Course: P1: Physical Education and Sport ( Teachers Guide))

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Igice cya mbere: Intangiriro rusange
Igice cya mbere: Intangiriro rusange
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Igice cya mbere: Intangiriro rusange
- 1.0 Iriburiro
  Iki gitabo ni inyoborabarezi igenewe umwarimu wigisha mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri abanza. Ni imwe mu mfashanyigisho zigomba kumworohereza kwigisha inyigisho z’Igororangingo na Siporo. Iyi nyoborabarezi ni iya mwarimu kandi ikaba irimo n’imfashamyigire y’umunyeshuri. Ni yo mpamvu umwarimu ayikoresha yonyine. Yanditswe ihereye ku nteganyanyigisho y’Igororangingo na Siporo ishingiye ku bushobozi yateguwe n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) mu mwaka wa 2015. Nk’uko izina ryayo ribivuga, ni inyoborabarezi mwarimu yifashisha igihe ategura Amasomo ye. Abarimu bashobora guhitamo imyitozo n’imikino iri muri iyi nyoborabarezi, ariko bashobora no kwishakira indi ijyanye n’ikigero cy’abanyeshuri bafite cyane cyane banakurikije aho Ishuri riherereye.
  1.1 Imiterere y’igitabo
  iki gitabokigaragaza ishusho rusange y’iyi nyoborabarezi. Imitwe n’amasomo uko biteye bifasha abarimu mu gusobanukirwa ibice bitandukanye bigize iyi nyoborabarezi n’ibyo basanga muri buri gice.
  1.1.1 Imiterere rusange
  Iyi nyoborabarezi igizwe n’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi bukurikira:
  Igice cya mbere: Intangiriro rusange
  Iki gice kigaragaza uburyo Ubushobozi rusange butezwa imbere, uburyo insanganyamatsiko zigishirizwa mu masomo, uburyo abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye mu myigire bitabwaho, uburyo bwo kwigisha Igororangingo na siporo n’uburyo isuzuma rikorwa.
  Igice cya kabiri: Ingero z’imbata y’isomo ntangarugero
  Iki gice kigaragaza urugero rw’imbata yisomo ntangarugero riteguwe kugira ngo rizafashe abarimu mu gutegura amasomo y’Igororagingo na siporo.
  Igice cya gatatu: Uko umutwe w’isomo uteye
  Iki ni igice cy’ingenzi cyane muri iyi nyoborabarezi kuko kigaragaza imiterere ya buri mutwe.
  1.1.2Imiterere y’umutwe
  Buri mutwe ugizwe n’ibice bikurikira:
  a. Izina ry’umutwe: ukurwa mu nteganyanyigisho.
  b. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe:
  Ubu bushobozi bwubakira ku bumenyi umunyeshuri agenda yunguka buhoro buhoro bugaragarira mu bumenyi, mu bumenyingiro (ibyo ashobora gukora) ndetse no mu bukesha.
  c. Ubushobozi shingiro (Ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha)
  Iki gice kigaragaza Ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro, n’ubukesha byangombwa kugira ngo ikigamijwe kwigwa mu mutwe kigerweho. Ubu buryo bushingiye k’ubushobozi bugaragarira hagati y’imitwe ndetse n’andi masomo atandukanye. Mwarimu azabona ibihamya by’ubwo bushobozi bw’ibanze ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubuhuza.
  d. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo zitabwaho
  Iki gice kigaragaza ingingo nsanganyamasomo zitabwaho bitewe n’ibigize umutwe. Buri mwarimu aba ashobora guhitamo ingingo runaka nsanganyamasomo ahereye aho abana bigira n’ibyo bari kwiga.
  e. Urutonde rw’amasomo
  Iki gice kigaragaza mu mbonerahamwe urutonde rw’amasomo, intego z’amasomo nk’uko zigaragara mu ntegenyanyigisho cyangwa se zajyanishijwe n’amasomo n’igihe buri somo rimara. Buri somo noneho rigategurwa.
  f. Isuzuma risoza umutwe
  Iki gice kigaragaza uburyo isuzuma risoza umutwe rikorwa mu buryo bufatika.
  Kigaragaramo nanone imyitozo cyangwa ibikorwa, ndetse n’ibigenderwaho cyane.
  Ibyo ni:
  Ubumenyingiro nyurabwenge: Gushishoza, gufata mu mutwe, Gusubiza ibibazo
  ubumenyingiro mu rwego rwa tekiniki z’imikino. Urugero: Kunaga umupira, gusama umupira guhanahana umupira n’ibindi..;
  Ibijyanye n’imbamutima nko kwigirira icyizere, no kumva utekanye
  Ubumenyingiro mu mibanire n’abandi nko gufashanya, gukorera hamwe
  n’ubumwe
  Ubukesha: Urugero: kumva ko byose bishoboka, kwigirira ikizere, kubaha no
  kutagira aho ubogamira.
  g. Imyitozo/ imikino y’inyongera
  Iki gice gikubiyemo imikino/imyitozo y’inyongera ya mwarimu kugira ngo agire imyitozo n’imikino bihagije.
  Imyitozo nzamurabushobozi ku banyeshuri bakemeye ubufasha mu myigire
  Imyitozo nyagurabushobozi ku banyeshuri bagarargaza impano zidasanzwe
  Igitabo cy’Umwarimu, Umwaka wa Mbere w’Amashuri abanza
  1.1.3 Imiterere ya buri somo
  buri somo rigizwe n’ibice bikurikira
  a. Izina ry’isomo
  b. Ubushobozi Shingiro
  Iki gice kigizwe n’amabwiriza ahabwa mwarimu uko atangira isomo
  c. Imfashanyigisho
  Iki gice kigaragaza ibikoresho mwarimu akoresha yigisha n’ibyo abanyeshuri bakoresha bikenewe kugira ngo intego z’isomo zigerweho. Abarimu bashishikarizwa gusimbuza ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitaboneka hakurikijwe aho Ishuri riherereye.
  d. Intangiriro
  e. Isomo nyirizina
  f. Isuzuma
  1.2 Akamaro k’Inyigisho y’Igororangingo na Siporo
  Inyigisho y’Igororangingo na Siporo ifite akamaro mu iterambere rusange ry’umwana:
  Mu byerekeye umubiri: iyi nyigisho ifasha mu mikurire myiza y’umubiri (imikurire y’imikaya, ukwaguka k’urusobe nyoboramaraso, ubuhehere bw’urusobe mpumekero, guhuza no kwihuta kw’imiyego), ituma kandi haba kwirinda no gukosora ibibazo birebana n’imikorere y’umubiri.
  Ku byerekeye ubwenge: umwana yunguka ubumenyi n’ububasha buhanitse bwo gutuza, aritegereza, akibuka, agakora igerageza, agategura uburyo, agasuzuma,agafata ibyemezo.
  • Ku byerekeye imbamutima: umwana avumbura muri we uburyo bushya bwo kwitwara mu buzima, yigirira icyizere kandi agahorana akanyamuneza.
  • Ku bijyanye n’imibanire ye n’abandi: umwana yifuza gukorana n’abandi. Mu mikino aharanira kunononsora imyitwarire n’ubushobozi mu gushyikirana, gukorana no kugira imibanire myiza n’abandi.
  Imikino na siporo biha abana urubuga rwo guteza imbere no kubungabunga ubuzima n’imibereho myiza byabo: mu mikino, abana bavumbura ko bagomba kwiyitaho no kwita kuri bagenzi babo.
  Igororangingo na siporo ni uburyo bugira uruhare rukomeye mu kuremarema ubumuntu kuko bituma umwana yigirira ikizere. Bituma kandi arushaho kwimenya, kwiziga, kubahiriza amategeko, kwikuzamo ubushake, ubutwari no gushyikirana n’abandi.
  Iyi nyigisho ituma havumburwa abana bato bafite impano zihariye mu igororangingo na siporo bityo bakaba bafashwa mu kuziteza imbere.
  Gahunda y’imikino iteguwe neza hakurikije imyaka y’abana ituma abana bagira ubushobozi bunyuranye nko kubaha, ubunyangamugayo, ukumvikana, ugushyikirana, ubwuzu, gushaka umuti w’ibibazo, kumva amategeko n’uburyo bwo kuyubahiriza n’ibindi. Uko gutera imbere gufasha abana, imiryango babamo kimwe n’isi yose.
  Insinzi mu mikino na siporo ni isoko yo kwiyizera. Iki kizere gituma umwana atera imbere mu zindi nyigisho kabone n’iyo yaba asanzwe azigaragazamo umusaruro udashimishije.
  Iyo abarimu bakunze gukina n’abanyeshuri, gahunda y’imikino yongera ubusabane, ubwisanzure, umushyikirano, hagati y’umunyeshuri na mwarimu.
  Imikino na siporo biha abanyeshuri umwanya mwiza wo kuruhuka nyuma y’amasomo asa n’ananiza
  1.3 Amahame ngenderwaho mu myigishirize y’Igororangingo na Siporo
  Ihame rijyanye n’iterambere rusange ry’umwana: Isomo ry’imikino na siporo rikozwe neza rigomba kugira uruhare mu iterambere rusange ry’umwana: iterambere ry’umubiri n’ubwenge, iterambere ry’imbamutima n’iry’imibanire n’abandi.
  Ihame ryo kubahiriza imyaka n’ikigero k’imikurire y’umwana:Ihitamo ry’imikino na siporo rigomba kugendera ku myaka abana bagezemo. Tumenye ko ugutsinda mu mikino bigize isoko yo kwishima kw’abana. Abana bakunda gutsindwa bashobora kwigunga ntibagaragaze ukwiyizera. Ni ngombwa ariko ko hateganywa ibikorwa bishya kuko imikino yoroshye cyane idashishikaza abana.
  Ihame ryo kutavangura: Abana bose bafite inyungu muri gahunda y’imikino na siporo hatitawe ku buhanga, igitsina n’ibindi…Uburyo bwose bw’ivangura bugomba kuvaho.
  Hagomba kandi ubushishozi ku byerekeye abana bafite ubumuga haba ubw’umubiri cyangwa ubwo mu mutwe: abo bana na bo bafite uburenganzira bwo gukina imikino na siporo. Ni ngombwa rero gutekereza ku ngamba zakoreshwa hatoranywa imikino na siporo bigomba gukinwa n’abana bafite ubumuga.
  Ihame rirebana n’umutekano w’umubiri n’imbamutima.
  Mu mikino na siporo hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Abarimu cyangwa abandi bayobora imikino bagomba gufata ingamba zo kurinda abana, bita ku mutekano wabo ku bijyanye n’umubiri ndetse n’imbamutima.
  Ihame rirebana n’ubwuzuzanye bw’amasomo
  Isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo rifitanye isano idasubirwaho n’andi masomo. Nk’uko byavuzwe mu ngingo zibanza, iri somo rituma umwana aruhuka, rimwongerera icyizere, riteza imbere gutuza n’ibindi. Ibi byose bigira uruhare mu kwiga no gutsinda neza muri rusange.
  Byongeye kandi, abarimu bashobora kwiyambaza imikino mu ntangiriro y’isomo, cyangwa se no mu isomo hagati bagamije gushimangira ubumenyi bw’ibyigwa Igitabo cy’Umwarimu, Umwaka wa Mbere w’Amashuri abanza xiii binyuranye (indimi, ubumenyi, imibare,…) cyangwa bashaka gukangura abana igihe babona bahondobera.
  Ihame ry’imbonezamukino no kugira uruhare mu mikino :
  Abana bose yemwe n’abafite ubushobozi buke bagomba gushishikarizwa gukina, bityo ntihabe indorerezi gusa ; kuko n’ubusanzwe ikigamijwe mu nyigisho z’igororangingo na siporo ni ugukina hatitawe k’ugutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa.
  1.4 Imyigire n’imyigishirize y’Igororangingo na Siporo
  1.4.1 Imyigishirize ishingiye ku bushobozi
  Guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 mu mashuri y’inshuke, abanza n’ayisumbuye u Rwanda rwasezereye imyigire n’imyigishirize yari ishingiye ahanini ku bumenyi rwinjira mu myigire n’imyigishirize ishingiye ku bushobozi bukomatanya ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha. Bityo imyigire n’imyigishirize yahaga umwarimu umwanya munini isimburwa n’imyigire n’imyigishirize iha abanyeshuri uruhare runini. N’imyigire iha umunyeshuri ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha bimufasha gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize no gutanga ibisubizo by’ibibazo ahura na byo mu buzima bwe n’ubw’abandi.
  Mu myigire ishingiye ku bushobozi abanyeshuri ni bo bahabwa uruhare runini mu myigire yabo. Umwarimu ahera ku byo abanyeshuri basanzwe bazi kandi bafitiye ubushobozi, akabafasha kuvumbura ibindi bungurana ibitekerezo mu matsinda yabo. Iyo abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda umwarimu agenda abayobora atanga ubufasha ku babukeneye. Iyo barangije kungurana ibitekerezo mu matsinda, bamurika ibyo bagezeho, nyuma bagafatanya n’umwarimu kunonosora iby’ingenzi basigarana.
  Abanyeshuri ntibagomba gufatwa nk’aho nta cyo bazi. Umwarimu ntagomba kumva ko ari we ufite ubumenyi agomba kubapakiramo.
  Ikindi, usibye ubushobozi avana mu isomo, umunyeshuri agira Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo aribwo buzamufasha mu buzima bwe. Iki gitabo cy’umwaka wa mbere w’Amashuri Abanza iteguye ku buryo hagaragaramo ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo bukurikira: Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo, Guhanga udushya, Ubushakashatsi, Gusabana mu ndimi zemewe gukoreshwa mu gihugu, ubufatanye, imibanire ikwiye n’abandi n’ubumenyingiro mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi.
  Mu bibazo byo mu kiganiro gitangira no mu kiganiro gisoza bisaba umunyeshuri gutekereza byimbitse, bimufasha gukemura ibibazo ahuye na byo yifashishije ibyo yize. Mu bisubizo by’ibyo bibazo ni ho ubushobozi bwo gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo bugaragarira. Ahandi ubwo bushobozi bugaragarira ni mu myitozo ikomeye aho umunyeshuri agerageza kwishakamo Ubushobozi kugira ngo ayikore n’ubwo yaba igoranye. Ni mu gihe kandi kuko biba ari ibibazo bituma abanyeshuri batekereza cyane uburyo bakemura ibibazo bashobora guhura na byo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
  Muri iyi nyoborabarezi kandi hakubiyemo imyitozo yo guhanga iha abanyeshuri urubuga rwo guhanga indi myitozo cyangwa imikino. Iyi myitozo ni yo ituma abanyeshuri bimakaza umuco wo guhanga udushya.
  Ubushakashatsi buzagaragarira ku makuru no ku bumenyi busanzweho no gusobanura ibintu ahereye ku makuru yakusanyije agenda abona ku nyakiramashusho zitandukanye zerekana Igororangingo na siporo.Abanyeshuri basabana kandi mu Kinyarwanda igihe bakina cyangwa bakora imyitozo itandukanye bajya impaka cyangwa bungurana ibitekerezo na bagenzi babo. Umwarimu agomba kubafasha kungurana ibitekerezo igihe cyose baba bari mu matsinda n’igihe bari mu biganiro bitangira cyangwa bisoza umukino.
  Hakubiyemo kandi imyitozo cyangwa imikino isaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda anyuranye. Iyi myitozo ituma abanyeshuri bagira ubufatanye, imibanire ikwiye n’abandi n’ubumenyi ngiro mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Mu gihe umunyeshuri akina, akora imyitozo, asabwa kandi na mwarimu kujya akora imyitozo no gukina n’abandi haba murugo, aho batuye cyangwa se ahandi bashobora guhurira agakina na bagenzi be. Iyi myitozo ni yo imufasha kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi. Iyo umwarimu yigisha agomba kwita ku myitozo ikubiyemo ubu bushobozi nsanganyamasomo kugira ngo intego zabwo zigerweho.
  1.4.2 Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Mu bindi byahindutse muri iyi nteganyanyigisho ivuguruye ni ingingo nsanganyamasomo zashyizwemo kandi zikaba zigomba kwigishwa mu masomo yose. Izo ngingo nsanganyamasomo zashyizwe mu nteganyanyigisho nshya ni umunani ari zo: kwita ku bidukikije, uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye, ubuzima bw’imyororokere, umuco w’amahoro, Umuco wo kuzigama, ubuziranenge n’uburezi budaheza. Zimwe mu ngingo nsanganyamasomo usanga zihariye ku cyigwa runaka cyangwa ku somo runaka, ariko mwarimu akeneye kuzikomozaho mu myitozo cyangwa imikino igihe cyose uburyo bubonetse. Ikindi, mu gihe umunyeshuri ari kwiga, ahabwa umwanya, yaba ari mu ishuri cyangwa atari mu ishuri, wo guteza imbere umuco cyangwa ubukesha bijyanye n’izo ngingo nsanganyamasomo.
  Iyi mbonerahamwe iragaragaza uburyo ingingo nsanganayasomo zagerwaho mu Igororangingo na siporo:
  
