’imyororokere bugomba kwitabwaho no gusobanurirwa abana bakiri bato kugira ngo:

           a) Bakure batazi imihindukire y’imibiri yabo bizabarinde ingorane zari zibategereje.

           b) Bakure bazi imihindukire y’imibiri yabo bizabarinde ingorane zari zibategereje.

           c) Bakure bazi gutegura amafunguro neza.

           d) Ibirayi bigabanyirizwe igiciro kuko bihenze cyane.

    (iv) Ukwezi k’umugore kugira:

            a) Iminsi iri hagati ya 21 na 35.

            b) Iminsi itarenga 30.

            c) Ibyumweru bibiri n’igice.

            d) Buri gihe iminsi 35.

    II. Inyunguramagambo

    1.Shaka ibisobanuro by’amagambo cyangwa amatsinda y’amagambo akurikira ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

        a) Amazi yarenze inkombe                 e) Igihe cy’uburumbuke

        b) Gukubita igihwereye                       f ) Urusoro

        c) Biba iby’ubusa g) Kwisama wasandaye    

        d) Gucura

    III. Umwitozo wo gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro

    Umunyeshuri nakoreshe neza amagambo mu nteruro ziboneye.

    1.Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro ngufi kandi ziboneye:

            a) Guheba                                 d) Ukororoka

            b) Kugusha ishyano                e) Urusoro

            c) Urujijo

    2.Uzuza interuro zikurikira ukoresheje amagambo ukuye mu mwandiko:

    a) Iyo umwana adasobanuriwe ubuzima bw’imyororokere ashobora gusama cyangwa gutera inda ..................

    b) Kampire yaje kubiganiriza abandi babyeyi baturanye, abagezaho ishyano..................

    c) Abantu benshi usanga badafite ubumenyi buhagije ku buzima ..................

    d) Ababyeyi bageze ku kigo nderabuzima bakiriwe na .................. umuforomokazi w’umuhanga rwose.

    e) Iyo umukobwa amaze gukura imyanya .................. ye itangira kwitegura ibijyanye n’ukororoka.

    IV. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko

    1.Nimwerekane ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri muri uyu mwandiko.

    2.Ibivugwa muri uyu mwandiko bihuriye he n’ubuzima busanzwe ?

    3.Usomye umusozo w’uyu mwandiko urasanga umwanditsi asaba iki umwangavu cyangwa ingimbi izawusoma?

    4.Wumva kwigisha hakiri kare ibice by’umubiri ndetse n’iby’imyanya myibarukiro n’akamaro kabyo hari icyo byamarira abangavu cyangwa ingimbi mu rwego rwo kurinda ubuzima bwabo no kugabanya ubwiyongere bw’abaturage butajyanye n’umusaruro beza?

    IV. Umwitozo w’ubumenyi ngiro

    Buri munyeshuri nakore umwitozo wo kwimenyereza kuvugira imbere ya bagenzi be. Uyu mwitozo mushobora no kuwukorera hanze y’ishuri, mu gihe musubiramo amasomo yanyu.

    Kwitoza kuvugira mu ruhame.
    Bwira bagenzi bawe ibyo uyu mwandiko ugusigiye uhereye ku ngingo yo guharanira ubuzima bwiza.

    Amasaku mu nteruro

    Soma interuro zikurikira maze witegereze amagambo y’umukara tsiri azirimo.

    a) Biba aho wa mukobwa arakura nk’abandi bose.
    →abaândi/ nk’âbaândi
    Biba aho wâa mukoôbwa arakûra nk’âbaândi bôose.

    b) Ariko biba iby’ubusa akubita igihwereye.
    → ubusâ/ iby’ûbusâ
    Arîko biba iby’ûbusâ akubita igihwêereye.

    c) N’andi makuru nk’ayo atera urujijo mu bana.
    → andî/ n’âandî; ayo/ nk’aâyo
    N’âandî makurû nk’aâyo atera urujijo mu bana.

    d) Bumva nta bumenyi buhagije bafite ku buzima bw’imyororokere n’uburyo bwo kwigisha abana babo ibijyanye na bwo.
    → imyoôrorokere/ bw’îmyoôrorokere; uburyô/ n’ûburyô
    Buumva ntâa bumenyi buhaagîje bafitê ku buzima bw’îmyoôrorokere n’ûburyô bwô kwîigiisha abâana bâabo ibijyâanye na bwô.

    e) Biyemeza kugana ikigo nderabuzima kibegereye ngo basobanuze by’imvaho.
    → imvâahô/ by’îimvâahô
    Biiyemeza kugana ikigô nderabuzima kibeêgereye ngo basobâanuze by’îimvâahô.

    f ) Bakiriwe na Bwiza, umuforomokazi w’umuhanga rwose.

