UNIT 2:FOOTBALL
Key unit competence: Perform football techniques and tactics in thegame situation adhering to laws of the game
2.1. Prerequisite (knowledge, skills, attitudes and values)
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better performance football in techniques and
tactics in the game situation adhering to laws of the game if they have developedbasic techniques and tactics of football learned in Year 1 and Year 2.
2.2. Cross-cutting issues to be addressed
• Gender
In teaching and learning process, the tutor must prepare and provide football
exercises that engage both girls and boys equally in exploiting their full
potential and football talents without any discrimination or prejudice.
• Inclusive education
The tutor as a facilitator he/she must consider different special education
needs and select exercises to adapt his teaching approaches to student
teachers. This creates a positive attitude and helps all student teachers to
participate actively and develop their competence levels.
• Financial education
The tutor should integrate Financial Education into his football teaching/
learning activities by providing the local and no cost teaching material where
is possible. He/she must encourage student teachers to make their own
materials that can help them to develop competences not only in football
game but also in their life.
• Standardization culture
The tutor must choose and select the standardized materials to use in his/her
teaching/learning process of football. It is necessary to provide appropriate
materials required to the levels of student teachers and help them to
develop culture of checking and using the quality of football materials for the
competitions before using them in order to prevent injuries and other cases
of accident.
• Environment and sustainability
The tutor should provide materials and deliver the lesson by encouraging
student teachers to protect the environment and well use of materials. The
tutor helps them to develop the spirit of keeping safe the environment in
which is being used by cleaning it before leaving.
• Peace and values education
The tutor helps student teachers to develop fair play and social values by
avoiding violence and conflict in the football game and by setting clear and
relevant instructions. He/she should provide the activities that help student
teachers to develop their competence peacefully.
• Comprehensive sexuality education
The tutor provides football activities and sets instructions that prevent sexual
harassment, any kind of gender-based violence like sexual abuse and physical
contacts oriented to the sexuality intention.
• Genocide studies
While conducting basic physical exercises a tutor should take a time to
explain student teachers how sports should be used to fight against Genocide
ideology and how to prevent it. For example, to organize Genocide memorial
tournaments at school and give the message related to the Genocide
2.3. Guidance on introductory activity
Before introducing the lesson one of this unit, you must introduce the whole unit.
The tutor as a guide, facilitator and expert, asks questions and provides activities
related to football techniques and tactics in the game situation by following official
laws of the game in order to help them to predict what to be learned in the wholeunit.
2.4. List of lessons/sub-heading
Lesson 1: Recall on techniques and tactics of playing football
Task/Activity 1
a) Learning objective
Review and perform techniques and tactics of playing football game
b) Teaching resources
Balls, whistle, stopwatch/watch, cones, chasubles, markers, cards (yellow &
red), flags.
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better recall on techniques and tactics
used in football game through game situation if they have developed basic
techniques and tactics of playing football learned in Year 1 and Year 2.
d) Learning activities
Opening discussionss
• Ask questions related to techniques and tactics of playing football game.
• Let student teachers present their answers support them where is necessary.
• Introduce the new lesson and invite student teachers to start warm up
exercises.
Warm up exercises and cool down description
• Let student teachers perform general warm up exercises and specific warm
up based on the most body’s parts to be used while performing Football
techniques and tactics and stretch their muscles properly.
• One student teacher can lead warm up and stretching exercises.
e) Lesson development
• Divide football playground into two equal parts.
• Form groups A, B, C and D including boys and girls.
• Avail two balls, one for each part of the playing ground.
Description of the activity
–– Let student teachers play 7 vs 5 in each part of the playground.
–– Use cones two feet away for making goals to score in (for each court
3 goals must be available in different corners).
–– Let groups play in this ways: A (7 players) vs B (5 players), C (7
players) vs D (5 players).
–– Groups that has 7 players will defend two goals and attack in one
goal. The group that has 5 players will defend one goal and attack in
two goals.
–– Groups are requested to play by using learned techniques and tactics.
–– Let all student teachers participate by making substitutions in all
groups.
–– Observe how student teachers are performing techniques and tactics
of playing football.
–– Request players who are not in the court to observe their teammates
and records some fouls which should be committed by the players.
–– After ten minutes stop the game and let student teachers present
fouls they have found.–– Add any additional information where is necessary
Task/Activity 2
A and B play against C and D
Let group play a normal football game by using the whole football playing
ground. The tutor officiates the match by respecting laws of the game for
football game. The winner is the groups, which will get more goals in a
determined period. The tutor should remember to explain the fouls committedby player before sanctioning him/her.