  1.4.3 Kwita ku banyeshuri bafite ubumuga n’ibindi byihariye bikwiye kwitabwaho
  Abana cyangwa abantu bafite ubumuga ntibagira amahirwe angana mu miryango. Ku bijyanye n’imikino na siporo, usanga abo bana bahabwa akato bafatwa nk’abo kogeza abandi aho kuba abakinnyi kimwe n’abandi. Ubu bimaze kugaragara ko imikino na siporo bifitiye akamaro abantu bafite ubumuga, haba ku mubiri, mu bwenge, ku mbamutima no mu mitekerereze.
  Ni iyihe myitwarire ikwiye?
  Kugira ngo abana babana n’ubumuga bagire uruhare rugaragara mu mikino na siporo, inama zikurikira zafasha abarimu / abayobora imikino:
  Gufata “Siporo ishingiye ku bushobozi” nk’ihame ngenderwaho. Ibi bituma wibanda cyane ku byo abana bashobora gukora ukaba wanahindura imikino n’imyitozo by’abana bafite ubumuga.
  Kwirinda guhangarikishwa no kuba uri kumwe n’abantu bafite ubumuga. Irinde kwibwira ko byanze bikunze bakeneye inkunga yawe. Bareke bikorere ubwabo ibyo bashoboye ubahe umwanya bivugire ubwabo.
  Kwirinda guha akato abana bafite ubumuga: iyo bigana n’abana badafite ubumuga, ni byiza kubareka bagakinira hamwe n’abandi. Icyo gihe ariko wirinda kubasaba ibintu byinshi birenze ubushobozi bwabo.
  Ni iki cyahindurwa?
  Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ihezwa ry’abana bafite ubumuga rimwe na rimwe ushobora kubareka bagakina imikino imwe n’abandi; byose biterwa n’uburemere bw’ubumuga bafite. Iyo ibyo bidashobotse mwarimu ashakisha ibyo yahindura kugira ngo abonere umuti ibibazo byihariye by’abana afite imbere ye. Aha twavuga: guhindura ingano y’ikibuga, ibikoresho n’igihe umukino umara.
  Dore ingero y’ibishobora guhinduka:
  Guhindura uruhare rw’abakinnyi n’amategeko y’umukino:
  Koroshya cyangwa gukomeza umukino uhindura amategeko amwe
  Gukinisha abana uhindura inshingano z’abakinnyi ku myanya itandukanye y’umukino
  Kureka abana bagakina mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero gukina bicaye aho
  Gukina bahagaze
  Koroshya ibyo dutegereje ku mukino
  Koroshya amabwiriza y’umukino
  Guhindura ingano y’ikibuga k’imikino:
  Guhindura ubuso bw’ikibuga wongera cyangwa ugabanya.
  Guhindura intera ibikoresho bigaragaza imbibi z’ikibuga biriho. Urugero : kwigiza igikoresho imbere.
  Guhindura ingano y’igikoresho. Urugero : kugabanya amazamu akaba mato
  Gusiga umwanya muto cyangwa munini hagati y’abakinnyi
  Kureka abana bakagenda ahantu hanyuranye mu kibuga cy’imikino.
  Guhindura ibikoresho:
  Kugabanya ubunini cyangwa uburemere bw’ibikoresho
  Guhitamo imipira iboshye mu bintu binyuranye, ifite amabara agaragara cyangwa itanga urusaku.
  Guhindura igihe umukino umara
  Kugabanya cyangwa kongera igihe cyagenewe umukino
  Ibikwiye kwitabwaho igihe cyo guhindura umukino?
  Igihe bibaye ngombwa ko uhindura umukino ukwiye kwibaza ibi bikurikira :
  Ese guhindura ntibyatuma umukino ubiha ? Uzamba ?
  Guhindura bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abana n’igihe bamara bashikamye bashishikariye igikorwa?
  Umwana ufite ubumuga azabasha gukina hamwe n’abandi?
  Umukino ujyanye n’ikigero cy’abana?
  Umukino uhuye n’ibyo abana bakeneye?
  Icyo wakorera abana bafite ubumuga bwihariye
  Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana zimwe mu mpinduka wakorera abana bafite ubumuga bwihariye
  
  Uko washishikariza abakobwa kwitabira Inyigisho y’Igororangingo
  Kangurira abakobwa gukinano kujya mu myanya y’ubuyobozi
  Ha ibikoresho n’igihe kingana, abahungu n’abakobwa igihe bakina.
  Tanga imyitozo yihariye ku bakobwa gusa niba ubona ari ngombwa
  Ha agaciro ibitekerezo by’abakobwa
  Koresha imvugo idaca intege abakobwa kandi urwanye imvugo ipfobya abakobwa
  Shima abakobwa bagaragaza neza muri siporo
  Shishikariza ababyeyi gushyigikira umukobwa wabo muri siporo.
  1.4.4 Isuzumabumenyi mu isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo
  Isuzumabumenyi rikorwa ryari?
  Isuzumabumenyi rishobora gukorwa mbere yo gutangira isomo rishya hagamijwe gusuzuma ubushobozi shingiro. Ni ryo bita isuzuma ritata. Bene iryo suzuma rituma mwarimu avumbura abanyeshuri bafite ubumenyi/ubushobozi bikwiye n’abafite intege nke. Isuzuma rishobora gukorwa mu gihe isomo ritangwa kugira ngo hasuzumwe intambwe abana bagenda batera uko imikino igenda ikurikirana. Iri suzuma ni ryo bita isuzuma nyigisha
  Hasuzumwa iki?
  Mwarimu agomba kumenya uko abana bateza imbere ubumenyi, ubushobozi, indangagaciro n’imyitwarire byabo.
  Muri rusange, igihe mwarimu yigisha abana, agomba gusuzuma imikurire rusange yabo ashingiye ku ngingo zitandukanye. Hagomba rero gusuzumwa ubushobozi butandukanye:
  Ubushobozi mu bwenge : gutuza no kuguma ku kintu kimwe atarangaye, gufata mu mutwe, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza mbere ikigiye kuba no gukemura ibibazo.
  Ubushobozi mu rwego rwa tekiniki z’imikino: kunaga umupira, kuwusama, kuwuhereza abandi n’ibindi ;
  Ibyo umwana ashimwa birebana n’imbamutima nko kwiyizera no kumva atekanye;
  Ubushobozi bwo kubana neza n’abandi nko gufatanya no gushyira hamwe n’abandi;
  Imyitwarire n’indangagaciro nko kwizera ko ibintu bizaba byiza, kwiyizera, kubahana, ubutabera.
  By’umwihariko, mwarimu asuzuma uko abana babashije kugera ku ntego yari igamijwe mu mikino/umwitozo. Hagomba gusuzumwa n’ubundi bumenyi bwitaweho hasubizwa
  ibibazo bishoboka bikurikira :
  Ese abana bateza imbere ubushobozi mu mikino?
  Ese bashoboye kumva ingingo zaganiweho zirebana n’umukino?
  Ese bashobora guhuza ibyo bize n’ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi mu miryango yabo cyangwa mu nshuti zabo?
  Kwitegereza no kumva abana bituma mwarimu amenya niba bumvise neza ibyo yigishije.
  Gukora isuzumabumenyi byungura abana, abarimu ndetse n’ikigo cy’ishuri.
  1.4.5 Gutegura no kwigisha isomo ry’ igororangingo na siporo
  Gutegura isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo
  Kuki ari ngombwa gutegura isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo?
  Gutegura neza isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo ni ngombwa kuko bituma:
  Hagaragara ireme ry’ibyigwa byahiswemo: umurezi yibaza niba ibyo bagiye gukora bijyanye n’ imyaka n’ikigero cy’abana, niba imikino bagiye gukora iteguye ku buryo bworoshye, ibashimishije kandi nta mpanuka yateza, cyangwa se na none niba ijyanye neza n’ibice binyuranye by’isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo?
  Umwarimu ashobora guhitamo neza uburyo bw’imyigishirize, ategurira ku gihe ibikoresho n’ikibuga bijyanye n’ibikorwa yahisemo.
  Umwarimu afata ingamba zo gukumira ibibazo byaterwa n’imyitwarire mibi mu isomo ari nako ashaka uko yakoroshya isomo ku buryo rishimisha abana.
  Mwarimu yiyumvamo icyizere kuko azi icyo akora n’uburyo agikoramo ngo agere ku musaruro ushimishije.
  Ibice by’ingenzi by’isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo
  Isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo rigizwe n’ibice bikurikira:
  a. Intangiriro (Kwisuganya)
  Muri iki gice umwarimu agenzura uko ubuzima bw’abana buhagaze (niba hari abarwaye), imyambarire yabo, ibikoresho n’uko ikibuga giteye. Iyo iki gice kirangiye abana bahurira ku kibuga biteguye gutangira isomo.
  Iyo ari isomo ry’imikino mwarimu abaza ibibazo biganisha ku mukino w’ibanze bigatuma abana batangirana amatsiko n’ubushake ibyigwa bishya. Mwarimu abwira abana izina ry’umukino mbere yo gutangira igice gikurikiraho.
  b. Kwishyushya
  Kwishyushya ni umwitozo woroshye utegura umubiri ku yindi myitozo ikomeye.
  Imyitozo yo kwishyushya ifite akamaro ko gutegura imyanya y’umubiri inyuranye mbere yo gutangira imyitozo ikomeye: imyanya nyoboramaraso (umutima), imyanya mpumekero (ibihaha), imikaya, n’imyanya mpuzangingo.
  Imyitozo yo kwishyushya yibanda ku bice by’umubiri biri bukore cyane mu gice cy’isomo ubwaryo. Iyo iyi myitozo ikozwe neza, ifasha mu kwirinda no kugabanya impanuka z’umubiri: imikaya ishyushye irinda impanuka z’umubiri kurusha imikaya ikonje. Imyitozo yo kwishyushya ikurikirwa n’imyitozo yo kunanura ingingo. Umutwe wa 2 ku gika cya 2.1 cy’iki gitabo utanga ingero z’imikino yo gushyushya umubiri.
  Kwishyushya kugizwe n’ibice bitatu:
  Harimo umukino w’umuvuduko w’amaraso, izamura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri, ikongera umuvuduko w’itera ry’umutima no guhumeka. Urugero: hari ukwiruka, gusimbuka uhagaze hamwe no kugenda uzamura cyane amaguru.
  Harimo umukino ugamije gukangura ingingo ziza gukora cyane mu gihe cy’isomo nyirizina.
  Harimo umukino wo kunanura ingingo wongera itembera ry’amaraso agana mu mikaya. Uwo mukino ushyushya kandi ukanaruhura imikaya.
  Imyitozo yo kwishyushya igomba :
  kuba uburyo busanzwe bwo gutangira buri mwitozo ngororangingo. Ni ngombwa gufata igihe gihagije cyo kwishyushya;
  kubahiriza ihame ryo guhera ku byoroshye ujya ku bikomeye : ni ukuvuga gutangira buhoro kandi mu buryo bworoshye, ukagenda wongera buhoro buhoro umuvuduko n’umurego;
  kwibanda ku bice by’umubiri biri bukenerwe mu mwitozo ukurikiraho. Urugero nk’iyo umwitozo uteganyijwe ari kwiruka basimburana, igice cyo hasi (amaguru) ni cyo kigomba kwibandwaho by’umwihariko;
  kuba ishimishije: Gerageza guhindura uburyo bwo kwishyushya. Koresha cyane imikino mu mwanya wo gukora imyitozo isanzwe. Ushobora no kubara inkuru iherekeje umwitozo wo kwishyushya. Ibi bizatuma abana bakinana akanyamuneza.
  Isomo ubwaryo
  Ni igice K’ingenzi kigize isomo kuko ari igihe cyo gukora imyitozo cyangwa imikino nyabyo kugira ngo intego y’isomo igerweho. Iki gice gifata hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri K’igihe giteganyirijwe isomo ryose. Iyo ari isomo ry’imikino, mwarimu asobanura neza amategeko agenga umukino, akerekera abana maze akabaha urubuga bagakina.
  Muri iki gice, hateganyijwe kandi imyitozo yo kuruhura umubiri: imyitozo yo kugenda buhoro igarura ituze kandi ikoresha ibice byose by’umubiri kugira ngo umubiri usubire ku njyana isanzwe y’ubuzima.
  Isuzuma
  Isuzuma mu isomo ry’igororangingo na siporo rikorwa mu gihe abanyeshuri bakora imyitozo cyangwa barimo bakina. Muri iki gice k’isuzuma, binyujijwe mu biganiro, mwarimu abaza abana ibibazo kugira ngo nabo bikorere isuzuma ubwabo kandi batange n’ibitekerezo binyuranye byerekana ubumenyingiro bakuye mu mukino cyangwa imyitozo bakoze.
  Ikiganiro gisoza isomo
  Iki gice gikurikira inzira ikurikira: « Kuganira ku mukino - Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe-Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho y’umukino».
  Iyi nzira ishingiye ku mibereho y’uwiga ikaba ifitanye isano n’imyigishirize igezweho iha uruhare runini uwiga. Gishingiye ku bumenyingiro birebana n’imyigishirize ibangutse ireba umwigishwa.
  Iki kiganiro gituma umwana agereranya ibyakozwe mu mukino n’ubuzima bwe arimo ndetse n’ubw’ejo hazaza. Abarimu bakangurira abana gutekereza ku byo bize bakabigereranya n’ibyo basanzwe bazi bakaba banabikora mu buzima busanzwe nyuma y’amasomo y’igororangingo na Siporo.
  Igihe mwarimu ayobora ikiganiro ku mukino bamaze gukina, ashobora kwifashisha ibibazo bikurikira: Murumva mumeze mute? Mwiyumvisemo iki? Mwabonye iki kuri bagenzi banyu? Ibibazo byo muri iki gice bitangizwa buri gihe na: « Mu gihe mwakinaga…»
  Kugira ngo umwarimu ayobore neza agace ko «Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe» ashobora kubaza ibibazo bikurikira: Ni iyihe sano uyu mukino ufitanye n’ibyo musanzwe muzi, ibyo musanzwe mwemera cyangwa ibyo musanzwe mwiyumvamo? Ese birashimangira imyumvire yanyu? Ibibazo byo guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe bitangizwa akenshi na: «Mu bihe byahise…»
  Igihe cy’ “Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho y’umukino”: umwarimu abaza ibibazo bikurikira: Ni gute mwakoresha ibyo mwize muri iki gikorwa? Ni gute mwakoresha ubumenyi bwanyu bushya ngo mwebwe ubwanyu, abandi n’imiryango mubamo bakuremo inyungu? Ibibazo byo muri iki gice bikunze gutangizwa n’aya magambo: «Ubutaha igihe uzaba uri mu bihe nk’ibi….»
  Ubu Buryo butuma umunyeshuri atekereza ku gikorwa 0akora, afatanya n’abandi kandi agashyira mu bikorwa ingingo z’ingenzi yize. Ubu buryo buturuka mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bijyanye n’imyigire (Kolb, 1984).
  Kubika ibikoresho
  Abanyeshuri babishinzwe begeranya ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bakabishyikiriza mwarimu.
  1.4,6 Inama zirebana n’imyigishirize y’Igororangingo na siporo
  Mbere y’uko isomo ritangira
  Kugera aho isomo ribera mbere y’uko ritangira.
  Gutegura ibikoresho bikenewe mu mikino yose no gutegura ikibuga ugendeye ku bikenewe mu mukino/umwitozo ubanza.
  Guhitamo uko bari butangire ukurikije umukino: kujya ku mirongo ikozwe mu kajagari, ku mirongo myinshi, ku murongo umwe inyuma y’undi, ku ruziga, ku cya kabiri cy’uruziga.
  Kwakira neza abo ugiye kwigisha no gukora ku buryo isomo ritangwa mu byishimo.
  Igihe isomo ritangiye
  Gutangirira ku gihe, niyo abana bamwe baba badahari.
  Gukora ibishoboka kugira ngo abana bahite bakorana umurava.
  Igihe isomo ririmo ryigwa
  Kuyobora Itsinda
  Kwifashisha udukoresho dukangurira/dufasha abana kumenya igihe batangirira, igihe bahagararira n’igihe bakomereza, (ifirimbi, kuzamura ukuboko)
  Si ngombwa ko abana bose bakina icyarimwe umukino umwe. Abana bashobora gukina imikino itandukanye. Icyo gihe abana bagomba gutozwa kujya begeranya ibikoresho nyuma ya buri mukino.
  Gutanga neza amabwiriza :
  Gutanga amabwiriza n’ijwi riranguruye kugira ngo abana bose bayumve.
  Amabwiriza agomba kuba magufi, yumvikana kandi ahamye.
  Amategeko ayobora umukino: agomba kuba yumvikana neza, ahamye kandi afite injyana.
  Kwerekera abanaurugero: iyo mwarimu atabishoboye, kwerekera bishobora gukorwa n’umunyeshuri ugaragaza ubushobozi bukenewe muri uwo mukino/ mwitozo.
  Gusubiramo amabwiriza cyangwa kwerekera inshuro nyinshi zikenewe kugira ngo isomo rigende neza.
  Gufasha abana guteza imbere ubushobozi bwabo
  Kugira icyizere mu bushobozi bw’abana: gushyira imbere ibyo abana bakora neza no gushimagiza umuhate wa buri wese ku giti cye.
  Guha abana umwanya wo kwiga ibintu bishya bahera ku byoroshye baganisha ku bikomeye.
  Guha abana umwanya wo kwitegereza bagenzi babo bafite icyo babarusha no kubigana.
  Gufasha abana kwigirira icyizere. Kubaha umwanya wo kwiga ibishya hamwe n’amategeko y’umukino mushya.
  Gukosora
  Intego y’ikosora ni ugufasha abana kongera ubushobozi. Igihe cyo gukosora hakosorwa abana bose muri rusange hanyuma hagakosorwa buri wese ku giti cye. Igihe akosora buri wese ku giti cye, mwarimu akwiye kwirinda kurekera abana mu buryo buruhanyije cyangwa kubareka ntacyo bakora.
  Iyo nyuma y’ikosora abanyeshuri badashobora gukora neza umwitozo/gukina neza umukino, mwarimu ahagarika uwo mukino akawusimbuza undi bijya gusa utaruhije mu gihe bagitegereje kuzawusubiramo mu masomo azakurikiraho.
  Ku musozo w’isomo
  Guha abana umwanya wo kwisobanura bavuga ibyo bakoze n’ibyo bize.
  1.4.7 Ibibuga n’ibikoresho mfashanyigisho
  Ibibuga
  Mu bintu bibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho y’Igororangingo na Siporo harimo ikibazo cy’ibikoresho bidahagije. Nyamara nk’uko mubisanga mu mirongo ikurikira, isomo ry’Igororangingo na Siporo rishobora gutangirwa ku bibuga byoroheje byatunganywa na buri Kigo k’ishuri ; bityo abana bagatozwa siporo ndetse n’imikino inyuranye.
  Rimwe na rimwe, hashobora gukoreshwa ikibuga giciriritse gifite ishusho y’urukiramende gikinirwamo imikino yo mu matsinda nko kwiruka bavuduka, kwiruka bazenguruka igihe kirekire no gusimbuka. Ku mashuri afite ikibuga kidahagije, hazakorwa ibishoboka kugira ngo abana bashobore byibura gukina imikino idasaba ikibuga kinini.
  Ku mashuri abishoboye, bazareba uko batunganya ikibuga kimwe gishobora gukinirwaho siporo zinyuranye kikanakorerwaho imikino ngororamubiri. Icyo Kibuga cyaba gifite ibi bikurikira
  Umwanya ugenewe imikino isanzwe yoroheje
  Ikibuga cy’umupira w’amaguru,
  Ikibuga cy’umukino wa handball,
  Ibibuga bine bya Volleyball,
  Aho basimbukira umurambararo,
  Aho basimbukira urukiramende,
  Ahagenewe kwiruka (umuvuduko, kwiruka ibirebire no kwiruka bahererekanya agakoni)
  Ahagenewe gutera (ingasire, umuhunda n’intosho).
  Nk’uko bigaragara ikibuga kimwe gishobora gukoreshwa ku masiporo agezweho anyuranye, imikino ngororamubiri ndetse na siporo gakondo. Birumvikana ko ibi byose bitakinirwa igihe kimwe ku kibuga kimwe, ariko nk’amashuri 2 ashobora guhurira
  ku kibuga ishuri rimwe rikina umukino w’intoki (volleyball) irindi rikora imikino ngororamubiri.
  Ingero z’ibikoresho mfashanyigisho
  Imipira ibanze mu birere (cm 15 z’umurambararo) : ikoreshwa mu mupira w’amaguru, umukino wavolleyball, imikino ngororangingo, imikino ngororamubiri.
  Imigozi yo gusimbuka (m 3 z’uburebure) : iyi migozi yakoreshwa igihe bashaka kwerekana umurongo, mu myitozo ngororangingo; mu gutandukanya abagize amakipe 2, mu gusimbuka bajya hejuru, mu gusimbuka umurambararo,….
  Udukoni (twa m 1 y’uburebure na cm 3 z’umurambararo) : utu dukoni twakoreshwa mu mikino ngororangingo ; tukifashishwa mu gushyiraho inkiramende ntoya, dushobora kandi no kwifashishwa mu gihe abantu biruka badasiganwa…
  Imihunda ikoze mu biti (m 2,20 z’uburebure na cm 3 z’umurambararo) iyi mihunda yakoreshwa mu gutera umuhunda, mu gufata umugozi muri volleyball, nk’inzitizi,
  Amabuye (intosho) mato, andi apima nk’ibiro 2)
  Amabuye y’urugalika afite iforomo y’uruziga cyangwa y’igi (afite cm20 y’umurambararo) : ingasire
  Ibitambaro bikweduka nibura bifite cm 40 bahambira ku biti bibiri kugira ngo babashe gusimbuka urukiramende.
  Ingoma
  imipira y’amaguru( Football)
  imipira y’amaboko( Volleyball and Handball)
  Gucunga ibikoresho
  Wakora iki mu gucunga no gufata neza ibikoresho?
  Ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru bikomoka ahantu hanyuranye: hari ibyo abanyeshuri bashobora kwikorera ubwabo, hari ibishobora kugurwa n’ishuri, hari ibikomoka ku mpano, n’ibindi.
  Inama zikurikira zafasha mu gucunga ibikoresho:
  Mbere y’isomo
  Egeranya ibikoresho biza gukenerwa,
  Reba ko ibikoresho bimeze neza,
  Twara gusa ibikoresho ukeneye kandi wibuke gukora ilisiti y’ibyo utwaye,
  Reba niba imipira ihaze irimo umwuka. Imipira idahaze neza ikunze kwangirika.
  Mu isomo ubwaryo
  Cunga ibikoresho umenye aho biri igihe cyose.
  Ereka abana uko bakoresha ibikoresho batabyangiza
  Ita ku ntambwe za buri mwana uje bwa mbere mu mikino
  Toza abana gukoresha neza ibikoresho. Toramo abashingwa ibikoresho maze bajye basimburana.
  Bamenyereze kwegeranya ibikoresho nyuma y’isomo.
  Bara ibikoresho umenye ko nta kibuze.
  Nyuma y’isomo
  Gutondeka no kubika neza ibikoresho
  Kubika ibikoresho ahantu hakwiriye kandi hari umutekano
  Gasaba abantu babizobereyemo kujya basana ibikoresho bigenda byangirika
  Wakora iki uramutse udashobora kubona igikoresho gikenewe?
  Nta somo rikwiye kurekwa kwigishwa kubera ko hari igikoresho kitabonetse. Dore zimwe mu nama:
  Tekereza ushake ikindi gikoresho wakwifashisha cyangwa ukikorere ubwawe ;
  Hindura umukino uhitamo udakeneye ibyo bikoresho ariko ufite intego imwe n’uwo mukino waburiye ibikoresho ;
  Muri rusange rushaho gutekereza no gukoresha ubushobozi bwo guhanga.
IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUGERO RW’IMBATA Y’ISOMO RY’IGORORANGINGO NA SIPORO
IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUGERO RW’IMBATA Y’ISOMO RY’IGORORANGINGO NA SIPORO
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IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUGERO RW’IMBATA Y’ISOMO RY’IGORORANGINGO NA SIPORO
- Izina ry’ishuri:..................................
  Amazina y’umwarimu: ……………………….
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE UMUBIRI
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE UMUBIRI
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE UMUBIRI
- 1.2. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  umunyeshuri azaba ashobora kugendera ku mirongo iboneye.
  1.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere umubiri bagomba kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri,kuvuga akamaro kayo, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo ngororangingo.
  1.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo, azaba arimo no guteza imbere imico
  ibikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu bazakinira hamwe nta n’umwe uzahezwa.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina, bazakundana,bazoroherana
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho, bahabwe imyitozo,n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kubaha aho bazaba bakinira.
  1.4. Urutonde rw’amasomo
  
