Physical Education

Key unit competence: Perform throwing exercises in athletics

1.1. Prerequisite (knowledge, skills, attitudes and values)

Student teachers of year 3 will learn better throwing exercises in athletics if they

have developed basic techniques of throws in Ordinary Level and have performed

basic physical exercises.

1.2. Cross-cutting issues to be addressed

• Gender

In teaching and learning process, the tutor must prepare and provide Athletics

activities that engage both girls and boys equally in exploiting their full potential

and talents in without any discrimination or prejudice.

• Inclusive education

The tutor as a facilitator he/she must consider different special education

needs and select activities to adapt his teaching approaches to student

teachers. This creates a positive attitude and helps all student teachers to

participate actively and develop their competence levels.

• Financial education

The tutor should integrate Financial Education into his Athletics teaching/

learning activities by providing the local and no cost teaching materials where

is possible. He/she must encourage student teachers to make their own

materials that can help them to develop competences not only in sport at

school but also in their life.

• Standardization culture

The tutor must choose and select the standardized materials to use in his/her

teaching/learning process of Athletics. It is necessary to provide appropriate

materials required to the levels of student teachers and help them to develop

culture of checking and using the quality of sport materials for the competitions

before using them in order to prevent injuries and other cases of accident.

• Environment and sustainability

The tutor should provide materials and deliver the lesson by encouraging

student teachers to protect the environment and well use of materials. The

tutor helps them to develop the spirit of keeping safe the environment they

use.

• Peace and values education

The tutor helps student teachers to develop fair play and social values by

avoiding violence and conflict in the Athletics activities and by setting clear

and relevant instructions. He/she should provide the activities that help

student teachers to develop their competence peacefully.

• Comprehensive sexuality education

The tutor provides Athletics activities and sets instructions that prevent

sexual harassment, any kind of gender-based violence like sexual abuse and

physical contacts oriented to the sexuality intention.

• Genocide studies

While conducting Athletics exercises a tutor should take a time to explain

student teachers how sports should be used to fight against Genocide

ideology and how to prevent it. For example, to organize Genocide memorial

tournaments at school and give the message related to the Genocide

1.3. Guidance on introductory activity

Before introducing the lesson one of this unit, you must introduce the whole unit.

The tutor as a guide, facilitator and expert, asks questions and provides activities

related to throwing exercises in athletics in order to help them to predict what to

be learned in the whole unit.

1.4. List of lessons/sub-heading

Lesson 1: Techniques of throwing javelin

a) Learning objective

Explain and perform techniques of throwing javelin

b) Teaching resources

Field/playground/throwing area, watch, whistle, decametre, javelin (for men

and women).

c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction

Student teachers of year 3 will learn better techniques of throwing javelin in

athletics if they have developed basic techniques of javelin throws in Ordinary

Level and have performed basic physical exercises.

d) Learning activities

Opening discussions

• Ask questions related to techniques of throwing javelin learned in ordinary

level.

• Let student teachers answer questions, support them where is necessary

and introduce the new lesson.

• Invite student teachers to start warm up exercises.

Warm up exercises and cool down description

• Let student teachers perform general warm up exercises and specific

warm up based on the most used body’s parts to be used while performing

techniques of javelin throwing and stretch their muscles properly. One

student teacher leads warm up and stretching exercises.

e) Lesson development

Tutor starts the lesson by explaining student teachers that throwing javelin

consist of the following phases:

• The grip phase

Explain student teachers that there are three types of grips in throwing javelin

such as:

i) The American grip:

The thumb and the first two joints of the index finger are behind the cord.

ii) The Finnish grip:

The thumb and the index finger are behind the cord, while the index finger

supports the shaft. The extended finger assists the rotation of the javelin

during delivery.

iii) The V grip:

The javelin is held between the index and middle fingers behind the cord.

The position of the fingers assists the throwing arm in staying at shoulder

height during the approach.

Individually, let student teachers apply how to grip javelin by using three grip

methods.

During the approach run up phase, remind student teachers measure their

strides as follow:

To carry javelin at head height with their arms bent, their elbow pointing forward.

–– That their palm of hand must face upwards to facilitate the wrist and

shoulder to relax, and have an easy running movement.

–– To keep their shoulder parallel to the run up.

–– To keep their hip high with body weight carried on the ball of the foot.

–– To have the javelin lined up approximatively parallel to the ground.

–– To increase constantly to the maximum controllable speed.

Let student teachers perform approach run individually. During practice of run up

approach, remind to:

–– Put a clear marker where five steps rhythm start to indicate student

teacher’s the area.

–– Tell student teachers continuing to increase constantly to the maximum

controllable speed by avoiding lengthening the stride.

Tell student teachers to do the following during approach run up and

carry:

–– Holding the javelin over the shoulder horizontally.

–– Maintaining the top of javelin at head height.

–– Holding the arm steadily with increasing running speed.

–– Accelerating until reaching the optimum speed.

Tell student teachers to do the following during stride rhythm and

delivery:

–– Execute the withdrawal action with impulse stride.