    → Bwiizâ/ na Bwîizâ; umuhaânga/ w’ûmuhaânga
    Baâkiriwe na Bwîizâ, umuforomokazi w’ûmuhaânga rwôose.

    g) Ku ruhande rw’igitsina gabo na ho, iyo umwana w’umuhungu akiri muto, imyanya myibarukiro ye iba isa n’isinziriye.
    → igitsîna/ rw’îgitsîna; umuhuûngu/ w’ûmuhuûngu; isîinziriye/ n’îisîinziriye
    Ku ruhaânde rw’îgitsîna gabo na hô, iyô umwâana w’ûmuhuûngu akirî mutô, imyaânya myîibarukiro yê iba isâ n’îisîinziriye.

    Ubutinde n’amasaku by’aya magambo muri ibyo byiciro byombi biratandukanye.


    Amasaku mbonezanteruro

    Amagambo hari igihe ahindura amasaku bitewe n’uko yakoreshejwe mu nteruro. Ni ukuvuga ko imiterere y’amasaku kamere mu ijambo ndetse n’ubutinde ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’uko iryo jambo rishyizwe hamwe n’andi mu itsinda ry’amagambo cyanecyane mu nteruro. Mu rukurikirane rw’amagambo mu nteruro, hari amoko y’amagambo atuma habaho imihindagurikire y’amasaku. Ayo ni nk’ibyungo na na nka ndetse n’ibinyazina ngenera bifite igicumbi –a (wa, ba, ya rya, za...).

    Amategeko agenga imihindagurikire y’amasaku mu nteruro:
    Mu nteruro amasaku asanzwe ashobora guhinduka bitewe n’ibyungo cyangwa ibinyazina nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru. Imihindagurikire yayo yisanisha n’amagambo fatizo akoreshwa iyo higishwa amasaku. Ayo magambo ni aya akurikira: umugabo, umuuntu, umusôre, umugorê, umwâana, umwaâmi, reerô, isâahâ, inkâ, uyu...

    Ingero:
                 – Ihenê n’îinkâ
                 – Umwâana wa gâtaanu.
                 – Rimwê na kâbiri.
                 – Umugabo n’ûmugorê barûuzuzanya.
                 – Ageenda nk’Âbagesera.
                 – Abâana b’âbahûungu baanganya uburêengaanzirâ n’âab’âbakoôbwa.
                 – Ageenda nka Kâmaana.
                 – Saavê ituuwe nka Kîbuungo.
                 – Umureenge wa Rûheeru nî uwô mu Karêerê kaa Nyaruguru.
                 – Musâanze yuubatse nk’Ûmujyî wa Kîgalî.
                 – Akuunda amâazi nk’îifî.
                 – Umuhoro w’âabâana ushira doondidoondi.
                 – Inâama z’uûriiya muforomokazi zaâgize umumaro.

    Ikitonderwa:
    a) Hashobora kuboneka n’andi moko y’amagambo ahindura amasaku kamere y’ijambo bijyanye. Urugero nk’indangahantu “i“

    Ingero:
                 – Saavê
                 – Agiiye i Sâavê.
                 – Rwaankûba
                 – Bâriîya bâana biiga i Rwâankûba.

    b) Ariya magambo atera ihinduka ry’amasaku mu nteruro iyo akoresheje impindurantego zayo zifite inyajwi o, ni ukuvuga icyungo no na nko n’ibinyazina ngenera bifite igicumbi –o, ni yo afata isaku nyejuru.
                    - Kuryâ nô kuryâama biraangana.
                    - Amâazi yô kunywâ barayâteeka.