  Isomo rya mbere: Imyitozo n’imikino yo gushyushya
  umubiri
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gushyushya umubiri, bagomba kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororangingo n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora iyo myitozo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri yakoresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mu kibuga, abanyeshuri bahagaze kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’uruziga, baganirizwa ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gushyushya umubiri.
  Kureba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda yabugenewe no gukuramo ibintu byose bishobora kubabangamira no guteza impanuka mu mukino.
  Imyitozo yo gushyushya umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri, usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Ku nkombe, mu mazi
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Uyu mukino ugamije gushyushya umubiri muri rusange. Abanyeshuri basimbukira ku nkombe cyangwa mu mazi bakurikije amabwiriza bahawe.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Kureba ko ikibuga kimeze neza.
  2. Guca umurongo hasi ukoresheje ingwa cyangwa umugozi.
  3. Gusaba abanyeshuri guhagarara inyuma y’umurongo.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera.
  5. Abana bari ku nkombe mu nkengero z’ikiyaga.
  6. Ku rundi ruhande rw’umurongo ni mu mazi.
  7. Gutanga amabwiriza abiri: «ku nkombe! » cyangwa «mu mazi» ubwo abanyeshuri bagomba gusimbukira ku ruhande rukwiye rw’umurongo bakurikije amabwiriza bahawe.
  8. Gutanga ayo mabwiriza uko ari abiri nyuma ukava kuri rimwe ujya ku rindi kugeza ubwo abanyeshuribakora nezauwo mukino bifitiyeikizere.
  9.Suzuma ko abanyeshuri bishyushya,bakora neza umwitozo bakurikiza amabwiriza kanda bifitiye ikizere.
  Uburyo bwoguhindura umukino
  Kongera cyangwa kugabanya amabwiriza ukurikije ubushobozi bw'abanyeshuri.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 2: Ubukonje n’ubushyuhe
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino, abanyeshuri biruka buri wese ahunga mugenzi we.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi abiri anganya umubare imwe ikitwa ubukonje indi ikitwa ubushyuhe.
  2. Buri kipi igomba guhagarara mu gice cyayo.
  3. Iyo mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi bo mu ikipi y’ubukonje birukankana abo mu ikipi y’ubushyuhe.
  4. Umukinnyi wo mu ikipi y’ubushyuhe bakozeho arakonja akicara asutamye.
  5. Abakinnyi bo mu ikipi y’ubushyuhe bashobora kumara ubukonje abakinnyi babo babaye ubukonje babakoraho bityo bagakomeza gukina.
  6. Umukinnyi wirutse inyuma y’ikibuga ahita akurwa mu mukino.
  7. Umukino umara iminota itatu. Igihe hari abakinnyi benshi bahindutse ubukonje bityo ikipe y’ubukonje ikaba iratsinze.
  8. Amakipe yombi ahinduranya amazina umukino ugakomeza. Suzuma ko abanyeshuri batinyuka kwishyushya,biruka,bakurikiza amabwiriza kandi bifitiye ikizere.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Abanyeshuri bashobora kwiruka bahindura ikerekezo.
  
  Umukino wo kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura no kunanura umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze gute iyo babaga bagufashe?
  Iyo wasimbukiraga ku ruhande rutajyanye n’amabwiriza wahawe wumvaga umeze gute?
  Ni ubuhe buryo wakoreshaga kugira ngo ufate mugenzi wawe gukurikiza amabwiriza yahawe?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze guhunga umuntu cyangwa ikintu kikwirukankana?
  Wakoresheje ubuhe buryo?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho zivuye mu mukino
  Ni iyihe nyungu iri mugukora umwitozo wo kwiruka?
  Ni iyi he nyungu iri mu gukora umwitozo wo gusimbuka?
  Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo n’imikino yo kunanura no
  kuruhura umubiri
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gushyushya umubiri bagomba kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kuvuga akamaro kayo, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo ngororangingo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri yakoresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo n’imikino yo kunanura no kuruhura umubiri akareba ko n’ibyangobwa byose byuzuye.
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: urwuri
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino w’inyamaswa aho bitirira abana inyamaswa. Bapfutse amaso, bagomba gushakisha abana bitiriwe inyamaswa isa n’iyo babitiriye bakayifata akaboko.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gushyira abana mu kibuga.
  2. Guhitamo inyamaswa eshatu.
  3. Kwita buri mwana izina ry’inyamaswa mu ibanga.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Abana bagomba kugira ibanga inyamaswa bitiriwe.
  Kubwira abana bagapfuka amaso.
  Kubwira abana bakagendagenda mu kibuga bitonze, amaso apfutse, bakigana ijwi; ry’inyamaswa bitiriwe.
  Abana bagomba kumviriza urusaku rw’inyamaswa kugira ngo babashe kuvumbura abandi bana bitiriwe inyamaswa zabo bakabafata akaboko.
  Urusaku rw’inyamaswa nibwo buryo bwonyine bwemewe bwo kumvikana.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Kureba niba abana badahutaza bagenzi babo mu gihe bakina bipfutse mu maso.
  Gusaba abana gukina bitonze ngo badakomeretsanya.
  Abana babasha kwifashisha inyamaswa bitirirwa kugira ngo bafate bagenzi babo bazitirirwa?
  Imyitozo yo kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura no umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze gute iyo babaga bagufashe?
  Ni ubuhe buryo wakoreshaga kugirango ufate mugenzi wawe?
  Nyuma yo kunanura ingingo zitandukanye wumvaga umeze gute?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze guhunga umuntu cyangwa ikintu kikwirukankana?
  Wakoresheje ubuhe buryo?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni iyihe nyungu iri mugukora umwitozo wo kwishyushya?
  Isomo rya 3: Imyitozo n’imikino yo gushira impungenge no kwigengesera
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gushira impungenge no kwigengengesera bagomba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kuvuga akamaro kayo, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo ngororangingo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri akoresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Kuganiran’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gushira impungenge no kwigengesera akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  izina ry’umukino: akaguru ka rusake
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ku mirongo ibangikanye, abana bari imbere bagendesha akaguru kamwe akandi bagafatiye inyuma bagasiganwa bagana ku murongo wo gusorezaho bawugeraho bagahindura akaguru bakagaruka. Buri mwana iyo agarutse akora mu ntoki za mugenzi we uri imbere nawe agahita agenda. Urangije gukina ajya inyuma.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Kubashyira ku mirongo ibangikanye.
  3. Guca umurongo cyangwa gushyira ikimenyetso aho abakinnyi bagarukira.
  4. Gusaba abakinnyi b’imbere guhagarara ku murongo w’intangiriro.
  5. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso cya mbere, buri mukinnyi mu bari imbere ahagarara ku kuguru kumwe ukundi akagufatira inyuma guhinnye.
  6. Gusuzuma ko abanyeshuri basimbukisha akaguru kamwe bigengesera kandi nta mpungenge bafite.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana biruka ku kaguru kamwe bagana ku kimenyetso cyateganyijwe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Abakinnyi bagenda kaguru kamwe nk’uko umukino umeze ariko mu nzira banyuramo bakahatega ibintu basimbuka (imigozi, inkoni zitambitse ku butaka).
  Koresha imyitozo/mikino yo kuruhura umubiri usanga mu mperaWumvaga umeze ute igihe
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  •• Byari bimeze gute kugendera ku kuguru kumwe?
  Wumvaga umeze ute igihe ari wowe wagombaga gukurikiraho?
  
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe:
  • Ni ryari ushobora gukenera kugendesha akaguru kamwe?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni iki uyu mukino wakunguye mu buzima bwawe?
  1.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbere
  Mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bugamijwe bw’umunyeshuri mwarimu akoresha umukino ukurikira:
  Izina ry’umukino:Urubibi
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukinwa n’abanyeshuri bari ku murongo barebana, aho buri munyeshuri akurura imbangikanwa ye ngo ayirenze umurongo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kugabanya abakinnyi mo amakipi anganya umubare n’imbaraga.
  2. Amakipi ahagarara arebana.
  3. Guca umurongo hagati y’amakipi yombi werekana urubibi.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso buri mukinnyi afatana n’imbangikanwa bateganye, ku kindi kimenyetso agerageza kumukurura amurenza umurongo w’urubibi.
  5. Abakinnyi b’ikipi imwe bashobora kwegera mugenzi wabo ukururwa, bamufata (mu rukenyerero, ukuboko, ukuguru), kugira ngo imbangikanwa itamurenza umurongo w’urubibi.
  6. Iyo ikirenge kirenze umurongo w’urubibi, nyira cyo aba abaye imfungwa y’ikipi y’imbangikanwa, agafasha abo mu ikipi agiyemo gukurura abandi bakinnyi.
  7. Mu mukino hagati mwarimu agenda areba ubushobozi umunyeshuri arimo kugenda akoresha bujyanye no gushyuhya umubiri, kunanura umubiri, ndetse n’uburyo yigengesera kugira ngo adatwarwa n’imbangikanwa.
  8. Nyuma y’igihe cyagenwe, ahagarika umukino akabara abafashwe ba buri kipi.
  9. Hatsinda ikipi yafashe imbangikanwa nyinshi.
  Ikitonderwa: Umwarimu agenzura neza umukino kugira ngo utavamo umuvuduko.
  
  1.6. Imyitozo /Imikino y’inyongera
  1.6.1. Imyitozo yo gushyushya, kunanura no kuruhura umubiri
  a. Imyitozo/Imikino yo gushyushya umubiri
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Kwiruka
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukorwa aho abana bitozanya ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushyushya umubiri.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1) Abanyeshuri banyanyagira mu kibuga.
  2) Umukinnyi yirukankana abandi.
  3) Uwo akozeho akaba ari we wirukankana abandi.
  4) Abakinnyi barenze imbibi z‟ikibuga bavamo.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Umukinnyi wa mbere yirukankana abandi uwo afashe agahita amufasha
  kwirukankana abandi.
  Umukinnyi ukozweho yirukankana abandi afashe aho bamukoze.
  