Cool down exercises
–– Let student teachers do light exercises and stretch their group of muscles
by insisting on most used parts.
–– Randomly, one of student teachers leads cool down exercises.
–– Guides them while stretching their muscles systematically.–– Helps them/demonstrate/correct where is necessary.
Closing discussion
Reflect
–– What are challenges/benefits did you face while playing?–– How did you proceed in order to win? What are causes of losing?
Connect
–– What is the importance of combining techniques and tactics in our works
or plays?
Apply
–– What is the usefulness of techniques and tactics in football game situation?
–– How will you use those skills of playing football in your daily life?
Lesson 2: Laws of the game (law 1-law10)
a) Learning objective
Explain and recognize laws of football game
b) Teaching resources
Balls, whistle, stopwatch/watch, cones, chasubles, markers, Laws of the game
for football, projector, computer, charts/diagrams and images of playground/
officials hand signals , videos showing officiating images.
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better laws of the game of football if they
have performed basic techniques and tactics of playing football in year 1 and
year 2.
d) Learning activities
Divide student teachers into 5 groups and distribute to them questions based
on group numbers and let them discuss given questions into their respective
groups. Distribute laws of the game for each group based on questions given
to facilitate student teachers to get resources (if possible, you may use smartclassroom and let them use soft copy of football laws of the game).
• Pass though groups and help them where is necessary. Request student
teachers to choose a secretary to record findings and group representative
who will present their findings.
• Request group representative to present their findings and group members
may support where is necessary.
• After presentation of all groups, use a projector to recap presentations,
show them fouls, and misconduct with the right hand signals to use while
officiating in football.
Application activity
In pairs, let student teachers show different hand signals used in football gameand interpret their meaning.
Signs used in officiating football game/match
Lesson 3: Laws of the game (Law 11-law 17)
a) Learning objective
Explain and recognize laws of football game
b) Teaching resources
Balls, whistle, stopwatch/watch, cones, chasubles, markers, Laws of the game
for football, projector, computer, charts/diagrams and images of playground/
officials hand signals , videos showing officiating images.
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better laws of the game of football if they
have performed basic techniques and tactics of playing football in year 1 and
year 2.
d) Learning activities
Divide student teachers into four groups and distribute to them questions in
the table based on group numbers and let them discuss given questions into
their respective groups. Distribute football laws of the game for each group
based on questions given to facilitate student teachers to get resources (if
possible, you may use smart classroom and let them use soft copy of footballlaws of the game, videos showing officiating procedures in football etc.).
–– Pass though groups and help them where is necessary. Request student
teachers to choose a secretary to record findings and group representative
who will present their findings.
–– Request group representative to present their findings and group members
may support where is necessary.
–– After presentation of all groups, use a projector to recap presentations,
show them fouls, and misconduct with the right hand signals to use whileofficiating in football.
Application activity
IIn pairs, let student teachers show different hand signals used in football gameand interpret their meaning.
Signs used in officiating football game/match
Lesson 4: Playing football game adhering to laws of the game
a) Learning objective
Interpret and apply laws of the game of football in a game situation
b) Teaching resources
Balls, playground, whistle, stopwatch/watch, cones, chasubles, hard copy of
laws of the game of football, officials’ cards (yellow and red), assistant officials’flag.
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will interpret and apply laws of the game of football
if they have developed basic techniques and tactics of playing football learnedin year 1 and year 2.
d) Learning activities
Opening discussionss
• Ask questions related to laws of the game learned in lesson 1 and lesson
2 in this unit.
• Let student teachers answer asked questions and support their answers
where is necessary.
• Introduce the new lesson and invite student teachers to start warm up.
Warm up exercises and cool down description
• Let student teachers perform general warm up exercises and specific warm
up based on the most body’s parts to be used while playing football and
stretch their muscles properly.• One student teacher can lead warm up and stretching exercises.
• Choose one student teacher to lead cool down and invite them to start after
game situation discussion.
• Start by giving time group A, B then C to share what they have recorded
based on laws of the games, decisions taken by officials, effectiveness of
hand signals used, and how officials are taking positions and their movement
during the match. Support them to clarify some rules of the game where is
necessary.
• Close the lesson by asking some questions on what they have beendiscussed.