    Umwitozo ku masaku mu nteruro
    Umunyeshuri nakore neza umwitozo wo kugaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku ku nteruro, yubahiriza uko bikorwa.
     1.Andika interuro zikurikira ugaragaza ubutinde bw’imigemo n’imiterere y’amasaku:
             a) Umukobwa w’uriya mubyeyi yakundaga kubaza ibintu byinshi.
             b) Ivuga nk’izindi ngo: “Ngiyo kanwa kabi”.
             c) Ababyeyi n’abana bagomba kuganira.
             d) I Save higa abanyeshuri benshi.
             e) Inama zo kwa muganga zifasha abantu benshi.

    2.Tanga ingero eshatu z’amagambo anyuranye ushobora gukoresha mu nteruro agatera ihinduka ry’amasaku muri iyo nteruro.


    Umwandiko: Inkingo n’akamaro kazo

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    Iyo tuganiriye n’abasaza n’abakecuru bo mu miryango yacu, batubwira ko ubuzima bwa muntu bwagiye bwugarizwa n’indwara nyinshi zirimo n’iz’ibyorezo. Ngizo za mugiga, iseru, akaniga, imbasa, n’izindi. Ngo kera indwara z’ibyorezo zarabibasiraga zikabica umusubizo. Ariko muri ibyo byose impuguke n’abashakashatsi mu by’ubuzima ntibahwemye kubungabunga amagara y’abantu ngo barebe ko ibyo bisumizi byagenda nka nyomberi. Ni muri urwo rwego havumbuwe inkingo zinyuranye.

    Izo nkingo zihabwa abana mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ubuzima bwabo hari n’izihabwa abakuze mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Abagore batwite, abantu bagiye mu ngendo zitandukanye aho bashobora guhuriramo n’indwara z’ibikatu. Urugero nk’abasirikari cyangwa n’abaporisi bagiye mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi. Abana b’abakobwa bujuje imyaka cumi n’ibiri na bo bahabwa urukingo rwa kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.

    Abantu bakuru muri rusange bajya bahabwa inkingo igihe hateye indwara z’ibikatu nka mugiga, indwara y’umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa epatite B n’izindi. Izo nkingo zose rero zifite akamaro gakomeye ko kurinda no gukumira indwara zitarinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu. Gusa mu gihe abantu babikangurirwa hariho bamwe usanga bavunira ibiti mu matwi, kubibwirwa bikaba nko kugosorera mu rucaca cyangwa gucurangira abahetsi.

    Ibyo ari byo byose buri mubyeyi w’Umunyarwanda agomba kwitabira guhesha abana be inkingo zose nk’uko ziteganywa na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima muri gahunda yayo yo kurwanya indwara z’ibyorezo mu bana bato. Izo nkingo ni izo kurwanya indwara zikurikira: igituntu, imbasa, kokorishi, agakwega (tetanosi), akaniga, impiswi, iseru n’izindi.

    Gukingira abana bikorwa kuri gahunda. Iyo umwana akivuka ahabwa urukingo rw’igituntu n’urw’imbasa. Yamara ukwezi n’igice agahabwa urw’imbasa, kokorishi, agakwega bamwe bita tetanosi, akaniga, umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa epatite B, pinemokoke hamwe n’urw’impiswi. Ku mezi abiri n’igice akingirwa nanone imbasa, kokorishi, agakwega, akaniga, umwijima, umusonga n’impiswi. Iyo umwana yujuje amezi atatu n’igice ahabwa urukingo rw’imbasa, kokorishi, agakwega, akaniga, umwijima, umusonga n’impiswi. Yongera gukingirwa agize amezi ikenda aho ahabwa urukingo rw’iseru na rubeyore. Iyo agejeje ku mezi cumi n’atanu, ni ukuvuga umwaka n’amezi atatu ahabwa urukingo rw’iseru ari na rwo ruheruka izindi muri uru ruhererekane rwazo. Iyi gahunda y’inkingo ikwiye gufatwa nk’amata y’abashyitsi, ikitabirwa, abantu bakareba ko bakubita inshuro izi ndwara ziba zishaka kubibasira ngo zibamire bunguri. Abashinzwe kubika no gutanga inkigo na bo bagomba kubikorana ubwitonzi n’ubushishozi kugira ngo zitangwe mu buryo bwujuje ubuziranenge.