  Ikitonderwa: Iri somo rizagira amasaha abiri hazatandukanywe imikino.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 2: Genda, genda buhoro, hagarara
  Incamake y’umukino
  Abana bakora nk'aho bacunze imodoka bagakoresha umuvuduko uhindagurika bagahagarara bakurikije amabwiriza ya mwarimu.
  Imiterere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gutegura ikibuga ku buryo haboneka umwanya uhagije kugira ngo abana babashe kwirukanka bisanzuye.
  2. Gusaba abana gushaka umwanya mu kibuga bagahagarara imbere ya mwarimu.
  3. Kubwira abana ko muri uwo mukino basabwa kwigana umuntu utwaye imodoka,igare cyangwa ipikipiki.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera.
  Hari uburyo butatu bwo gutanga amabwiriza:
  Ubwa mbere ni «genda! ». Iyo mwarimu avuze: «genda», abana bagenda bihuta ahantu hose mu kibuga bigana gutwara imodoka zabo ari nako birinda kugongana n’izindi modoka.
  Ubwa kabiri ni: «genda buhoro! », iyo mwarimu avuze «genda buhoro», abana bagenda buhoro mu kibuga bigana utwaye imodoka buhoro.
  Ubwa gatatu ni: «hagarara» iyo mwarimu avuze «hagarara», abana barahagarara bakaguma ahantu hamwe ubutanyeganyega kugeza ubwo bumvise ijambo«genda» cyangwa «genda buhoro».
  5.Umukino urakomeza igihe cyose bifuza. Imodoka isimbuzwa igare, ipikipiki. Kureba niba abana bitwararika neza kuri bagenzi babo.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Buri mwana abasha kwiruka igihe yumvise ijambo «genda! »?
  Abana bagerageza guhagarara igihe bumvise ijambo «hagarara! »?
  Abana bagerageza kwirinda guhutazanya.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gusobanurira abana ko uwa mbere uzanyeganyega igihe mwarimu azaba amaze kuvuga ngo «hagarara» ari we uzatanga ya mabwiriza atatu ku nshuro ikurikira.
  Kubwira abana bagahindura imodoka barimo bigana gutwara. Urugero: kubabwira bakigana koga mu kiyaga, kugashya mu bwato, gutwara indege n’ibindi.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Injangwe n’imbeba
  Incamake y’umukino
  Abanyeshuri bahagarara ku ruziga babiri babiri umwe inyuma y’undi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  6. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi babiri “Injangwe n’imbeba “biruka inyuma y’uruziga injangwe yirukankana imbeba.
  7. Iyo imbeba ibonye igiye gufatwa ishobora kujya imbere y’abakinnyi babiri begeranye uw’inyuma muri bo ari we ubaye uwa gatatu ku murongo ahinduka imbeba akiruka.
  8. Iyo injangwe ifashe imbeba itarihisha baragurana akaba imbeba agahita yiruka.
  9. Mwarimu ni we ugena igihe umukino uri burangirire.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 4: Injangwe itanyeganyega
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho abana biruka bahiga abandi bana. Ufashwe aguma ahagaze atanyeganyega ku kaguru kamwe amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu mu gihe cy’amasegonda 5.
  Imiterere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gutegura umwanya uhagije aho bakinira umukino w’injangwe.
  2. Kumenyesha abana ko bakina uwo mukino (injangwe).
  3. Gusobanurira abana ko uwo mukino utandukanye n’indi kuko iyo umwana akozweho, agomba kuguma aho ari ahagaze ku kaguru kamwe amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu mu gihe cy’amasegonda 5.
  4. Gusaba abana 2 cyangwa 3 gukina bitwa “injangwe”.
  5. Guha buri njangwe agatambaro kayigaragaza.
  6. Gutanga ibisobanuro no gutanga urugero:
  Injangwe zigerageza gufata abandi bana;
  Iyo injangwe ikoze ku mwana, uwo mwana agomba kuguma aho ari, ahagaze ku kaguru kamwe, amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu n’ibindi…
  Nyuma y’amasegonda 5, ashobora kongera kwiruka.
  7. Nyuma y’igihe gito, gutoranya abandi bana bakina bitwa “injangwe”. Kureba niba abana bakoranaho mu bwitonzi.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bahagarara ku kaguru kamwe amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu mu gihe cy’amasegonda 5?
  Buri mwana abasha kwiruka ahunga injangwe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kugerageza abana ubasaba guhagarara ku kaguru kamwe amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu mu gihe cy’amasegonda 10.
  Gusaba abana guhagarara ku kaguru kamwe amaboko yombi mu mayunguyungu, bakina ari inyamaswa zigenda zihinduka uko babafashe ;
  Kongera ubukomere bw’umukino. Urugero : «guhagarara ku kaguru kamwe, amaboko yombi mu kirere» cyangwa «guhagara ku kaguru kamwe, ukuboko kumwe ku zuru»
  
  Izina ry'umukino wa 5: Kunaga umupira
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho abanyeshuri bakina umukino wo kunyuza umupira hagati y’amaguru,ariko bakagerageza kuyabumba kugira ngo utanyuramo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Abakinnyi bahagarara bakoze uruziga batandukanyije amaguru.
  2. Umwarimu aba ari hagati y’uruziga afite umupira mu ntoki.
  3. Abakinnyi bahagarara bakoze uruziga batandukanyije amaguru.
  4. Umwarimu aba ari hagati y’uruziga afite umupira mu ntoki.
  5. Umwarimu yohereza umupira awunyuza hagati y’amaguru y’umukinnyi, we akagomba kubumba amaguru vuba vuba kugira ngo umupira utanyura hagati y’amaguru ye.
  6. Umwarimu ashobora gusa n’uwohereza umupira ariko atawurekuye, icyo gihe umukinnyi ntabumba amaguru, aguma uko yari ameze mbere.
  7. Iyo habaye ikosa (ari uko umupira unyuze mu maguru y’umukinnyi cyangwa akabumba amaguru umupira utamujeho), umukinnyi aba atsinzwe: akagarura umupira akazenguruka uruziga gatatu yiruka.
  8. Hatsinda abakinnyi umupira utanyuze mu maguru kandi ntibibeshye.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gusimbuza umwarimu undi mukinnyi hagati mu ruziga
  Izina ry’umukino wa 6: Uwa nyuma imbere
  Izina ry’umukino wa 6: Uwa nyuma imbere
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukorwa aho abana bitozanya ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushyushya umubiri.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Abanyeshuri bigabanyamo amakipi agera kuri 4 afite abanyeshuri bangana agenda ku mirongo mu kibuga.
  2. Abanyeshuri bagenda kuri ya mirongo biruka buhoro buhoro.
  3. Umwarimu atanga ikimenyetso uwa nyuma ku murongo akiruka cyane akajya imbere ku murongo we.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso rimwe, uwiruka anyura ibumoso.
  5. Iyo agitanze kabiri, uwiruka anyura i buryo.
  6. Uwibeshye asubiramo.
  7. Hatsinda ikipe itanze izindi kurangiza.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri kugira ngo umurongo ube muremure bityo biruke harehare.
  Ikitonderwa:Iri somo rizagira amasaha abiri hazatandukanywe imikino.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 7: Ni iki kiri imbere
  Incamake y’umukino
  Umukino ukorwa n’abanyeshuri bakora uruziga bakagenda bazenguruka bashyira imbere ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1.kubwira abana bagakora uruziga bagasiga umwanya ureshya n'ukuboko hagati yabo.
  2. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera;
  • Iyo uvuze igice cy’umubiri bagenda bazenguruka mu buryo bw’inshinge
  z’amasaha bashyira imbere icyo gice cy’umubiri. Urugero: «amayunguyungu imbere», «ukuboko imbere», «umutwe imbere» n’ibindi…
  • Iyo bashyize imbere igice cy’umubiri, abana barakirinda bagakomeza kugenda.
  3. Gukomeza kuvuga ibice by’umubiri byinshi kugeza aho abana bashyuha.
  4. Ni mwarimu ugena igihe umukino urangirira.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bagenda bashyira imbere ibice by’umubiri byavuzwe?
  Abana birinda guhutaza bagenzi babo?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenda bazenguruka uruziga. Urugero:
  «kugenda bashyize amavi imbere», «gusimbagurika bashyize umutwe imbere»,
  «kugenda batera intambwe bashyize iyunguyungu imbere» n’ibindi...
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 8: Umucuruzi w’ibiti
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho mwarimu akora amakipi abiri anganya umubare, ahagaze ku mirongo arebana. Hagati y’amakipi abiri hakaba harimo umwanya wa metero 30 byibuze.
  Umucuruzi w’ibiti ajya hagati y’amakipi yombi ku ntera ireshya.
  Mu makipi yombi habamo abakinnyi babiri bahuriye ku izina ry’igiti.
  1. Iyo mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umucuruzi w’ibiti avuga izina ry’igiti.
  2. Abakinnyi babiri, umwe wa buri kipi, bafashe iryo zina, biruka bamusanga bakamukoraho bakagaruka mu myanya yabo batanguranwa.
  3. Umukinnyi utanze undi kugera mu ikipi, icyo gihe ikipi ibona inota rimwe.
  4. Umukino urakomeza kugeza igihe abakinnyi bose barangije kwiruka.
  5. Nyuma y’umukino babara amanota ikipi yabonye ifite menshi ikaba ari yo itsinze.
  6. Amakipi ashobora gukinira amanota yagenwe mbere y’umukino (Urugero: ikipe itanze indi kuyageraho ikaba ari yo itsinze).
  Ikitonderwa:irisomo rizigishwa amasaha abiri hatandukanyijwe imyitozo.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 9: Injangwe - igicucu
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino w’injangwe n’igicucu wo gushyushya amaboko n’amaguru, aho abanyeshuri biruka bahiga igicucu cya bagenzi babo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gutegura umwanya uhagije mu kibuga kugira ngo abana babone uko biruka bamwe inyuma y’abandi.
  2. Gushyira abana mu matsinda agizwe n’abana babiri.
  3. Kubwira umwe mu bana akaba nomero ya 1 undi akaba nomero ya 2.
  4. Kubwira abana kwerekana igicucu cyabo n’aho giherereye.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Iyo umwarimu avuze ngo: « Nimero 1» abafite nimero 1 bose biruka bahiga igicucu cya bagenzi babo bafite nimero2 ngo bagikandagiremo.
  Abana bafite nimero 2 biruka bahunga bagenzi babo ngo badakandagira igicucu cyabo.
  Mu gihe bari guhiga igicucu N°1 zibara inshuro babashije gukandagira igicucu cya bagenzi babo.
  Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo «N°2», abafite N°2 bose biruka bahiga igicucu cya bagenzi babo bafite N°1.
  6. Guhindura nomero buri masegonda 30.
  
  Injangwe ntizigomba kubwira abandi bana bahagaze ku murongo ko babahisemo.
  Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: «Genda! », abana biruka mu kibuga hose noneho
  injangwe zikagerageza gukora zitonze ku bana benshi bashoboka.
  Umwana bakozeho agomba kugaruka agahagarara ku murongo.
  Inshuro yuzura ari uko abana bose batari injangwe bagaragaye ku murongo.
  6. Guhitamo izindi njangwe buri nshuro y’umukino.
  7. Gukina kugeza aho buri mwana yabonye uburyo bwo kuba injangwe.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Injangwe zikorana ubwitonzi ku bandi bana?
  Kureba niba abana barimo kwiruka badahutaza bagenzi babo.
  Abana bamwe bafite ubushobozi bwo kuba injangwe buri nshuro?
  Abana bakozweho bagaruka ku murongo?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Ku ntangiriro y’inshuro koma mu mugongo wa buri mwana kugira ngo bose bahinduke injangwe.
  Ku ntangiriro y’inshuro genda ku murongo ntugire umwana n’umwe ukoma mu mugongo.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 11: Avoka n’amaronji
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho abana biruka ngo bafate imbangikanwa.
  Imiterere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gutegura umwanya uhagije mu kibuga kugira ngo abana babone uburyo bwo kwirukankana.
  2. Gutondeka abana babiri babiri.
  3. Gusaba umwana umwe mu bagize buri tsinda rya 2 kuba avoka, undi akaba ironji.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Iyo uvuze ngo: «amaronji», abakina bitwa “amaronji” muri buri tsinda birukanka bahiga abakina bitwa “avoka”.Iyo bavuze ngo: «Avoka», abakina bitwa “avoka” muri buri tsinda birukanka bahiga abakina bitwa “amaronji”.
  Iyo “ironji” rifashe “avoka”, “ironji” ribara kugeza ku 10 mbere y’uko ryongera guhiga “avoka”, ibyo bituma avoka ibona igihe cyo guhunga.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Kureba neza niba abana bakinana ubwitonzi badahutazanya.
  Amaronji agerageza guhiga za avoka iyo uvuze ngo «amaronji»?
  Abana bose bitabiriye umukino? Bose barakina?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kuvuga andi mazina y’imbuto mu buryo bwo kujijisha abana (urugero: amapapayi, ibinyomoro n’ibindi…).
  Kongera amabwiriza «Uruvange rw’imbuto», bivuga ko abana bose bagomba kwiruka ntawe uhiga undi.
  Kongera amabwiriza « imbuto zanyukaguwe», bivuga ko abana bose bagomba kurambarara hasi.
  Guhindagura abo uhamagara (avoka, amaronji) buri masegonda 30.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 12: Kurikira ukuboko kwanjye
  
  Incamacye y'umukino
  bakagerageza kugumisha amazuru yabo ahagana kuri cm 50 y’ukuboko kw’indyo k’umuyobozi
  Imiterere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gushyira abana mu matsinda rimwe rigizwe n’abanyeshuri 2
  2. Gusaba umwana umwe muri babiri bagize itsinda gutangira umukino ari « umuyobozi ».
  3. Usigaye muri buri tsinda azatangira akina nk’ukurikira.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: «mutangire » abakurikira bose bagerageza kwerekeza izuru ryabo kuri cm50 ahagana ku kuboko kw’iburyo k’uyobora.
  Abayobora bagendagenda mu kibuga hose bashyize amaboko yabo hejuru ari nako bayamanura bayerekeza mu kirere aho bashaka.
  Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: «muhagarare! » abakurikira bose bahinduka abayobozi hanyuma bakayoboza abandi n’ ukuboko kw’iburyo.
  5. Kuvuga: «Mugende! » na «Muhagarare» buri munota 1 cyangwa iminota 2. Kureba niba abana batabangamira bagenzi babo.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho:
  Abakurikira bagerageza kwerekeza izuru ryabo kuri cm 50 ahagana ku kuboko kw’ubayobora?
  Abana bakina bayobora bahinduranya n’abakina bakurikira iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: «Muhagarare»?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino: Gusaba abayobora kuyobora bagenzi babo bakoresheje ibindi bice by’umubiri. Urugero, abakurikira bagomba kurekera izuru kuri cm 50 ahagana ku nkokora y’ibumoso ya bagenzi babo n’ibindi...
  
  b. Imyitozo yo kunanura umubiri
  Amabwiriza rusange yo kunanura ingingo
  Gukora imyitozo buhoro kugeza ubwo wumvise ko hari igihindutse.
  Kuguma mu myitozo yo kunanura ingingo mu gihe cy’amasegonda 12 cyangwa 20 udahubuka.
  Gusubiramo inanurangingo.
  Kunanura ingingo impande zose ni ukuvuga iburyo n’ibumoso kugira ngo hatagira urugingo rwo mu ruhande runaka wibagirwa.
  1. Kunanura imikaya y’inda bubamye
  Kuryama bubamye bakarambika ibiganza, hasi, mu nsi y’intugu.
  Kurekera amayunguyungu hasi ku butaka.
  
  2. Kunanura imikaya yo ku mugongo bahagaze
  Guhagarara utagaranyije ibirenge mu bugari bw’intugu.
  Kurambura amaboko imbere mu burebure bw’intugu.
  Kurambura cyane amaboko, inyuma h’ikiganza herekeje hejuru.
  Kwisonzesha ari nako ugumisha amayunguyungu imbere.
  3. Kunanura imikaya y’igituza bahagaze
  Guhagarara, ibirenge bitagaranye mu bugari bw’intugu, amavi ahinnye buhoro.
  Kuzamura amaboko inyuma, inyuma h’ibiganza hari ku mubiri.
  Kurambura amaboko buhoro uyazamura gake wizunguza buhoro igituza imbere.
  
  8. Kunanura impfundiko bahagaze
  Guhagarara, ikirenge kimwe imbere y’ikindi.
  Guhina ivi ry’ukuguru kuri imbere ukunama imbere, ivi rihinnye rikaguma inyuma y’amano.
  Kugumisha agatsitsino gakora hasi ku butaka.
  Kumva ukunanuka mu mpfundiko z’ukuguru kuri inyuma.
  