2.5. Summary of the unit
This unit comprises the offensive and defensive techniques and tactics of football
in the game situations It describes the laws of game of football.
It provides time for playing games adhering to football laws of the game and
helping student teachers to develop their knowledge and competences in football
game.
2.6 Additional Information for tutors
REFEREE
The authority of the referee
A referee who has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connectionwith the match controls each match.
Decisions of the referee
The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including
whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final. The
decisions of the referee, and all other match officials, must always be respected.
The referee may not change a decision when realizing that it is incorrect or on
the advice of another match official if the game has restarted or if the referee
has already whistle for the end of the first or second half (including extra time)
and left the field of play or abandoned the match.
However, if at the end of the half, the referee leaves the field of play to go to
the referee review area (RRA) or to instruct the players to come back to the
field of play, this does not prevent a decision being changed for an incident,
which occurred before the end of the half.
Powers and duties of the referee
• Enforces the Laws of the Game.
• Controls the match in cooperation with the other match officials.
• Acts as timekeeper, keeps a record of the match and provides the appropriate
authorities with a match report, including information on disciplinary action
and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match.
• Supervises and/or indicates the restart of play.
• Duties of assistant officials
• To indicate at which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in.
• To indicate when a player in an offside position may be penalized.
• At penalty kicks if the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball is
kicked and if the ball crosses the line.
• Monitoring the substitution procedure.
• May enter the field of play to help control the 9.15m distance.
General positioning and movement for referee and assistant
officials
The best position is one from which the referee can make the correct decision.
All recommendations about positioning must be adjusted using specific
information about the teams, the players and events in the match.
Recommendations for officials dispositions and movement
• The play should be between the referee and the lead assistant officials.
• The lead assistant officials should be in the referee’s field of vision so the
referee should usually use a wide diagonal system.
• Staying towards the outside of the play makes it easier to keep play and the
lead assistant officials in the referee’s field of vision.
• The referee should be close enough to see play without interfering with play.
• “What needs to be seen” is not always in the vicinity of the ball. The referee
should also pay attention to:
–– Player confrontations off the ball.
–– Possible offences in the area towards which play is moving.–– Offences occurring after the ball is played away.
The fourth official’s assistance duties and responsibilities are:
• Supervising the substitution procedure.
• Checking a player’s/substitute’s equipment.
• The re-entry of a player following a signal/approval from the referee.
• Supervising the replacement balls.
• Indicating the minimum amount of additional time the referee intends to
play at the end of each half (including extra time).
• Informing the referee of irresponsible behavior by any technical area
occupant.
Additional assistant officials
The additional assistant officials may indicate:
• When the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, including when a goal
is scored.
• To which team is entitled to a corner kick or goal kick.
• Whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before theball is kicked and if the ball crosses the line.
Reserve assistant referee
The only duty of a reserve assistant referee is to replace an assistant referee,
Fourth official who is unable to continue.
Video match officials
A video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official who may assist the referee
to make a decision using replay footage only for a ‘clear and obvious error’ or
‘serious missed incident’ relating to a goal/no goal, penalty/no penalty, direct
red card (not a second caution) or a case of mistaken identity when the referee
cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending team. An assistant
video assistant referee (AVAR) is a match official who helps the VAR primarily
by:
• Watching the television footage while the VAR is busy with a ‘check’ or a
‘review’.
• Keeping a record of VAR-related incidents and any communication or
technology problems.
• Assisting the VAR’s communication with the referee, especially
communicating with the referee when the VAR is undertaking a ‘check’/
‘review’ e.g. to tell the referee to ‘stop play’ or ‘delay the restart’ etc.
• Recording the time ‘lost’ when play is delayed for a ‘check’ or a ‘review’.
• Communicating information about a VAR-related decision to relevant parties.
The start and restart of play
A kick-off starts both halves of a match, both halves of extra time and restarts play
after a goal has been scored. Free kicks (direct or indirect), penalty kicks, throwins,
goal kicks and corner kicks are other restarts of the play.
Ball out of play
The ball is out of play when it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on
the ground or in the air.
Ball in play
The ball is in play when:
• It is inside the court and there is no infringement of laws of the game.
• When it touches a match official and when it rebounds off a goalpost,
crossbar or corner flag post and remains on the field of play.
Offside
Offside position
It is not an offence to be in an offside position. A player is in an offside position if:
• Any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding
the halfway line) and any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the
opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent.