    Abavumbuye izi nkingo hatibagiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda izidutegurira ikazitwishyurira ndetse ikanazidukangurira dukwiriye kubakurira ubwatsi. Aha kandi ntawakwibagirwa ko zose zitangirwa ubuntu binyujijwe muri gahunda za Minisiteri y’Ubuzima. Mu rwego mpuzamahanga haracyashakishwa n’izindi nkingo z’indwara z’ibyorezo nka SIDA, ebora, kanseri, diyabete n’izindi. Reka tubitege amaso kuko “Ntawuvuma iritararenga”.

    Twibuke kandi ko kwirengagiza gufata inkingo byakururira umuntu akaga gakomeye kuko bishobora kumuzanira ubumuga bukomeye cyangwa se n’urupfu. Urukingo ni ingabo y’ubuzima, kandi “kwirinda biruta kwivuza.”

    Byateguwe hifashishijwe imfashanyigisho ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, Gahunda yo gukingiza umwana.

    I. Ibibazo byo kumwa umwandiko

    1.Ni ibiki mu mwandiko bavuga ko byagiye byibasira ubuzima bw’abantu?

    2.Rondora indwara z’ibyorezo zavuzwe mu mwandiko.

    3.Sobanura uburyo indwara z’ibyorezo zishobora kwirindwa uhereye no ku bivugwa mu mwandiko. 4.Sobanura akamaro k’inkingo.

    5.Erekana indwara zavuzwe mu mwandiko zitarabonerwa urukingo. Mu mwandiko bavuga ko hari gukorwa iki kuri izo ndwara?

    6.Wavuga iki ku buryo bwo kubika no gutanga inkingo ubihuza n’ubuziranenge?

    7.Gahunda y’inkingo igenewe abana gusa? Byerekane wifashishije umwandiko.

    8.Hari abantu bamwe birengagiza gahunda y’inkingo. Wumva hari ingaruka mbi byatera? Sobanura igisubizo cyawe.

    II. Inyunguramagambo

    1.Shaka ibisobanuro by’amagambo akurikira ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

          a) Ibisumizi                                     g) Kugosorera mu rucaca

          b) Umusubizo                                 h) Kokorishi

          c) Kugenda nka nyomberi             i) Rubeyore

          d) Urukingo                                      j) Akanigae) Ubumuga

          k) Agakwega                                     f) Kuvunira ibiti mu matwi

    2.Shaka impuzanyito z’aya amagambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

          a) Kugarizwa                                             b) Amagara

    3.Shaka imbusane z’aya magambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

            a) Aba kera

            b) Abana

            c) Rimwe na rimwe

    III. Umwitozo wo gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro

    Umunyeshuri nakoreshe neza amagambo mu nteruro ziboneye

    Koresha aya magambo dusanga mu mwandiko mu nteruro wihimbiye:

    a) Ibyorezo                   c) Kubungabunga        e) Ubuziranenge

    b) Impuguke                d) Kugosorera mu rucaca

    IV. Ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko

    1.Erekana ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri muri uyu mwandiko.

    2.Iyo urebye aho mutuye usanga gahunda y’inkingo yitabirwa ite?

    3. Nyuma yo gusoma uyu mwandiko ni izihe nama ugiye gutanga aho mutuye kugira ngo iyo gahunda yo kwitabira inkingo irusheho kunozwa?

    4.Ibivugwa muri uyu mwandiko bihuriye he n’ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi mu rwego rwo guharanira ubuzima bwiza?

    V. Umwitozo w’ubumenyi ngiro

    Kungurana ibitekerezo:

    Insanganyamatsiko:

    “Kudakingirwa ntacyo bitwaye nta n’ingaruka byagira ku buzima.”

    Umwitozo wo kwitoza kuvugira mu ruhame:
    Buri munyeshuri nakore umwitozo wo kwimenyereza kuvugira imbere ya bagenzi be.

    Ukurikije ibyo wumvise muri uyu mwandiko, geza kuri bagenzi bawe ibyo utekereza uhereye ku ngingo yo guharanira ubuzima bwiza.