  10. Kuryamira inda wigorora
  Ryama hasi, ushyize ibiganza hasi munsi y’intugu, amatako uyagumishe hasi witonze umanure igice cyo hejuru cy’umubiri wawe hasi ureke ijosi n’intugu biruhuke.
  11. Imyitozo yo kunoza intugu
  Guhagarara ibirenge bitagaranye mu bugari bw’intugo.
  Gufatisha ikiganza k’iburyo ku rutugu rw’iburyo.
  Gufatisha ikiganza k’ibumoso ku rutugu rw’ibumoso.
  Gukaraga amaboko uhuriza amaboko imbere.
  12. Imyitozo yo kunoza imikaya y’inyuma y’amatako
  Guhagarara akaguru k’iburyo kari imbere karambuye gafashe ku butaka.
  Ukunama ugafata ku mano y’akaguru k’iburyo kari mbere karambuye.
  Ugakurura ikirenge kiri hasi wiyegereza.
  Guhindura akaguru ugakora n’ak’ibumoso.
  c. Imyitozo /imikino yo kuruhura umubiri
  Izina ry’umukino wa 1: Ibipurizo byashizemo umwuka
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukinwa nk’ikinamico aho abana bigira nk’aho ari ibipurizo byashizemo umwuka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubwira abana bagakora nk’aho ari ibipurizo binini (bashobora gukubita amaboko mu kirere, gusimbagurika ahantu hose baherereye n’ibindi…).
  2. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Kubwira abana ko hari ibintu binyuranye mu bidukikije, ko hari n’ibibazo binyuranye bibangamira ibipurizo. Abana bagomba gukoresha umubiri wabo bakigana imiyego y’ibipurizo mu buryo mwarimu yabibasobanuriye.
  Urugero:«Mukore nk’aho muri ibipurizo maze mwishyiremo ko umuyaga uje ukabahuha ubaterura», « Mukore nk’aho muri ibipurizo maze mwishyiremo ko mwaziritswe inyuma y’igare ribazengurutsa umugi wose», n’ibindi…
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro: « Dore ikibazo cya nyuma mwarimu atanga « Mukore nk’aho muri igipurizo gifite intoboro ntoya aho umwuka ugenda ushiramo buhoro buhoro, kubwira abana bagakora nkaho umwuka ubashiramo maze bakagenda bika buhoro kugera aho batera amavi ubudakoma.
  4. Kureka abana mu buryo bwa nyuma mu gihe cy’amasegonda 10 cyangwa 20 kugira ngo umubiri wabo uruhuke mbere y’uko bananura ingingo.
  5. Kureba niba abana batabyigana.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho:
  Abana ntibabangamira bagenzi babo?
  Abana bakora imiyego yoroheje binanura badahubutse?
  Abana bakina batuje kandi bacecetse?
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Kirekire, gito, cyagutse
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukorwa aho abana bitozanya ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo kunanura umubiri.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubwira abana bagafata umwanya uhagije ku buryo iyo barambuye amaboko badakoranaho.
  2. Kubabwira bagahagarara imbere ya mwarimu
  3. Kubabwira ko ari umukino ubaha akanya ko kunanura umubiri wabo mu buryo butandukanye. Ni ngombwa ko bibuka kutinanura bahubutse ko bagomba kugenda buhoro kandi buri buryo bagezemo bakabugumamo igihe cy’amasegonda nibura 6 cyangwa 8.
  4. Kubabaza niba bashobora kwigira «banini nk’inzu» cyangwa «bato nk’imbeba» cyangwa «bagutse nk’igikuta».
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Abana bashinga amano bazamura amaboko hejuru bakigira barebare nk’inzu.
  Kubabwira bakaguma mu buryo bwo kwinanura mu gihe cy’amasegonda 6 cyangwa basutamye cyangwa bafashe amavi yabo, bihina bashyira umutwe mu mavi bigira duto nk’utubeba.
  Kubabwira bakaguma mu buryo bwo kwinanura mu gihe cy’amasegonda 6 cyangwa 8.
  Bananura amaguru n’amaboko bajyana kure bishoboka.
  Kubabwira bakaguma mu buryo bwo kwinanura mu gihe cy’amasegonda 6 cyangwa 8.
  6. Kubaza abana niba bashobora gutekereza ikindi kintu kinini (urugero, agasozi, inyubako n’ibindi…) no gukomeza kwinanura basa n’abigana buri kintu bavuze.
  7. Gusubiramo ikibazo kuri buri bintu; ibito n’ibyagutse. Kunanura umubiri kuri buri rugero.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana barinanura buhoro?
  Abana barakurikiza amabwiriza atanzwe na mwarimu?
  Abana birinda kwinanura bahubutse?
  Abana barahumeka mu gihe binanura?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kuvuga amazina y’ibintu bitandukanye cyangwa ahantu, hanyuma ugasaba abana kwinanura mu buryo bujyanye nabyo. Urugero:
  Kinini: inyubako, umunara, igiti…
  Gito: agakoko, urubuto n’ibindi…
  Cyagutse: Umuhanda, ikinyugunyugu, indege n’ibindi…
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 4: Kora nk’aho
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino utuma umuntu agabanya ukwihina kw’imikaya n’ inenge z’amahuzangingo.
  Abanyeshuri bagenda bigana gukora icyo bahaweho amabwiriza.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Kubwira abana guhagarara mu kibuga bareba mwarimu.
  2. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera.
  Kubwira abagize itsinda. Urugero: « Musimbagurike nkaho muri agakwavu» noneho abana bagakora icyo mwarimu ababwiye akoresheje amarenga.
  Ingero z’ibikorwa babwira abana gukora hakoreshejwe amarenga:
  Gusimbagurika bahagaze hahantu hamwe nkaho bari injugu.
  Kwiruka nkaho uhunga inyamaswa.
  Kugenda nkaho mwambuka imishubi.
  Gutega amaboko mu kirere nkaho mufata ibipurizo.
  Kwisokoza umusatsi nkaho igisokozo gifashe ku ntoki.
  Koga nkaho muri mu ruzi.
  Kwikunkumura nkaho muri inyamaswa yanyagiwe ishaka kumuka.
  3. Kongera ibindi bitekerezo byinshi bishoboka.
  4. Kureka abana bakiyongereraho ibitekerezo byabo bwite.
  5. Kurangira k’umukino guterwa na mwarimu ubwe.
  6. Kubwira abana bakitwararika kuri bagenzi babo ntibahutazanye.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Buri mwana agerageza kuvumbura ibikorwa wavuze mu marenga?
  Abana batanga ingero zifatika zakoreshwa mu itsinda?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gutangiza umukino hatangwa gusa urugero rumwe cyangwa 2.
  Kubwira buri mwana agashaka udukino kamwe cyangwa 2 yakinisha mu itsinda.
  Kubashishikariza kumenya guhanga gutekereza bishyiramo kuba bari ahantu hatandukanye kuri iyi si, kwifata nk’aho ari abantu batandukanye cyangwa inyamaswa zitandukanye.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 5: Igiti kinini
  Incamake y’umukino
  Kugarura mu buryo bukwiye no kuruhura umubiri hakoreshejwe kunanura imikaya inyuranye.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  1. Kubwira abana bagahagarara ibirenge bitagaranye mu bugari bw’intugu:
  Kubabwira bakinanura cyane bishoboka nk’aho ari igiti kinini cyane ku isi.
  Gukanyakanya imikaya nkaho ari igiti cyatonze urubura igihe cy’ubukonje.
  Kwiyoroshya nkaho ari amababi y’ibiti by’ibigimbu.
  Gukomera nkaho ari igiti kinini.
  Gukubitagura amaboko nkaho ari umuyaga unyeganyeza amashami.
  Ngaho rero umuyaga mwinshi uranyeganyeza amashami, ngaho rero amashami aguye hasi.
  2. Kureka abana muri ubwo buryo mu gihe cy’amasegonda 10 cyangwa 20 kugira ngo umubiri wabo uruhuke.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Kureba niba hari umwanya uhagije hagati y’abana kugira ngo bataza guhutazanya mu gihe bateze amatwi amabwiriza.
  Abana barakora ibyo mwarimu avuze?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bagakora ibinyuranye n’ibyo ubasabye gukora. Urugero iyo uvuze ngo: « Mwinanure mu buryo bwose bushoboka» abana bagomba kwipfunyapfunya bagahinduka bato bishoboka.
  
  babo bagahagarara bateranye umugongo, bagatazura amaguru, bagashyira amaboko ku mavi noneho bakunama buhoro berekeza imbere.
  Iyo bamaze kuguma muri buri buryo igihe cy’amasegonda 15 mwarimu avuga ngo
  «Genda! », bongera bakagendagenda mu kibuga kugeza igihe babwirwa uburyo bukurikira.
  3. Ni mwarimu uhitamo igihe umukino urangirira.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Buri mwana akorana na mugenzi we kugira ngo bakore iteme cyangwa inzira yo munda y’isi?
  Abana barakundana bakanumvikana?
  Abana barakurikira ku buryo igihe cyose mwarimu avuze ngo «iteme» cyangwa «inzira yo mu nda y’isi» bose bakora ibyo mwarimu avuze?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kuvuga ubundi buryo bwakongerwa mu mukino no kuwerekana:
  Urugero:
  «Umuhanda», abana bafata bagenzi babo bakaryama hasi. Ibirenge byabo bigakoranaho.
  «Imisozi», abana na bagenzi babo bahagarara umwe iruhande rw’undi bakunama bagashyira ibiganza hasi ku butaka kuri metero 1 imbere yabo.
  «Ikigega cy’amazi», abana bashinga amavi hasi barebana bagakora uruziga bafatanye amaboko.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 7: Turashyushye, turakonje
  Incamake y’umukino
  Abana bakina bitwa “abafata ntunyeganyege” bahiga bagenzi babo. Ufashwe aguma hamwe atanyeganyega kugeza igihe abohojwe n’abakina bitwa “abakonjeshwa.
  Imiterere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Gutegura umwanya uhagije kugira ngo abana babone uko biruka.
  2. Gusaba abana 2 cyangwa 3 gukina bitwa “Abakonjesha” no kubambika agatambaro k’irindi bara.
  3. Gusaba umwana 1 cyangwa 2 gukina bitwa “abakonjesha” no kubambika udutambaro dufite ibara ritandukanye n’abakonjeshwa. (Umubare w’ abakonjesha uhinduka hakurikijwe ubunini bw’itsinda).
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: «Mugende! », abakonjesha bagenda bahiga kandi bakanakora bitonze ku bakonjeshwa.
  Umwana wafashwe n’ukonjesha agomba guhagarara agakonjera aho ari (nk’ishusho)
  Abakonjesha bashobora kubohoza abana batanyeganyega babakomaho.
  Abakonjesha ntibashobora kuzirika abakonjesha.
  5. Nyuma y’iminota mike, gusaba abandi bana gukina bitwa abakonjesha cyangwa abakonjeshwa.
  6. Umukino urakomeza kugeza mwarimu awuhagaritse.
  Ingingo zov kwitabwaho
  Buri mwana aguma aho ari atanyeganyega iyo afashwe n’abakonjesha?
  Abana bakomanaho mu bwitonzi badahutazanya?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gusaba abana bakonjeshwa kugenda bakuruza inda hagati y’amaguru y’abandi bana kugira ngo babone uko bababohora.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 9: Nzi aho ngana
  Imiyoborere y’umukino
  Abakinnyi bahagarara mu kibuga hagati bagena imfuruka z’ikibuga zerekana:
  - Amajyepfo - Amajyaruguru - Iburasirazuba - Iburengerazuba
  Amategeko n’imiyoborere by’umukino:
  1. Buri munyeshuri atangira afite amanota 5.
  2. Iyo mwarimu avuze ati mujye “iburasirazuba” abanyeshuri batanguranwa mu ruhande rwerekera iburasirazuba.
  3. Iyo avuze ati mujye iburengerazuba, amajyepfo, amajyaruguru, biruka bagana aho avuze.
  4. Uwibeshye akajya ku ruhande rutari urwo umwarimu yerekanye, ata inota rimwe.
  Akagaruka agategerereza abandi hagati mu kibuga kugirango batangire indi nshuro. Hatsinda umwe cyangwa benshi basigaye bagifite amanota menshi.
  
  d. Imyitozo /imikino yo gushira impungenge no kwigengesera
  Izina ry’umukino wa 1: Guca munsi y’umutambiko
  Incamake y’umukino
  Umukinnyi ahina umugongo agaramye akanyura munsi y’umutambiko atawukozeho, yirinda kugwa.
  Imiterere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 6 kugeza ku 10.
  2. Gusaba abana2 muri buri tsinda gutambikamu kirere umugozi muremure cyangwa igiti.
  3. Kubwira abana gufatira umugozi/igiti ku ntugu. Gusaba buri tsinda gukora umurongo umwana umwe inyuma y’undi imbere y’umugozi/igiti.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera.
  Intego y’umukino ni ukwinanura: umwana ajyana igihimba inyuma, agaca munsi y’umutambiko atawukomye cyangwa ngo yiture hasi.
  Buri mwana afite ubushobozi bwo guca mu nsi y’umutambiko yiheteye inyuma.
  5. Kureka abana bagaca mu nsi y’umutambiko. Kumanura hepfo gato umutambiko mu gihe abana bose bawuciye mu nsi.Kugenzura neza ko nta cyakomeretsa umwana aramutse aguye.
  6. Gushishikariza abana bose kugerageza guca mu nsi y’umutambiko. Niba badashoboye kwihetera inyuma bashobora guca munsi y’umutambiko uko bashatse (urugero bashobora kunama cyangwa gukuruza inda mu nsi y’umutambiko).
  7. Guhindura abafata umutambiko buri minota 2 cyangwa 3 kugira ngo abana bose bahabwe amahirwe yo gukina muri iyo myanya yombi.
  8. Umukino urangira iyo umutambiko ugeze hafi y’ubutaka ku buryo ntawe uba agishoboye guca mu nsi yawo.
  
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Mwakora iki kugira ngo nimukina ubutaha mutazongera kubabara?
  Ni iyihe myitozo yindi wakora kugira ngo umubiri wawe ugororoke neza?
  Wayitwereka?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Guhereza buri mwana agakombe k’amazi maze agaca mu nsi y’umutambiko akikoreye ku mutwe akagerageza kubikora atamena n’igitonyanga na kimwe.1
  Gusaba abana gutangira umukino, noneho bakikora ku gahanga mu gihe barimo guca mu nsi y’umutambiko.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 2: Kunyuza umupira mu maguru
  Incamake y’umukino
  Mu gihe abana bakina, buri mwana agerageza kunyuza umupira hagati y’amaguru ya mugenzi we uyu nawe akagerageza kuwutangira ngo udacamo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 6 kugeza ku 10.
  2. Gusaba buri tsinda gukora uruziga. Kubwira abana bagahagarara batandukanyije amaguru. Buri kirenge cy’umwana gikora ku kirenge cya mugenzi we umuri iruhande. (Reba ishusho).
  3. Kubwira abana bagafatanya ibiganza imbere yabo nkaho amaboko yabo ari umutonzi w’inzovu. (reba ishusho)
  4. Gushyira umupira muri buri ruziga.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Intego y’umukino ni ugucisha umupira hagati y’amaguru ya mugenzi wawe ariko
  nawe ukirinda ko umupira baza kuwunyuza hagati y’amaguru yawe
  Nta mwana wemerewe kunyeganyeza amaguru ye ariko agomba gukoresha amaboko ye afatanye mu gukumira umupira ngo udaca mu maguru ye.
  Kureba niba abana bafite umwanya uhagije ku buryo badakoranaho mu gihe bazunguza amaboko.
  Umwana umupira wanyuze hagati y’amaguru, agomba gukoresha ukuboko kumwe nyuma yaho.
  Iyo umupira umuciye hagati y’amaguru ubwa kabiri, agomba guhindukira agakomeza gukina ateye umugongo uruziga.
  Nyuma y’iminota yagenwe na mwarimu, abana umupira utanyuze hagati y’amaguru nibo baba batsinze.
  6. Abatsinze batangira undi mukino bagakina ukwabo n’abatsinzwe bagakora itsinda ryabo bagakina ukwabo.
  7. Mwarimu niwe ufata umwanzuro w’igihe umukino urangirira.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Umubiri utanyeganyega
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bashyira ingingo zimwe z’umubiri hasi izindi zikaguma zidakora hasi bakagerageza kumara igihe runaka batanyeganyega.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Kubwira abana kujya mu kibuga hanyuma bakarambura amaboko ku buryo badakoranaho.
  2. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Kuvuga ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri. Abana bagomba gushyira hasi igice cy’umubiri cyavuzwe no kutanyeganyega igihe icyo gice kiri hasi. Urugero, ibiganza bibiri n’ikirenge kimwe, cyangwa ikiganza kimwe n’ikirenge kimwe, cyangwa inkokora imwe n’amavi abiri.
  Bagomba kutanyeganyega mu gihe nibura cy’amasogonda atatu.
  3. Gutanga urugero ku bana wifashishije umwana ubishaka no kubwira abandi bana kwitegereza uburyo atanyeganyega arimo gukora uwo mwitozo.
  4. Kubwira abana bose bakigana imyitwarire ya mugenzi wabo.
  5. Gukoresha abana igerageza rihagije kugira ngo babashe gukora neza buri mwitozo.
  6. Gushishikariza abana kumvikana mu gihe batiyumva neza mu gihe bakina.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho:
  Bamwe mu bana bagerageza kuguma mu myitwarire basabwe?
  Abana bafite umwanya uhagije ku buryo batabangamirana?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki gikomeye cyagaragaye mu mukino?
  Ni iyihe myitozo yari ikomeye kurusha indi?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Ni mu bihe bindi mu buzima byabaye ngombwa ko igice cy’umubiri wawe kimara igihe runaka kitanyeganyega? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Imyitozo yo kutanyeganyega k’umubiri wayikenera ryari kandi imariye iki umubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Kubwira abana kuguma mu myifatire igihe kirekire gishoboka.
  Gushyira abana babiri hamwe ukabasaba gushaka gukora umwitozo bafatanye (urugero, amaboko atatu n’amaguru atatu).
  Kubabwira bakaguma mu myitwarire bahumirije.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 4: Imodoka zirahagaze
  Incamake y’umukino
  Abana babiri babiri barikumwe baratembera mu kibuga birinda bagenzi babo. Iyo hatanzwe ikimenyetso, abana bagahita bahagarara ku kaguru kamwe mu gihe runaka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gushyira abana babiri hamwe mu kibuga cyabugenewe.
  2. Kubwira abana bari kumwe guhagarara ukwabo umwe iruhande rw’undi.
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Buri tsinda rya babiri rikora nkaho ari imodoka.
  Rigendagenda mu kibuga cyabugenewe mu bwisanzure, kandi bakirinda guhura n’izindi modoka.
  Nyuma yo kuvuza ifirimbi, mwarimu aravuga ngo:« imodoka zirahagaze !», abanabagahita bahagarara ku kaguru kamwe mu gihe cy’amasogonda atanu. Amatsinda y’abana babiri yombi agomba guhagarara hamwe.
  Nyuma y’amasegonda atanu, mwarimu avuza ifirimbi maze buri tsinda ritangire kugendera ku kaguru kamwe rifatanye amaboko.
  Kubwira abana kwitondera andi matsinda arimo kujarajara mu kibuga ariko bagakomeza kugendera ku kaguru kamwe.
  Nyuma y’amasegonda icumi gusaba abana ko bakongera kugendesha amavatiri yabo.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 5: Umuhigi n’urukwavu
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino umwana yinjira mu kibuga akavuga nomero ye mu gihe hatanzwe ikimenyetso, abari inyuma bakagerageza kumutera umupira na we akawuhunga ngo utamukoraho.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi abiri anganya umubare.
  2. Ikipi imwe igizwe n’abahigi, indi igizwe n’inkwavu.
  3. Buri kipi iha abakinnyi bayo inomero kuva ku wa 1 kugera ku wa nyuma
  4. Abahigi baba bazengurutse ikibuga, inkwavu ziri ku ruhande rumwe rw’ikibuga (reba ishusho).
  5. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, urukwavu rwa mbere rwinjira mu kibuga ruvuga inomero yarwo cyane. Rushobora kwinjirira mu ruhande rubonye.
  6. Iyo urukwavu rumaze kwinjira mu kibuga, abahigi bahana umupira bagira ngo barutere na rwo rukawitaza.
  7. Umuhigi ntagomba gutera intambwe afite umupira kimwe no kuwutindana mu ntoki birenze amasegonda
  8. Iyo urukwavu rwa mbere rutewe umupira, ruva mu kibuga, hakajyamo urukwavu rwa 2 barutera narwo rukavamo kugeza ku rukwavu rwa nyuma.
  9. Iyo inkwavu zirangiye, amakipi aragurana, abari inkwavu bagahinduka abahigi.
  10. Ikipe itsinze ni iyabashije gukoresha igihe gito ikura mu kibuga iyo bahanganye.
  