• The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not
considered. A player is not in an offside position when is at the level with
the Second-last opponent or the two last opponents.
Offside offence
A player is consider to be in an offside position from the moment the ball
is played or touched by one of the teammate. He is only penalized when
he is involved in active play by interfering with play by playing or touching a
ball passed or touched by a team-mate or interfering with an opponent by
preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball, by clearly
obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or challenging an opponent for the
ball and when he is gaining an advantage for being in an offside position.
No offence
There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from a goal kick,
a throw-in or a corner kick.
Offences and sanction in football game
Fouls that merit direct free kick
A direct free kick is awarded when a player commits any of the following in a
manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive
force:
• Kicking or attempts to kick an opponent.
• Tripping or attempts to trip an opponent.
• Jumping at an opponent.
• Charging an opponent.
• Striking or attempts to strike an opponent.
• Pushing an opponent.
• Tackling an opponent.
• Holding an opponent.
• Impeding the progress of an opponent with contact.
• Spiting at an opponent.
• Handling the ball deliberately except for the goalkeeper within his own
penalty area.
Direct free kick
• If a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal is
awarded.
• If an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick
is awarded.
• If a direct or indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a
corner kick is awarded.
Fouls that merit indirect free kick
When a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area
• Controlling the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing
it from his possession.
• Touching the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his
possession and before it has touched another player.
• Touching the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him
by a teammate, or thrown to him from a throw-in (the back-pass rule).
When any player in the opinion of the referee
• Playing in a dangerous manner.
• Impeding the progress of an opponent when the ball is not within playing
distance of either player.
• Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands.
• Some technical breaches of the rules, such as the offside offence, result
in play being restarted with an indirect free kick, though these are not
considered fouls and will never be punished by a caution or dismissal.
Indirect free kick signal
The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising the arm above the head; this
signal is maintained until the kick has been taken and the ball touches another
player, goes out of play or it is clear that a goal cannot be scored directly. An
indirect free kick must be retaken if the referee fails to signal that the kick is
indirect and the ball is kicked directly into the goal.
Misconduct that merits a yellow card (caution)
A player is cautioned and shown a yellow card in case of:
• Dissenting by word or action.
• Persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game.
• Delaying the restart of play.
• Failing to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner
kick, throw-in or free kick.
• Entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission.
• Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission.
Fouls that merit red card (send off offense)
A player is sending off and shown a red card in case of:
• Serious foul play and violent conduct.
• Spitting at an opponent or any other person.
• Denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal scoring opportunity
by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within
his own penalty area).
• Using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures.
• Receiving a second caution in the same match.
The Penalty kick
A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits a direct free kick offence inside
their penalty area or off the field as part of play. A goal may be scored directly
from a penalty kick.
The throw in
A throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the ball
when the whole of the ball passes over the touchline, on the ground or in the air.
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in:
• If the ball enters the opponents’ goal: a goal kick is awarded.
• If the ball enters the thrower’s goal: a corner kick is awarded.
• The goal kick
A goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, on
the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the attacking team, and a
goal is not scored. A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against
the opposing team; if the ball directly enters the kicker’s goal, a corner kick is
awarded to the opponents.
The corner kick
A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, on
the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the defending team, and
a goal is not scored.
2.7. End unit assessment
Tutor divide student teachers into groups of four including one referee, two
assistant officials and the fourth referee. After dividing student teachers into
their respecting groups, set the order on which groups will lead the game, request
the first group to start the match. Ask other remaining student teachers to form
two teams of 11 players for each one including a goalkeeper. Let the match start,
change groups which is officiating after five minutes. Officials become players to
replace those who are becoming officials.
–– During performing officiating for each group, observe how each student
teacher is accomplishing given tasks and roles.
–– Records their performance in order to give them feedback at the end of
the exercise.
2.8. Additional activities
2.8.1. Remedial activities
Distribute balls to student teachers for regular familiarization with the ball focusing
on techniques of playing football, encourage student teachers to lead matches/
games while other are performing techniques and tactics in the game situation.
2.8.2. Consolidation activities
Participate in competitions between small groups and choose their own officials
to lead the matches and make records.
2.8.3. Extended activities
Organize football competition between classes for forming school teams and
participate in interclasses competitions and friendly matches. Let student teachers
officiate the matches. Encourages student teachers to exploit regularly official
laws of the game of football and be updated on changes about those laws of thegame.