    Inshamake y’ibyizwe muri uyu mutwe wa kabiri

    Muri uyu mutwe twasesenguye imyandiko ivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko y’ubuzima. Twabonye ko ubuzima bw’imyororokere bugomba kwigishwa abana bakiri bato, baba abahungu ndetse n’abakobwa. Ibi bikazabafasha kumenya uko bitwara mu gihe k’imihindukire y’imibiri yabo kandi bikanabafasha no kurwanya ingorane zaterwa no kudasobanukirwa imikorere y’imibiri yabo. Mu kubungabunga ubuzima kandi harimo no kwitabira gahunda y’inkingo kuko zituma ubuzima bw’umwana bugira umutekano n’ubudahangarwa kuva akiri mu nda ya nyina kugeza igihe avutse no mu mikurire ye.

    Mu kibonezamvugo twabonye imikoreshereze y’amasaku mu nteruro. Twabonyemo amwe mu magambo akunze gutera ihinduka ry’ubutinde bw’imigemo n’imiterere y’amasaku by’amagambo mu nteruro, nk’ibyungo na na nka, ibinyazina ngenera bifite igicumbi –a ndetse n’indangahantu “i”. Twabonye kandi n’amwe mu mategeko arebana n’iyo mihindukire y’amasaku.

    Isuzuma rusange risoza umutwe wa kabiri

    Isuzumwa rikorwa n’abanyeshuri bose kandi buri munyeshuri agakora ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza yahawe.

    Umwandiko: Ubuzima bw’umuntu

    Ubuzima bw’umuntu bukenera ibintu binyuranye kugira ngo bushobore kubungabungwa no kuzira umuze. Muri ibyo byose habamo kugenera umubiri wacu ibikwiye byose, birimo no kuwurinda indwara z’ibyorezo twitabira gahunda y’inkingo. Habamo kandi no gutangira kwigisha umuntu ibijyanye n’imiterere ndetse n’imibereho ye kuva akiri muto. Twabyitwaramo dute rero ngo dushobore kurengera ubuzima bwacu?

    Mu by’ukuri ntawudakeneye kubaho neza. Ni yo mpamvu ubuzima bwa muntu bugomba kwitabwaho kuva akiri mu nda ya nyina umubyara. Ni muri urwo rwego umugore utwite agomba kwitabira gahunda yo kwipimisha igihe cyose akimara kumenya ko yasamye. Ibi biberaho kugira ngo uwo mubyeyi ahabwe inama zose ndetse n’amabwiriza bireba umugore utwite. Agomba guhabwa inama, imiti cyangwa inkingo byose bimuteganyirizwa muri icyo gihe cyose cyo gutwita kugeza igihe azabyarira.

    Igihe umubyeyi amaze kwibaruka uruhinja, agomba kwitwararika agakurikiza amabwiriza yose ahabwa n’abaganga ku bijyanye n’imikurire y’umwana. Agomba kubika neza ifishi y’ikingira, kandi akitwararika kujya ayirebaho kenshi kugira ngo amenye neza ko itariki y’ikingira rikurikiraho yegereje. Nta mwana ugomba kuvutswa ayo mahirwe, kuko bishobora kumukururira akaga gakomeye mu gihe ke kiri imbere. Umwana udahawe inkingo uko bikwiye bishobora kumuviramo kwibasirwa n’indwara z’ibyorezo zishobora kumutera ubumuga butandukanye cyangwa se bikaba byanamuviramo urupfu.

    Hari abamugazwa n’imbasa cyangwa bagahitanwa n’igituntu, akaniga ndetse na mugiga. Ni kuki rwose twakwemera ko ibyo byorezo biduhekura kandi byarabonewe inkingo? Si umwana gusa kandi ukeneye inkingo kuko n’abakuze bajya bazihabwa iyo bibaye ngombwa, nk’igihe hateye indwara z’ibyorezo nka tetanosi, indwara y’umwijima... Abasirikari n’abaporisi bagiye mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro mu bice binyuranye byo ku isi na bo bateganyirizwa inkingo ngo badahurira n’izo kabutindi mu mashyamba zikabanyuza mu ryoya. Ku bana b’abakobwa bujuje imyaka 12 kandi na bo bakingirwa kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Abana b’abakobwa bagomba kwitabwaho, kuko kera wasangaga umwana w’umukobwa atitabwaho, ndetse n’igihe akuze akaba umugore ugasanga akandamizwa n’umugabo we, ntahabwe agaciro nk’uko bikwiriye. Nyamara ari we mutima w’urugo, akwiye kuzuzanya n’umugabo we bakaruteza imbere.