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Byari bikoroheye guhamya umupira umuntu uri mu ruziga hagati? Byasabaga iki?
  Wumvise umerewe gute igihe bari baguhamije umupira?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe mujya mukenera gutera ngo muhamye ikintu runaka?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Gufatanya na bagenzi bawe byagufashije iki mu kugera ku ntego yawe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Bashobora gushyira mu mukino inkwavu 2, 4, cyangwa 5 icyarimwe, urutewe umupira rugasimburwa na nomero iyikurikira.
  Babara inkwavu zatewe umupira ariko ntiziva mu mukino, ahubwo ku rukwavu rwatewe umupira ikipi y’abahigi ibona inota 1.
  Urukwavu rumwe ntirushobora guterwa inshuro zirenze eshatu, iyo birenze inshuro zikurikira ntizibarwa.
  Nyuma y’igihe cyagenwe bagurana amakipi nk’uko bisanzwe.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 6: Isazi n’igitagangurirwa
  Incamake y’umukino
  Abakinnyi binjira mu ruziga runini bagenda kaguru kamwe uwinjiye mu ruziga ruto agahita afatwa.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Guca inziga ebyiri zihuje izingiro, uruto rufite m 1 y’akarambararo, urunini rufite m 6 kugeza ku 8 z’akarambararo.
  2. Uruziga ruto ni icyari k’igitagangurirwa urunini n’ubudodo bwacyo.
  3. Umukinnyi uri mu ruziga ruto aba igitagangurirwa.
  4. Abandi bakinnyi (isazi) bahagarara inyuma y’uruziga runini bagendagenda inyuma yarwo uko bashaka.
  5. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi binjira mu ruziga runini, ariko uwinjiyemo agomba kugenda kaguru kamwe kugeza igihe aruviriyemo.
  6. Igitagangurirwa (kigenda bisanzwe) kiba gitegereje uwinjira mu ndodo zacyo ngo kimufate. Isazi zihunga zigana inyuma y’uruziga runini.
  7. Isazi ifatiwe mu ruziga ihinduka igitagangurirwa, uwari igitagangurirwa akaba isazi akajya hamwe n’abandi, umukino ugakomeza.
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 7: Nyirubugenge
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino umunyeshuri yiruka agana aho ikintu giteretse imbere ye, akakigenderaho nyuma akagenda kaguru kamwe kugera ku murongo w’impera.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Guhagarika abakinnyi, amakipi abangikanye inyuma y’umurongo w’intangiriro.
  3. Gushyira ibiti birambitse, urubaho ruteretse hejuru y’amatafari atondekanyije ku murongo, imbere ya buri kipi nko muri m 5 cyangwa m 6.
  4. Kwerekana umurongo w’impera.
  5. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, uwa mbere wa buri kipi yiruka agana ku kintu kirambitse imbere ye akakigenda hejuru, yakirangiza akagenda kaguru kamwe kugera ku murongo w’impera.
  6. Iyo amaze kurenga uwo murongo agaruka yiruka uko bisanzwe agakora mu kiganza cya mugenzi we bari mu ikipe imwenawe agakora nk’ibyo amaze gukora.
  7. Umukinnyi ukandagiye hasi akigenda hejuru y’icyo barambitse imbere ye agomba kongera gutangira kukigenda hejuru kugeza ubwo ashoboye kukinyura hejuru ataguye.
  8. Hatsinda ikipi irangije mbere.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bose banyuze hejuru y’ikintu kirambitse?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki mwakoze kugira ngo mutagwa igihe mwagendaga hejuru y’ikintu kirambitse?
  Ni iki mwiyumvisemo igihe mwambutse ikintu kirambitse mutaguye?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ahandi mwaba mwarigeze mugenda bikaba ngombwa ko mwigengesera ngo mutagwa?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni akahe kamaro k’imikino nk’iyi yo kwigengesera ku mubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagendera icyarimwe ku murongo.
  Umukinnyi uteshutse hejuru y’umugogo w’igiti atuma ikipe yose yongera gutangira.
  Iyo bavuye hejuru y’igiti, bagenda kaguru kamwe kugera ku murongo w’impera kandi nta wemerewe guca ku wundi.
  Hatsinda ikipi yatanze izindi kurenga umurongo w’impera.
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE IMIYEGO N’IHUZANGIRO
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE IMIYEGO N’IHUZANGIRO
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE IMIYEGO N’IHUZANGIRO
- IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO ITEZA IMBERE IMIYEGO N’IHUZANGIRO
  2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  Umunyeshuri azaba ashobora kugendera ku mirongo iboneye.
  2.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora
  imyitozo yo kugendera ku murongo, kuvuga akamaro kayo, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro.
  2.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo, azaba arimo no guteza imbere
  imico ikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu bazakinira hamwe nta n’umwe uzahezwa.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina, bazakundana, bazoroherana
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho, bahabwe imyitozo, n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kubaha aho bakinira.
  2.4. Urutonde rw’amasomo
  
  Isomo rya 1: Imyitozo n’imikino iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo yo kugendera ku murongo, kuvuga akamaro kayo,n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri akoresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo guteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro anabasobanurira icyo ayo magambo asobanura, akanareba yuko abanyeshuri bujuje ibisabwa muri iri somo.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: Agakoni
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino, abana bari ku murongo biruka bafite agakoni mu ntoki bakagera aho mwarimu yashyize ikimenyetso bakakizenguruka, bakagaruka aho batangiriye.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  Gukora amakipi y’abana 4 kugeza kuri 6.
  1. Guca umurongo ntangiriro kuri rumwe mu mpande z’ikibuga.
  2. Kubwira buri kipi igakora umurongo ugororotse inyuma y’umurongo ntangiriro umwana umwe inyuma y’undi.
  3. Gushyira ikimenyetso kuri metero 20 z’uburebure imbere ya buri kipi.
  4. Gutanga ubusobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Iyo mwarimu avugije ifirimbi abambere ba buri murongo biruka bazenguruka ikimenyetso mwarimu yashyizeho, bakagaruka ku murongo ntangiriro maze bagahereza agakoni umukinnyi ukurikira. Umwarimu asaba abana gukurikirana uko bahagaze kandi uvuye kwiruka akajya inyuma y’abandi.
  • Umukinnyi ukurikira ntashobora kugenda umukinnyi urangije atari yamuhereza agakoni.
  • Gukomeza kwiruka basimburana kugera abakinnyi bose birutse.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Buri mwana yirutse nyuma yuko bamuhereje agakoni?
  • Abana bose birukanse?
  
  Umukino wo kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura no kunanura umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze ute bagiye kuguhereza agakoni?
  • Wumvaga utekereza iki igihe wabaga utangiye kwiruka?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ahandi mujya mukenera kwiruka?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Kuki imyitozo yo kwiruka ari ingirakamaro?
  Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo imenyereza abanyeshuri kujya mu myanya
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo yo kugendera ku murongo, kuvuga akamaro kayo, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri akoresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Isomo ritangizwa n’ikiganiro
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo imenyereza abanyeshuri kujya mu myanya akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda yabugenewe akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora guteza impanuka mu kibuga.
  Umwitozo wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umwitozo : Kugendera kuri gahunda
  Incamake y’umwitozo
  Abanyeshuri bagendera ku murongo babiri babiri baringaniye, kandi buri munyeshuri akagenda abusanya amaguru n’amaboko.
  Imiterere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Mwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri ku mirongo ibiri ibiri.
  2. Iyo avugije ifirimbi, abanyeshuri batangira kugendera kuri iyo mirongo babiri babiri baringaniye.
  3. Mwarimu ashaka indirimbo ijyanye no kugendera kuri gahunda kw’abanyeshuri.
  4. Buri munyeshuri agomba kudasiga mugenzi we kandi, akagendera ku njyana y’indirimbo.
  5. Buri munyeshuri aba agomba kutabusanya ni ukuvuga ko uku guru kw’iburyo kugomba kugendana n’ukuboko, kw’ibumoso, naho ukuguru kw’i bumoso kukagendana na n’ukuboko kw’iburyo.
  6. Injyana y’indirimbo iba igomba kugendana n’injyana yo kugendera kuri gahunda (akarasisi)
  Urugero rw’indirimbo yakoreshwa mu karasisi:
  Iyo tugenda kuri gahunda
  Twumvisha injyana n’umucinyanjyana,
  Twumva ari byiza twumva biryoshye,
  N’abatureba bakishima,
  Rimwe kabiri moso ndyo, moso ndyo, moso ndyo
  Rimwe kabiri moso ndyo, moso ndyo, moso ndyo
  
