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- END UNIT 1 ASSIGNMENTOpened: Saturday, 27 May 2023, 12:00 PMDue: Monday, 29 May 2023, 12:00 AM
UNIT 15:Probability
15.1 Vocabulary of chance
Activity 15.1Look at the vocabulary of chance. Read each of them.
What is the meaning of each of them? Use each of them to compare events.
Let us now do the following activities. Each activity has different events.
Occurrence of an event involves chance. You will learn the vocabulary ofchance for different events.
Activity 15.2
(a) Inside your class, what is there?
(i) Is it certain that there is a pupil?
(ii) Is it impossible to find a pupil in class?
(iii) Can you find a book in your class? Which vocabulary of chance
can you use? Certain or impossible?
(b) Go outside your classroom. What is there in your school?
Are you likely or unlikely to find the following? Explain.
• a tree • a lion • a bird • grass • a car
• a tea plant • a cow • a motor bike
• other things in your area(c) Toss a coin. What side is likely to face up? Head or tail.
Repeat several times, count the heads and tails.
(i) Does head and tail have equal chance to face up?
(ii) Is it possible to have both head and tail face up at once?
(iii) Is it likely to have either head or tail face up in a toss?
Which vocabulary of chance can you use here in (ii) and (iii)?
• Why do referees toss a coin before starting a football match? Discussyour answer.
Tip:
In tossing a coin, either head or tail face up.
(i) It is sure or certain to see either head or tail in a toss.
(ii) It is not possible to have both head and tail face up at once in a toss.
It is impossible for a coin to face up and give outcome of both head and
tail at once.
(iii) It is equally likely to see either tail or head in a toss. Both head and
tail have equal chance.
(iv) When tossing a coin several times, it is unlikely to observe heads onlyor tails only. It is likely you will observe heads and tails.
Practice Activity 15.1
Use the correct vocabulary of chance in each of the following sentences.
Discuss your answers.
1. In a museum, you are ___ to see preserved animals.
2. In animal park, you are ___ to see a wild animal in cage.
3. Inside your class, it is ___ to see a living lion lying next to you.
4. It is ___ to see a bird flying by your school.5. It is ___ that you have tails only in several tosses of the coin.
15.2 Conducting experiments and chances
You have tossed a coin in Activity 15.2. This is an example of simple
experiment involving chance. Every experiment is such that the results are
predictable. Results are called outcomes. The outcomes for tossing a coinare heads or tails. Let us now do more experiments of chance.
Activity 15.3
• Toss a coin 20 times. Record the results in the table below. Forexample, if in 1st throw, head faces up, then tick (
) head in table.
• Count the total number of heads and write this in the total. Count
the total number of tails and write this in the total.
Compare your results with the other groups.
1. What are the chances of getting a tail in a throw? Explain.
2. What are the chances of getting a head in a throw? Explain.
3. When you toss a coin, which side is likely to face up? Why?
4. Does the outcome depend on what was observed previously? Why?
Fill in the table below by ticking the appropriate box. Discuss youranswer.
Tip:
• When tossing a coin once,
The chances of getting a head or tail = Outcome observed
Total possible outcomes.
When you toss a coin, it is either head or tail that faces up.
• In tossing a coin several times,
The chances of getting a head = Number of heads observedTotal possible outcomes
Activity 15.4Toss a dice 48 times and record the outcomes.
For example, if after 48 tosses, 1 faces up four times, record as below.
• Find the totals for each number. Using the result from your table,
make a bar graph.
• Compare your results as a class. Add the results from all the class
members for each number. Make a table, and draw a bar graph from
the table.
• Discuss the following:
(a) Find the chances of rolling:
(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 6
(b) Do some scores have better chances than others?
(i) What is the chance of getting an even number?
(ii) What is the chance of getting an odd number?
(iii) Is getting an even number more likely than getting an odd
number?
Tip:
Chance of getting a number when throwing dice once= Score observed
Total possible scores = 1/6.
Chance of getting a score when=Results for a score
Total results recordedthrowing a dice many times.
Activity 15.5Take a bottle top and throw it twenty times. Record the results.
Compare your results with the rest of the class.
Discuss the following:
• Does the bottle top behave the same way as the coin?• Why does it behave that way? Explain.
Practice Activity 15.2
1. In an activity, a pupil tossed a coin once.
(i) What was the possible outcome?
(ii) What was the chance of a head facing up?
2. In an experiment, a group toss a coin 20 times. They recorded the
results below. For head facing up, they recorded H. For tail facing up,they recorded T.
(i) Find the total number of heads (H) that faced up.
(ii) Find the total number of tails (T) that faced up.
(iii) What was the chance of getting the head (H)?
(iv) Find the chance of getting the tail (T).(v) Did the result of the previous toss affect the next result?
3. In an experiment, two pupils toss a dice 48 times. They recorded theirresults as below.
(i) Represent the data on a bar graph.
(ii) Which face had the highest chance of showing up? What was its
chance?
(iii) Which face showed up the least? What was the chance of getting
it?
(iv) What was the chance of getting the face 5? Discuss your answer.
4. A bottle top was tossed 10 times. The results for facing up or facingdown are below.
(i) What was the total number of results observed?
(ii) Find the total number for bottle top facing down.
(iii) Find the total number of bottle top facing up.
(iv) Does tossing a bottle top give a fair chance to either face? Why?Explain your answer
Revision Activity 15
1. A pupil went to bathe by a river. Use vocabulary of chance to fill in
the following.
(i) It is ___ he will wet his body. (certain, unlikely)
(ii) It is ___ he will bathe without getting wet. (certain, impossible)
(iii) It is ___ he will use soap. (unlikely, likely)
(iv) It is ___ that he will wet and then dry his body. (equally likely,
unlikely)(v) It is ___ that he will bathe without soap. (likely, unlikely)
2. Eric and Olive conducted an experiment. They tossed a coin ten times.They recorded their results below.
shows the result that was observed at each throw
(i) How many times did heads faced up?
(ii) How many times did tails faced up?
(iii) Find the total times heads and tails faced up. Explain your
steps.
(iv) What was the chance of getting a head?
(v) What was the chance of getting a tail?
(vi) Was it possible to have both head and tail at once in a toss?
What was the chance of having both a head and a tail at once?
Discuss your answer.
(vii) If a bottle top was used, would the results be the same? Explain
your answer.(viii) Tell the importance of learning probability.
Word list
Vocabulary of chance Likely Unlikely Equally likely
Even chance Sure Impossible Toss a coin
Toss a dice Toss a bottle top Experiment
Task
Do the following.
(i) Read each word aloud to your friend.
(ii) Write the meaning of each of the words above. Discuss with your friend.(iii) Write sentences using each of the words above. Read with your friend.