    Si inkingo gusa zitabwaho mu kurengera ubuzima. Abana bagomba kwigishwa ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bakiri bato. Kuko bibafasha kumenya imihindagurikire y’imibiri yabo uko bagenda bakura n’uko bagomba kubyitwaramo. Ubuzima bwacu rero buri mu biganza byacu. Icyakora haracyari indwara z’ibyorezo zigishakirwa inkingo. Harimo SIDA yigize akateye idutwara abantu umusubizo, za ebora tujya twumva hamwe na hamwe muri Afurika. Hari kandi za diyabete, indwara zifitanye isano n’umutima n’umuvuduko w’amaraso, n’izindi.

    Abantu bagomba no kwirinda ibindi bibi byose byashyira ubuzima bwabo mu bibazo nk’umwiryane, ubwiyahuzi, ubusinzi, ubusambanyi, ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’ibindi. Bagaharanira kugira ubuzima bwiza, bita ku isuku, gukangukira gukunda umurimo no kuwunoza kuko ari byo bizabakura mu gihirahiro bikabageza ku iterambere rirambye. Abantu bose muri rusange, bagomba kwibuka gufata amafunguro yujuje ubuziranange kuko bitabaye bityo, bakayafata yangiritse cyangwa yararengeje igihe, utujuje ubuziranenge na byo byabakururira akaga gakomeye.

    Muri iki gihe tugezemo rwose ntidukwiye kurangara ngo indwara zitwibasire uko zibonye cyangwa ngo twishore mu bidakwiye. Ahubwo twese nk’abitsamuye duhagurukire rimwe tubirwanye twivuye inyuma kandi tuzabitsinda burundu, ubuzima bwacu buzire umuze busagambe.

    I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
    1.Sobanura impamvu umugore utwite agomba kwitabira gahunda yo kwipimisha igihe cyose akimara kumenya ko yasamye.

    2.Ni izihe ngaruka umwana udahawe inkingo uko bikwiye ashobora guhura na zo?

    3.Erekana indwara zigenerwa inkingo zavuzwe mu mwandiko.

    4.Uyu mwandiko hari aho uvuga ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzanye. Byerekane wifashishije n’amagambo y’umwandiko.

    5.Uhereye no ku bivugwa mu mwandiko, sobanura akamaro ko kwigisha abana bacu ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bakiri bato.

    6.Erekana ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka zikubiye muri uyu mwandiko.

    7.Erekana ibice bigize uyu mwandiko.

    8. Vuga irindi somo mu yo mwiga rifitanye isano n’ibivugwa muri uyu mwandiko unasobanure impamvu.

    II. Inyunguramagambo
    1.Shaka ibisobanuro by’amagambo cyangwa amatsinda y’amagambo akurikira ukurikije uko yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

             a) Akitwararika d) Biduhekura
             b) Kuvutswa e) Kabutindi
             c) Kwibasirwa

    2.Tanga impuzanyito z’aya magambo akurikira yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

             a) Kubungabungwa                           d) Mu gihirahiro
             b) Kunyuza mu ryoya                        e) Busagambe
             c) Umusubizo                                     f ) Kwibaruka

    3. Shaka imbusane z’aya magambo yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko:

                    a) Umwiryane                     b) Gutangira            c) Nyinshi

    III. Ikibonezamvugo
    Andukura izi nteruro ugaragaza ubutinde bw’imigemo n’imiterere y’amasaku:

    1.Uriya mukobwa yiga i Save.

    2.Ubuzima bw’umuntu bukenera ibintu binyuranye.

    3.Twirinde indwara z’ibyorezo twitabira gahunda y’inkingo.

    4.Mu by’ukuri rero ntawudakeneye kubaho.

    5.Ni yo mpamvu ubuzima bwa muntu bugomba kwitabwaho guhera umwana akiri mu nda ya nyina umubyara.

    6.Umwana udahawe inkingo nk’uko bikwiye ashobora no gupfa.

    ◄Umutwe Wa 1: Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanyeUmutwe Wa 6: Umuco w’amahoro►