  Umukino wo kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze ute igihe wahuzaga injyana n’indirimbo?
  • Wumvaga utekereza iki igihe wabusanyaga amaguru n’amaboko?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ahandi mujya mukenera kugendera kuri gahunda?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Kuki imyitozo ibamenyereza kujya mu myanya no kugendera kuri gahunda ari ingirakamaro?
  Isomo rya 3: Imyitozo n’imikino iteza imbere ubwenge
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere ubwenge ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo guteza imbere ubwenge n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze iteza imbere imiyego n’ihuzangiro.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ikindi gikoresho umunyeshuri koresha bimworoheye.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo iteza imbere ubwenge akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda yabugenewe akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora guteza impanuka mu kibuga.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  izina ry’umukino: Utabona
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino umwana ukina apfutse amaso agerageza kumenya ikerekezo no kuvumbura mugenzi we yabonye mbere yuko bamupfuka mu maso.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Mwarimu akora amatsinda abiri: iry’abakobwa ukwaryo n’iry’abahungu ukwaryo.
  2. Abanyeshuri muri buri tsinda bahagarara ku ruziga, umwe muri bo akajya mu ruziga akitegereza abaruriho nyuma bakamupfuka mu maso.
  3. Abanyeshuri bari ku ruziga baguma aho bari kandi bacecetse.
  4. Upfutse mu maso atangira kuzenguruka ku ruziga ashakisha umwe mu bakinnyi ngo amukoreho kandi anavuga n’izina rye.
  5. Iyo uwari upfutse mu maso amenye izina ry’uwo yakozeho uyu nawe bamupfuka mu maso agatangira gushakisha uwo akoraho abigenza nk’uwamubanjirije naho uwari upfutse mu maso agasanga abandi mu ruziga.
  6. Iyo uwo bapfutse mu maso atabashije kumenya izina ry’uwo yakozeho, asubira hagati mu ruziga agatangira gushakisha undi yakoraho.
  7. Iyo atsinzwe inshuro eshatu mwarimu amusimbuza undi munyeshuri.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abanyeshuri bagumye mu myanya yabo ku ruziga?
  • Umunyeshuri uri hagati arapfutse neza ku buryo atabona?
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Igihe bari bagupfutse mu maso wumvaga bimeze gute?
  • Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoresheje kugirango mumenye aho umuntu ari n’izina rye?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe ujya ukenera kwibuka ibintu wabonye mbere?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Byakumarira iki ubashije kwibuka neza ikintu wari wibagiwe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kongera inshuro zo gutsindwa kugira ngo umunyeshuri asimbuzwe undi.
  Isomo rya 4: Imyitozo igamije iterambere mu mibanire n’abandi
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo igamije iterambere mu mibanire n’abandi, ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo guteza imbere, imibanire n’abandi, ndetse n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, igiti, urubaho, udukoni n’ibindi bikoresho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo ifasha muguteza imbereimibanire ye n’abandi, akanareba ibindi byangombwa byubahirijwe.
  Umwitozo wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: Gufunganwa
  incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino usaba abana gukina imimaro myinshi bagenda basimburana, harimo abafungwa abandi bakabafungura.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubwira abana batarenze 5 kuba injangwe (abafunga) bakambara udushumi tw’ibara rimwe.
  2. Gufata abana batarenze 3 bakaba abafungura bakambara udushumi tw’irindi bara.
  3. Abana basigaye baba abo kwiruka.
  4. Kubwira abana bagakwira mu kibuga cy’umukino.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Iyo umukino utangiye, injangwe zigerageza gukora ku bana biruka kandi benshi bishoboka
  • Iyo umwana akozweho, aguma hamwe kugeza ubwo umukinnyi ushinzwe gufungura amukozeho, akamurekura ngo yongere agende.
  6. Mwarimu niwe ufata ikemezo k’igihe umukino urangirira.
  7. Guhinduranya imimaro ku bafata, abarekura n’abiruka.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kumenya niba abana bakinira ahantu hagari ku kibuga k’imikino kugira ngo batagongana
  • Abarekura bagerageza kurekura abana benshi bagumye hamwe?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze gute igihe wakinaga imimaro itandukanye?
  • Ni uwuhe mumaro wari ingirakamaro kurusha indi? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ubundi wari wafasha mugenzi wawe umusanze mu bibazo? Tanga urugero.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Wakwitwara gute igihe usanze mugenzi wawe cyangwa undi muntu wese mu ngorane?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bafashwe bagapfukama kugeza igihe babafunguriye?
  Gukina hamwe n’abana bishyize hamwe ari 2 harimo abafata n’abarekura.
  Isomo rya 5: Imyitozo iteza imbere imbamutima
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo iteza imbere imbamutima ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo guteza imbere imbamutima n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutambaro, isabune, amazi, n’ibindi bikoresho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo iteza imbere imbamutima akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umwitozo wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: Jya hagati
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bari ku ruziga banagira umupira bagenzi babo bari ku ruziga rumwe birinda ko umwana uri hagati mu ruziga awufata.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 6 kugeza 10.
  2. Kubwira abana bagakora uruziga.
  3. Gushyira umwana umwe wo muri buri tsinda hagati mu ruziga
  4. Guha umupira buri tsinda.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Abana bagize uruziga bahererekanya umupira hagati yabo ku buryo umwana uri hagati mu ruziga atawukoraho.
  • Abana ntibagomba guhereza umupira abana bari iruhande rwabo. Bagomba kugerageza guhereza umwe mu bana barebana.
  • Umwana uri hagati y’uruziga agomba kugerageza gufata umupira.
  • Iyo awufashe, ahinduranya umwanya. Iyo atabashije kuwusama nyuma y’iminota 2 cyangwa 3, mwarimu abwira undi mwana guhagarara hagati.
  6. Gukomeza umukino igihe cyose gishoboka.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kumenya niba abana batanaga umupira n’imbaraga nyinshi.
  • Buri mwana afite uburyo bwo kunaga no gusama umupira?
  • Umwana uri hagati afite ubushake bwo gutangira umupira byihuse?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze gute igihe wari uhagaze hagati y’uruziga?
  • Watekerezaga iki igihe wari uhagaze ku ruziga?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe waba warigeze guhezwa na bagenzi bawe mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe? Wumvise umeze gute?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni gute ushobora gufasha umuntu igihe umusanze mu bwigunge?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Gukora amatsinda y’abana 3.
  • Babiri muri buri kipi bagomba kwirinda ko umwana wa gatatu asama umupira.
  • Gutera umupira n’ikirenge kandi hasi mu mwanya wo kuwunaga.
  • Kongera umubare w’imipira mu mukino.
  • Gushyira abana mu kigeragezo cyo kunagisha umupira ukuboko batamenyereye gukoresha. Urugero: Niba asanzwe akoresha akaboko k’ibumoso ukamusaba kunaga umupira n’akaboko k’iburyo.
  2.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kabiri
  Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma niba ubushobozi bugamijwe bw’umunyeshuri bwagezweho, mwarimu ategurira abanyeshuri umukino ukurikira.
  Izina ry’umukino: Hunga kitakurya!
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino, abana bagendera hagati mu ruziga bameze nk’abigana uko amafi yoga ariko bahunga abashaka kubafata.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi y’abana 6 kugeza ku 10.
  2. Guca uruziga runini kuri buri tsinda.
  3. Gusaba abana b’ikipi imwe kuba amafi manini indi kipi ikaba udufi duto.
  4. Gutanga ubusobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Udufi duto n’amanini bigenda hagati y’uruziga byigira nkaho byoga.
  • Iyo mwarimu avuze: « ni igihe cyo kurya! » udufi duto twiruka tugerageza guhunga amafi manini.
  • Amafi manini agomba kugerageza gufata udufi duto.
  • Kubuza abana gusunikana.
  • Udufi duto dushobora kuva mu ruziga kugira ngo twishakire umutekano, ariko dushobora kuhaguma mu gihe gusa tubara turangurura ijwi kugeza kuri 3 (1, 2, 3) maze tukagaruka mu ruziga.
  • Umwana ukozweho ahinduka ifi nini.
  • Igihe cyo kurya kimara gusa amasogonda 10 kugeza 15. Hanyuma bakavuga« koga byisanzuye». Mu gihe cyo koga byisanzuye, abana bose boga mu mudendezo mu ruziga
  5. Gukomeza gukina kugeza ubwo udufi twose duhindutse amafi manini.
  6. Gutangira umukino abari amafi manini bahinduka udufi duto n’udufi duto duhinduka amafi manini.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Buri mwana aritabira iyo muvuze « ni igihe cyo kurya! »?
  • Abana bakinaga badasunikana?
  • Abana bose bahinduranyije imimaro?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Igihe mwirukaga ni ikihe gice cy’umubiri cyananiwe mbere?
  • Mwakoze iki kugira ngo mucike amafi manini?
  • Mwumvaga mumeze mute igihe amafi manini yabaga ari kubirukankana?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe wari wiruka uhunga umuntu cyangwa ikintu gishaka kugufata cyangwa kukugirira nabi? Gihe ki kandi wahungaga iki?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni iyihe myitozo mwakora kugira ngo ubutaha umubiri utazananirwa?
  • Ese iyo myitozo ni akahe kamaro kandi ifitiye umubiri?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bagasimbukira ku kaguru kamwe mu mwanya wo kwiruka.
  • Kongera amasegonda agenewe «ibihe byo kurya! » urugero, hagati y’amasegonda (30 na 45).
  2.6. Imyitozo /imikino y’inyongera
  a. Imyitozo/imikino y’imiyego n’ihuzangiro
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Mfasha duhaguruke.
  Incamake y’umukino
  Amatsinda y’abanyeshuri babiri babiri bicara bateranye umugongo bakaza guhaguruka igihe mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora itsinda ry’abana babiri babiri.
  2. Kubwira abana bagafata umwanya wabo mu kibuga k’imikino.
  3. Kubabwira bakicara bateranye umugongo no gusobekeranya amaboko ahagana mu nkokora (Reba ishusho).
  4. Gutanga ubusobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Iyo mwarimu avuze: «duhaguruke! », amatsinda ya babiri agomba kumvikana agahagurukira rimwe.
  • Abana bari mu ikipe imwe bagomba gukomeza gufatana amaboko.
  • Guha amatsinda y’abana babiri igihe gihagije cyo guhagarara.
  5. Kubwira abana bagahindura amakipi bagatangira umukino.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Buri mwana abasha kumvikana na mugenzi we bityo bagahaguruka?
  • Abana bose babashije guhaguruka batarekuranye?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki mwabonye gikomeye igihe mwageragezaga guhaguruka?
  • Ni iki cyabafashije guhaguruka?
  • Ni ibihe bice by’umubiri mwakoreshaga cyane kugirango mubashe guhaguruka neza?
  • Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe.
  • Ni ryari mujya mukenera gukoresha imbaraga z’amaboko?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Gukoresha imbaraga bimarira iki umubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bakagerageza guhaguruka bakoresheje akaguru kamwe.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Maguge
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana biruka bigana inguge bagana ahashyizwe ikimenyetso.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi y’abana 3-8
  2. Kubwira buri kipi igakora umurongo ugororotse inyuma y’umurongo ntangiliro umwana umwe inyuma y’undi.
  3. Gushyira umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso imbere ya buri kipi, ahagana metero 15 kugeza metero 20 (Reba ishusho).
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Uyu mukino biruka basimburana.
  • Umukino ugitangira, umukinnyi uri imbere kuri buri kipi, arunama agafata udutsitsino twe. Abakinnyi bari imbere «bariruka» bakazenguruka umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso bakagaruka ku murongo ntangiriro bagakora mu biganza by’umukinnyi ukurikira nawe agahita agenda (reba ishusho).
  • Abana ntibagomba kurekura udutsitsino twabo mu gihe bagenda.
  • Bagomba kwirinda kutikubita ivi ku kananwa. Kubashishikariza kwegura umutwe.
  5. Umwana uri bukurikireho yegera umurongo w’intangiriro kandi agomba gutegereza ko uwa mbere amukora mu biganza kugirango atangire kwiruka.
  6. Umukino urakomeza kugera abana bose birutse.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bafata udutsitsino igihe cyose cy’umukino?
  • Abana bategereza ko babakora mu biganza mbere y’uko batangira kwiruka?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyagukomereye igihe wirukaga?
  • Ni ibihe bice by’umubiri wumvaga bikora cyane?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  •Ni ibihe bikorwa bindi ujya ukora bigusaba guhina umugongo?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni akahe kamaro ko gukora imyitozo ngororangingo?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Guhindura igice cy’umubiri abana bagenda bafashe (urugero : umugongo cyangwa umutwe).
  • Gutangira kwiruka, ariko mugashyira ibikumirizo mu nzira bacamo ku buryo abana bagomba kubinyura hejuru.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Ibikona n’imisambi
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abagize ikipe imwe bagerageza kugera mu gace gafite umutekano badakozweho n’abo mu yindi kipi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kugabanyamo ikibuga ibice bine : ibice bibiri by’umutekano n’ibice bibiri biberamo umukino (reba ishusho).
  2. Gukora amakipi abiri anganya umubare w’abakinnyi : ikipi imwe yitwa ibikona iyindi ikitwa imisambi.
  3. Kubwira abakinnyi gukora umurongo utambitse umwe iruhande rwa mugenzi we kandi amakipi yombi arebana (Reba ishusho).
  4. Kubwira abana bari mu ikipe imwe gusiga metero imwe hagati yabo
  5. Amakipi agomba kuba atandukanyijwe na metero imwe.
  6. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Iyo mwarimu avuze ngo: « ibikona», ibikona bihiga imisambi kugera mu gice cy’umutekano wayo.
  • Iyo avuze ngo : «imisambi» imisambi ihiga ibikona kugera mu bice by’umutekano wabyo.
  • Umwana bafashe mbere y’uko agera mu gice cy’umutekano ahindura ikipi.
  7. Umukino urakomeza kugeza hasigaye umwana umwe mu ikipi imwe muri ayo makipi yombi.
  8. Kwizera ko igice kigenewe umukino gihagije ngo umukino ukinwe mu mutekano.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Umwana ufashwe ahindura ikipi?
  • Amakipi yose yubahirije intera iyatandukanya?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni ibihe bice by’umubiri mwakoresheje cyane muri uyu mukino?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Ni mu bihe bikorwa bindi mujya mukenera kwifashisha amaguru?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Gukomera kw’amaguru n’amaboko bimariye iki umubiri?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kongera uburebure bwa buri kibuga cy’umukino.
  • Kuvuga: «mwitonde…» mbere yo kuvuga igikona, umusambi kugira ngo abana bagume biteguye igihe kirekire gishoboka.
  • Kubwira abana bakicara igihe cyose avuze «igikona» cyangwa «umusambi», ubwo bagomba kubanza bagahaguruka mbere y’uko biruka.
  b. Imyitozo/imikino yo guteza imbere ubwenge
  Izina ry’umukino wa 1: Saveri/Saverina
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho abanyeshuri bakina bigana ibikorwa n’imiyego by’uyobora umukino.
  Imiterere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gusaba umwana w’umuhungu gukina yitwa Saveri n’uw’umukobwa gukina yitwa Saverina.
  2. Kubwira abana bakajya mu kibuga kiri bukinirwemo kandi bakareba Saveri cyangwa Saverina (bitewe n’ugiye kubayobora).
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Abana bagomba kujya bakora ibyo Saveri azajya abategeka gukora.
  • Urugero: Saveri agomba kubanza akavuga ati: Saveri aravuze ati: « Mukore ku mano yanyu »abana bose bagomba gukora ku mano yabo.
  • Igihe Saveri avuze ati: «mukore ku mano yanyu» ariko atabanje kuvuga ngo « Saveri aravuze ati….. », abana ntibagomba gukora ibyo abategetse. Ni ukumva ko Saveri yatangije interuro ivuga ngo « Saveri aravuze ati …. »
  • Saveri agerageza gukoresha abana amakosa. Urugero: « Saveri aravuze ati… »Mukore ku mazuru yanyu, Saveri aravuze ati : « Musimbuke mu kirere », « Mwizengurukeho ».
  • Birashoboka ko abana bakwizengurukaho ntibibuke ko Saveri atigeze avuga ngo « Saveri aravuze ati ».
  • Iyo umwana abikoze kandi Saveri atigeze abanza rya jambo rivuga ngo « Saveri aravuze ati», uwo mwana agomba kwiruka azenguruka abandi cyangwa agasimbuka ajya hejuru aho ahagaze inshuro eshanu.
  4. Nyuma y’iminota mwarimu yagennye, uhinduranya umwana undi akaba Saveri cyangwa Saverina.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Buri mwana arimo gukurikiza amabwiriza yatanzwe na Saveri cyangwa Saverina?
  • Abana babyishe bazengurutse cyangwa basimbutse?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyari kigukomereye mu mukino?
  • Ni iki mwasabwaga gukora kugirango mubashe kubahiriza ibyo Saveri na Saverina basabaga?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Mu buzima ni ryari ari ngombwa kutarangara?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Muzajya mukora iki kugirango mwumve neza ibyo bababwira?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Izina ry’umukino wa 2: Kwicira ijisho
  Incamake y`umukino
  Abana bareba umuntu urimo kubicira ijisho ari na ko bahinduranya imyanya vuba vuba bakimara kubicira ijisho.
  Imiyoborere n`amategeko by`umukino
  1. Mwarimu akora amatsinda y`abana 6 kugeza kuri 12.
  2. Gusaba buri mwana gushaka uwo bajya hamwe.
  3. Abana bamaze kujya hamwe umwe aba A undi akaba B.
  4. Gusaba abana bitwa A bose kwicara hasi bagakora uruziga hanyuma ugasaba uwitwa B gupfukama inyuma ya mugenzi we bari kumwe.
  5. Gusaba abana babiri gutandukana hanyuma bagapfukama.
  6. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Muri uyu mukino, abana badafite ababicaye imbere bagomba kubashaka.
  Kugirango ibi bigerweho, buri umwe muri aba bana bapfukamye agomba kwicira ijisho umwe mu bana bicaye bityo uwo biciye ijisho agahita agerageza kuva mu mwanya we akiruka asanga uwamwiciye ijisho.
  • Bityo rero umwana upfukamye inyuma y’ushaka gucika agomba gukoresha uko ashoboye akamubuza kugenda amukomanga buhoro mu mugongo mbere yuko ahaguruka.Iyo amukomanzeho ntaba agihagurutse.
  • Abana bapfukamye bagomba kureba gusa hejuru y’umutwe w’umwicaye imbere.
  7. Ni mwarimu uhitamo igihe umukino urangirira.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bapfukamye barareba gusa hejuru y’umutwe wa mugenzi wabo?
  • Abana ntibababazanya igihe umwe akoma ku wundi?
  • Abana bahaguruka ari uko biciwe ijisho?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyari gikomeye muri uyu mukino? ni iki cyaboroheye?
  • Ni nde wadusobanurira kutarangara icyo bivuga?
  • Kutarangara byaba byabafashije iki muri uyu mukino?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe mujya mukenera kutarangara?
  • Ni iki kijya kibafasha kutarangara?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino?
  • Ni iki muzajya mukora kugirango mubashe kubona neza ibyo babereka?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Abana bapfukamye bashobora kwicira ijisho abana benshi abo nabo bagatanguranwa kuza kwicara imbere y’ubiciye ijisho.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Nyamabara
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino wo mu itsinda aho abana biruka bazenguruka uruziga mu gihe bahamagaye ibara ryabo, bakagerageza gukora ku kintu kiri hagati y’uruziga ari aba mbere.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 3 kugeza 6.
  2. Guhagarika amatsinda yerekeza ahagana hagati y’uruziga (reba ishusho A).
  3. Guha abana bo muri buri tsinda amazina y’amabara.
  4. Umwana wa mbere wa buri tsinda yitwa « umutuku», uwa kabiri «ubururu», uwa gatatu « umuhondo», uwa kane «icyatsi», uwa gatanu «umweru» naho uwa gatandatu « umukara».
  5. Gushyira agapira cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso hagati mu ruziga (Reba ishusho A).
  6. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Mwarimu ahamagara ibara (urugero, «umutuku»). Abana bitwa ibara ry’umutuku bagomba kwiruka bazenguruka uruziga bakurikije ikerekezo k’inshinge z’isaha kugera aho bagarukiye mu ikipi yabo.
  • Mu gihe abitwa «umutuku» biruka, abasigaye ku murongo bakora ikiraro muri buri kipi bahuza ibiganza byabo hejuru y’imitwe yabo, bityo bakarema inzira igana mu ruziga rwagati (Reba ishusho B).
  • Abana biruka bagomba guca munsi y’ikiraro amakipi yabo yaremye bagakora ku mupira cyangwa ikimenyetso cyashyizwe hagati y’uruziga.
  7. Umukinnyi w’ikipi ukoze kuri uwo mupira cyangwa ikimenyetso kiri mu ruziga bwa mbere ahesha ikipe ye inota rimwe.
  8. Umukino urangira iyo ikipi yabonye amanota yateganyijwe (urugero amanota icumi)
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kumenya niba abana biruka mu kerekezo kimwe kugira ngo batagongana.
  • Abana bose bafashe amazina y’amabara yabo?
  • Umwana wirutse afite izina ry’ibara rihamagawe?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyari gikomeye muri uyu mukino?
  • Byagusabaga iki kugirango umenye ko ari wowe utahiwe kwiruka?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe byari byagusaba gutega ugutwi kugirango wumve ko izina ryawe rivugwa? Tanga urugero.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni mu kihe gihe ujya ukenera gutuza mu buzima bwawe?
  • Wakwitwara ute igihe hari umuntu urimo kukubwira ibyo ugomba gukora?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Guhamagara amazina atangirwa n’inyuguti zisa.
  • Guhindura uburyo bwo kwiruka: urugero, kubategeka gusimbuka cyangwa kwiruka banyura hejuru y’ibintu bashyize mu nzira.
  • Gushyira ibintu byinshi hagati kugira ngo amakipi menshi abone amanota menshi...
  
  Izina ry’umukino wa 4: Amerekezo
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino usaba ko abana bawukina bayega kandi bakurikiza amabwiriza bahawe.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  Ni umukino usaba ko abana bawukina bayega kandi bakurikiza amabwiriza bahawe.
  1. Kubwira abana bagahagarara mu kibuga barebana, bifashe mu mayunguyungu.
  2. Kubwira abana bakerekana bakoresheje urutoki amerekezo akurikira: ibumoso, iburyo, imbere n’inyuma.
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Uyu mukino wibanda ku buryo bwo kuyobora.
  • Kuvuga ikerekezo abana bagomba kwerekezamo (urugero, «Nimugane ibumoso», «Nimugane imbere»).
  4. Iyo mwarimu avuze ati :
  • Nimugane iburyo, basimbuka bagana iburyo.
  • Nimugane ibumoso, basimbuka bagana ibumoso.
  • Nimugane imbere, basimbuka bagana imbere.
  • Nimugane inyuma, basimbuka bagana inyuma.
  • Mwarimu niwe ufata ikemezo k’igihe umukino urangirira.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Ese abana barisanzuye ku buryo badasunikana?
  • Abana bagendera mu kerekezo gikwiye?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Uyu mukino wari ubashimishije?
  • Mwakoraga iki kugirango mubashe kumenya neza ikerekezo muri bujyemo?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ubundi mujya mukenera gutega amatwi?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni iki muzajya mukora kugira ngo mubashe kugana mu kerekezo mwifuza?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Guha abana amerekezo menshi yo kuganamo no kubabwira bakerekeza ahakwiye nyuma y’ahandi (urugero: « Nimutere intambwe ebyiri imbere kandi musimbuke gatatu mugana iburyo»).
  Izina ry’umukino wa 5: Ihute, gabanya, hagarara
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino umwana asabwa kwibuka igikorwa kitiriwe ibara maze akagikora.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubwira abana bagahagarara mu kibuga cy`imikino.
  2. Kubamenyesha amabara ari bukoreshwe ariyo: Umutuku,umuhondo n`icyatsi
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • “Umutuku” bisobanura guhagarara aho ugeze ukaguma aho wemye.
  • “Umuhondo” bisobanura kugenda buhoro.
  • “Icyatsi” bisobanura kugenda bihuta. (Aha abana basabwa kugenda bigana umuntu uri kugendera ku igare cyangwa mu modoka, kandi bakagenda bisanzuye mu kibuga k’imikino banirinda gusunika bagenzi babo mu gihe bagenda).
  4. Abana bakomeza kuyega, guhagarara bemye kugeza aho bahamagaye irindi bara.
  5. Kwimenyereza kuvuga amabara mbere yo gutangira umukino.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Ibyo abana bakora bihuza n’amabara yahamagawe?
  • Abana barakurikira neza?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni ryari wagombaga guhagarara, kwihuta cyangwa kugenda buhoro?
  • Byagusabaga iki kugirango ubashe gukora ibyo mwarimu yabaga asabye?
  Guhuza umukino n`ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe mu buzima busanzwe ujya ukenera gutega amatwi ngo wumve neza ibyo bakubwira? Tanga urugero.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry`inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni iki uzajya ukora kugirango ubashe kumva neza ibyo bakubwiye?
  • Byakumarira iki igihe wumvise neza ibyo wabwiwe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Gutangira umukino ariko ugahindura amabara.
  • Kubwira abana uburyo bagomba guhagararamo mbere yo gutangira umukino.
  Urugero: «Iyo mvuze umutuku, muhagarare n’ukuguru kumwe ukundi mu kirere n’urutoki ku zuru
  Izina ry’umukino wa 6: Uribuka uwo wanagiye?
  Incamake y`umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bakora uruziga bakagerageza kwibuka amazina ya bagenzi babo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategekob y’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda atatu agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza kuri 10 buri tsinda rigakora uruziga.
  2. Guha umupira umwana umwe muri buri tsinda.
  3. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Umwana umwe wo mu itsinda arahagarara agafata umupira mu ntoki akavuga izina ry’undi mwana bari kumwe mu itsinda akamunagira umupira. Umwana ugiye kunaga umupira abanza kureba neza uwo aza kuwunagira.
  • Uwo bawunagiye iyo amaze kuwusama nawe avuga izina ry’undi mwana agahita awumunagira bityo bityo.
  • Buri mwana agomba kwakira akanaga umupira inshuro imwe gusa.
  4. Kubwira buri mwana kwerekana akoresheje urutoki umuntu yanagiye umupira.
  5. Mu gihe umwana atibutse uwo yanagiye umupira arongera agasubiramo akanaga umupira bundi bushya.
  6. Iyo abana bamaze kumva neza ihame ry’umukino, bara igihe bagomba guhana umupira kuva ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa nyuma.
  7. Gukomeza umukino no kubwira abana bakagerageza guhebuza kuri buri nshuro.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bibuka amazina y’abandi bana?
  • Abana banagira umupira buri mwana uri mu ruziga inshuro imwe gusa?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyakugoye muri uyu mukino?
  • Wabwirwaga n’iki uwo ugomba guha umupira?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Ni hehe handi ujya ukenera kwibuka ibintu wabonye?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni iki uzajya ukora igihe bakwigishije ikintu bazongera kukubaza?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kongera imipira 2 cyangwa 3. Kubwira itsinda rikanaga buri mupira mu buryo bumwe mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’amasogonda hagati ya 5 na 10.
  c. Imyitozo / imikino iteza Imbere imibanire n’abandi
  Izina ry’umukino wa 1: Nyuramo umfungure
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bagerageza gukina nk’injangwe kandi bakaguma mu miyego yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gufata umwana agakina umumaro w’injangwe. Uwo mwana agerageza gufata abandi bana. Abana bakina umumaro w’injangwe bashobora kurenga umwe niba itsinda ari rinini.
  2. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Niba umwana ukina umumaro w’injangwe afashe umuntu, uwo bafashe arahagarara, kandi agomba guhagarara amaguru atandukanye.
  • Kugira ngo uwo mukinnyi yongere gukina, umwe muri bagenzi be agomba kunyura hagati y’amaguru ye.
  3. Umukino urangira igihe abakinnyi bose bagumishijwe hamwe ubutanyeganyega.
  4. Umukinnyi wafashwe bwa nyuma niwe ukina umumaro w’injangwe ku mukino utahiwe
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bagerageza kurekura bagenzi babo babanje kubanyura mu maguru?
  • Abana bose bafashwe barahagarara ubutanyeganyega?
  