–– Carry out delivery, transition, power position and final arm movement.

–– Maintain the reserved legs.

–– Bend the right legs and lowering the upper body.

–– Swing the left leg backwards.

–– Move the foot of the brace leg to the foul line.

Remind student teachers to remember basics throwing principles for

javelin throw:

–– Involve the whole body.

–– Achieve a summation of forces.

–– Apply force in the direction of the throw.

–– Achieve a long range of motion.

–– Weight transfer.

Let student teachers perform techniques of throwing javelin individually by

making many trials in order to be familiarized with javelin throw, try to keep

security while throwing by giving enough space to the thrower in order to avoid

accidents.

Application activity

Let student teachers perform techniques of throwing javelin individually by

respecting different phases and record their performance with evaluating their

own progress. They can do this as a small competition. Remember to give

enough space to the thrower in order to avoid possible accident, which may

occur during throwing.

Cool down exercises

–– Let student teachers do light exercises and stretch their group of muscles

by insisting on most used parts.

–– Randomly, one of student teachers leads cool down exercises.

–– Guide them while stretching their muscles systematically.

–– Help them/demonstrate/correct where is necessary.

Closing discussion

Reflect

–– What are challenges/ advantages did you face while performing exercises

of javelin throw?

–– How did you proceed to perform those exercises?

Connect

–– What are conditions do you need throws like javelin?

Apply

–– What is the usefulness of javelin throw?

–– How will you use skills of javelin throw in your daily life?

Lesson 2: Techniques of throwing discus
a) Learning objective
Explain and perform techniques of throwing discus
b) Teaching resources
Field/playground/throwing area, watch, whistle, decametre, discus (for men
and women).
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better techniques of throwing discus in
athletics if they have developed basic techniques of throwing discus in Ordinary
Level and have performed basic physical exercises.
d) Learning activities
Opening discussions
• Ask questions related to throwing of discus and their techniques learned in
ordinary level.
• Let student teachers present their findings and introduce the new lesson.
• Invite student teachers to start warm up exercises.
Warm up exercises and cool down description
• Let student teachers perform general warm up exercises and specific
warm up based on the most used body’s parts to be used while performing
techniques of javelin throw and stretch their muscles properly.
• One student teacher leads warm up and stretching exercises.
e) Lesson development
Step 1: Gripping the implement
• Make preparation by holding the discus.
• Face back to the throwing direction.
• Bend knees slightly.
• Keep the weight on the balls of the feet.

• Keep arms nearly to the shoulder height.

Step 2: Foot placement, power position, release and recovery
• Make preparations with non-support.
• Provide support and maintain momentum.
• Deliver by the maintenance of power position (the right toe should clear
past the left foot before the athlete starts the sprint to the middle. The left
leg should stay low and fixed, ready to push off toward the front of the circle
the left arm will remain inside the knee and with the shoulders level to help
keep the body on balance) and acceleration.
• Recover with changing legs quickly after the release.
• Bend right leg and lower upper body.

• Swing the left leg backwards and keep eyes look down.

Remind student teachers that the influence on discus distance are the
following:
• Velocity of the discuss at release.
• Angle of release.
• Attitude angle or angle of tilt at the release.
• Wind direction and velocity.
Let student teachers perform techniques of throwing discus individually by
making many trials in order to be familiarized with discus throw, try to keep
security while throwing by giving enough space to the thrower in order to avoid

accidents.

Application activity
Let student teachers perform techniques of throwing discus individually and
record their performance with evaluating their own progress. They can do this
as a small competition. Remember to give enough space to the thrower in

order to avoid possible accident, which may occur during throwing.

Cool down exercises
–– Let student teachers do light exercises and stretch their group of muscles
by insisting on most used parts.
–– Randomly, one of student teachers leads cool down exercises.
–– Guide them while stretching their muscles systematically.

–– Help them/demonstrate/correct where is necessary.

Closing discussion
Reflect
–– What are challenges/benefits did you face while performing exercises of
discus throw?

–– How did you proceed to perform those exercises?

Connect

–– In which conditions do you need throw like discus?

Apply
–– What is the usefulness of discus throw?

–– How will you use skills of discus throw in your daily life?

Lesson 3: Techniques of throwing shot put
a) Learning objective
Explain and perform techniques of shot putting
b) Teaching resources
Field/playground/throwing area, watch, whistle, decametre, shot put (for men
and women).
c) Prerequisites/Revision/Introduction
Student teachers of year 3 will learn better techniques of shot putting in
athletics if they have developed basic techniques of shot putting in Ordinary
Level and have performed basic physical exercises.

accidents.

in order to avoid possible accident, which may occur during throwing.

–– Help them/demonstrate/correct where is necessary.

–– How did you proceed in order to perform techniques of those throws?

the angle of release.

The weight and length

the edge of the runway.

10-centimetre high toe-board at the front.

–– The athlete must exit the throwing circle from the back half of the circle.

weight of 1 kilogram and diameter of 18 centimetres.

district, league and National school sports federation.