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze ute igihe wabaga wafashwe utanyeganyega?
  • Ni ubuhe buryo bwakoreshwaga kugirango urekure uwafashwe?
  • Hari uwaba yibuka umuntu yafashije kongera kwiruka?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari uwaba yibuka igihe inshuti yaba yaramufashije kwivana mu bihe bigoye?
  Yabisobanura?
  • Yaba yarumvise amerewe ate?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Mwaduha ingero z’ibindi bintu mwakora ngo mufashe abandi bakeneye ubufasha?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino.
  Iyo umwana amaze kurekurwa, agomba kuguma afatanye n’umwana wamurekuye ari nako yirinda gufatwa.
  Izina ry’umukino 2: Inzitizi muntu
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bagerageza gusimbuka bigana intama bakanyura mu nzira irimo inzitizi zigizwe n’abandi bana bo mu ikipi yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bagerageza gusimbuka bigana intama bakanyura mu nzira irimo inzitizi zigizwe n’abandi bana bo mu ikipi yabo.
  1. Guca umurongo ntangiliro n’umurongo w’irangiza hifashishijwe ingwa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Umurongo w’irangiza ushyirwa kuri metero 15 kugera 20.
  2. Kurema amakipi y’abana 6 -10.
  3. Kubwira buri kipi guhagarara inyuma y’umurogo w’intangiriro.
  4. Gufata abana 2 babishaka kuri buri kipi gukina umumaro wo kuba inzitizi.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Buri mwana yiruka inshuro ye, asimbuka nk’intama agaca munsi y’inzitizi z’abantu.
  • Abantu babaye inzitizi bagomba kuba bahagaze batandukanyije amaguru ku buryo uwiruka agomba kuhanyura.
  • Iyo abana barenze inzitizi ya nyuma, bahinduka inzitizi nshya. Ibyo bigomba gutuma habaho inzitizinyinshi mbere yo kugera ku murongo w’irangiza.
  • Ikigamijwe muri uyu mukino ni uko abagize ikipi bose barenga umurongo w’irangiza banyuze kuri buri nzitizi y’inyongera.
  6. Kubwira umwana ukurikiyeho gutangira kwiruka igihe umukinnyi wa nyuma yabaye inzitizi y’umuntu nshya.
  7. Gukora uko bishobotse abana bose bakarenga inzitizi zose.
  8. Gutangira umukino, ariko bahinduranya umwanya w’icyo bakina n’uburyo bw’umukino kugira ngo umukinnyi wa nyuma ahinduke inzitizi ya mbere.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kumenya niba ibisobanuro byanyuze abana kandi ko bagomba kugenda ku muvuduko udateye ikibazo kuri buri wese muri uwo mukino.
  • Abana bitwararika igihe bari gusimbuka inzitizi? Bubahiriza umutekano w’abagenzi babo?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Abana bumva bameze bate igihe bahindutse inzitizi?
  • Byabasabaga iki kugira ngo bunganire bagenzi babo?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe mujya muhura n’inzitizi zibasaba ubufasha kugirango muzisohokemo?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Hari ubwo wari wahura n’ikibazo udashobora gukemura wenyine? Uramutse uhuye nacyo wakwitwara gute?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bose gukora umurongo w’ibikumirizo by’abantu mu mukino wo kwiruka uretse umwe A. Iyo A amaze kwiruka, akora ikindi gikumirizo. Avuga ngo : «Nimuze !» yerekana ko igikumirizo cy’umuntu cya mbere kigomba guhaguruka kigatangira kwiruka.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Umurizo w’ikirura
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino ikipe igizwe n’abana 3 bakorera hamwe kugirango birinde ko babakora ku murizo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubwira umwana 1 cyangwa 3 bagakina mu mwanya w’ugendera ku ifarasi.
  2. Kurema amatsinda y’abana 3
  3. Kubwira buri tsinda rigakora umurongo
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Buri tsinda riri ku murongo rikina mu mwanya w’ikirura. Buri mwana wo mu itsinda afite umwanya w’igice kimwe k’ikirura bitewe naho ahagaze mu murongo: uw’imbere aba umutwe, uwo hagati akaba igihimba naho uw’inyuma akaba umurizo.
  • Igihe cyose, abana baba abakina mu mwanya w’ikirura, cyangwa abagendera ku ifarashi, bagomba kuguma bafatanye buri wese afashe mu nda mugenzi we umuri imbere.
  • Abana bakina umumaro w’ikirura bagomba gukorera mu ikipi ngo bahagarare kure y’abagendera ku ifarasi. Abagendera ku ifarasi bagerageza gufata ikirura bakora ku murizo wacyo.
  5. Gushishikariza ikirura kutitandukanya. Iyo kitandukanyije umutwe wacyo uhinduka umurizo.
  6. Iyo ugendera ku ifarasi afashe ikirura, umutwe uhinduka ugendera ku ifarasi, naho ugendera ku ifarasi agahinduka umurizo w’ikirura.
  7. Mwarimu ni we ufata ikemezo k’igihe umukino urangirira.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bitwa ibirura bakina batarekurana?
  Abana bariruka bitabagoye kandi batarekurana?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Mwumvaga mumeze gute igihe mwakinaga mwitwa ikirura?
  • Igihe wakinaga nk’ikirura, ni uwuhe mwanya wifuzaga gukinaho kurusha iyindi? Kubera iki?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe mu buzima bwawe waba warigeze kuyobora abandi?
  • Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze gukorera mu ikipe ariko buri wese afite inshingano zitandukanye n’iza mugenzi we?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni akahe kamaro ko gukorera mu ikipi ariko buri wese afite inshingano ze?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Gusaba imitwe y’ikirura igafata imirizo y’ibindi birura aho gukorwa n’abagendera ku ifarasi.
  • Kongera umubare w’abana barema ikirura no kubabaza uko biyumva ku buryo bunganira ikipi yabo mu gihe ari nini.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 4: Injangwe zifatanye
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho abana birinda gufatwa bakagerageza gufata mu nkokora z’abana bo mu yandi matsinda agizwe n’abana babiri.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gushyira abana mu matsinda ya babiri babiri.
  2. Kubwira amatsinda ya babiri gakajya mu kibuga.
  3. Kubwira itsinda rigatangira umukino rishaka gufata abandi.
  4. Kubwira irindi tsinda rigatangira umukino rihunga abashaka kurifata.
  5. Kubwira andi matsinda ya babiri bagafatana amaboko ahahera mu nkokora (reba ishusho)
  6. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Iyo umukino utangiye, abakurikira bagerageza gufata abahunga.
  • Iyo abakurikira (bafatanye amaboko) bafashe uhunga, abakinnyi bafatana amaboko ari batatu bakagerageza gufata uwa kane.
  • Iyo itsinda rikurikira ribaye bane, bahita bakora amatsinda abiri.
  7. Gukomeza gukina kugeza ubwo abana bose babonye uburyo bwo kuba abakurikira.
  8. Utsinda ni umwana wafashwe nyuma y’abandi cyangwa se umwana wananiye abakurikira mu gihe cyatanzwe na mwarimu.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bafatanye mu nkokora ntibarekurana?
  • Abana bose babashije gukina, guhiga no guhunga?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga bimeze gute igihe wahigaga cyangwa wahigwaga?
  • Biyumvise bate igihe bafashije uhunga abasaba kubafata mu nkokora?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Waba wibuka mu buzima igihe umuntu yaba yaragufashije mu gihe wari ubikeneye? Wumvise umerewe gute?
  • Wowe se hari igihe waba warafashije undi muntu? Byari byagenze gute?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni mu bihe bihe ushobora gufasha umuntu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gushyiraho ikipi A n’ikipi B. Guha amatsinda ya babiri bafatanye uburyo bwo «kubangamira» uhunga wo mu mbangikanwa kwifatanya nabo bavuga «harafunze» igihe yegereje kuhashaka ubuhungiro.
  d. Imyitozo/imikino iteza imbere imbamutima
  Izina ry’umukino wa 1: Findura inyamaswa
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu umukino abana barema uruziga bakigana urusaku rw’inyamaswa bagerageza guhindura ijwi ryabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  2. Kubwira buri tsinda rigakora uruziga.
  3. Gusobanurira abana ko buri muntu agomba kumenya izina n’ijwi rya buri wese.
  4. Kubaha iminota 2 cyangwa 3 ngo bimenyereze kuvuga neza izina rya buri wese ari nako bimenyereza gufata amajwi ya bagenzi babo.
  5. Gufata umwana muri buri tsinda akaba «ushakisha inyamaswa».
  6. Gushyira agatambaro ku maso y’ushakisha inyamaswa no kumuha inkoni. Kubwira ushakisha inyamaswa agahagarara hagati y’uruziga.
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Abana bo mu ruziga bagenda mu buryo bw’inshinge z’isaha.
  • Iyo ushakisha inyamaswa akubise gatatu n’inkoni ye hasi, abana bagomba guhagarara.
  • Ushakisha inyamaswa yerekeza umutwe w’inkoni mu kerekezo abonye cyose cy’uruziga. Umwana uri hafi y’inkoni afata undi mutwe w’inkoni.
  • Umwana ufashe inkoni yigana ijwi ry’inyamaswa ahisemo. Ushakisha inyamaswa agerageza gufora inyamaswa yiganwa n’ufashe inkoni. Ushakisha inyamaswa afite uburenganzira inshuro 3 z’igerageza.
  • Iyo inshuro eshatu zirangiye ataramenya ijwi ry’uwo yatunze inkoni, uwo yatunze ahinduka ushaka ijwi ry’inyamanswa.
  8. Gukomeza gukina kugeza ubwo abana bose bashaka kuba abashakisha inyamaswa babigezeho.
  9. Kumenya niba abana bakoresha inkoni neza. Kumenya niba uruziga ari runini ku buryo abana batakozanyaho inkoni.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bari mu ruziga barapfutse neza ku buryo batabasha kureba ufashe ku nkoni?
  • Abana bafite ijwi risa n’iry’inyamaswa barimo kwigana?
  • Abana benshi bafite uburyo bwo kuba abashakisha inyamaswa?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Wumvaga umeze ute igihe wiganaga ijwi ry’inyamaswa imbere ya bagenzi bawe umukino ugitangira?
  • Watekerezaga iki igihe mwabaga muri kuzenguruka ku ruziga?
  • Ni iki cyagukomereye igihe wari upfutse mu maso?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe wari wafindura izina ry’umuntu cyangwa ikintu kivugiye kure? tanga urugero
  • Ni mu bihe bihe bindi abantu abantu bashobora guhindura amajwi yabo cyangwa kwihindura uko batari?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni ukubera iki ari ingenzi kumenya gutandukanya amajwi y’abantu n’ibintu bitandukanye?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana 2 bakiganira rimwe inyamaswa
  Izina ry’umukino wa 2: Umumararungu w’ibwami
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana barema uruziga bakagerageza kureba umwana basetsa.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amatsinda y’abana 6 kugeza 10.
  2. Kubwira buri tsinda rigakora uruziga.
  3. Kubwira ubishaka muri buri tsinda kuba «umumararungu w’ibwami» agahagarara hagati y’uruziga.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Uko umukino uteye ni uko umumararungu w’ibwami asetsa umwe mu bagize ikipi ye.
  • Umumararungu afite umunota umwe wo gukora ikintu cyo gusetsa umwe mu bagize ikipi ye.
  • Iyo umwana asetse, ajya hagati mu ruziga agahinduka umumararungu mushya.
  Iyo abana babiri cyangwa barenze basekeye rimwe, bemeza hagati yabo uba umumararungu mushya.
  5. Mwarimu niwe ufata ikemezo cyo kurangiza umukino
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bose babaye abamararungu?
  • Abana baragerageza gusetsa abandi
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyabashimishije muri uyu mukino?
  • Ni iki watekereje igihe wari uhindutse umumararungu?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Mu buzima, ni iki gikunda kugusetsa cyane kurusha ibindi?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  • Ni mu bihe bihe wumva wakenera gusetsa abandi?
  • Guseka bifite akahe kamaro mu buzima?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana babiri kubera rimwe abamararungu b’ibwami.
  • Gukora amatsinda agizwe n’abana 3 no kubarekera iminota 5 yo guhanga agakino cyangwa agakorwa bigamije gusetsa abana bagize ayandi makipi.
  Izina ry’umukino wa 3: Igitagangurirwa
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukinwa ibitagangurirwa bigerageza gufata isazi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko y’umukino
  1. Umukino w’injangwe aho ibitagangurirwa bigerageza gufata amasazi.
  2. Kugabanyamo ikibuga ibice 3 kandi igice cyo hagati kikaba kinini (reba ishusho).
  3. Gusobanurira abana ko igice cyo hagati kigereranywa n’ubutimba bw’igitagangurirwa naho ibice bihera bigafatwa nk’ishyamba.
  4. Kubwira abana bakavuga ibyo ibitagangurirwa birya (urugero, amasazi, n’utundi dukoko.)
  5. Gufata abana babiri bagakina bitwa ibitagangurirwa.
  6. Kubwira ibitagangurirwa bikicara hagati y’indodo bikigiza nkana nkaho biryamye
  (Reba ishusho), abandi bana basigaye bakitwa isazi.
  7. Kubwira abana bakaduhira nk’amasazi (urugero, «Bzzz…Bzzz).
  8. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Umukino utangirana n’amasazi aduhira «bzzz» hafi y’ibitagangurirwa.
  • Iyo mwarimu avuze: «Ibitagangurirwa nimuhaguruke! », ibitagangurirwa birahaguruka bikagerageza gutangatanga amasazi ashoboka no kuyafata.
  • Isazi zishobora gucika zigahungira mu ishyamba. Iyo zimaze kugera mu ishyamba, ntibiba bigishobotse kuzifata.
  • Iyo isazi ifashwe, ihinduka igitagangurirwa ikinjira mu ikipi y’ibitagangurirwa.
  • Ibitagangurirwa bikicara bikongera kwigiza nkana nkaho biryamye, n’isazi zikaduhira iruhande rwabyo kugeza aho bavugiye: «Ibitagangurirwa nimuhaguruke! »
  • Umukino urakomeza kugeza aho amasazi yose afashwe.
  • Gutangirana umukino n’abandi bana bagafata umwanya wo kwigana ibitagangurirwa.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kureba niba ubugari bw’imbuga y’umukino bujyanye n’umubare w’abana.
  • Isazi ziduhira iruhande rw’ibitagangurirwa biryamye kure y’ishyamba?
  • Abana bose babaye amasazi n’ibitagangurirwa?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki cyari kigukomereye muri uyu mukino?
  • Ni iki wiyumvisemo ugeze mu ishyamba?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe wari wigeze uhunga ikintu ukaza kugera aho wumva utekanye?
  sobanura
  • Hari ibindi bikorwa waba uzi biteza umutekano muke?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Wakora iki mu muryango ubamo ngo wumve ko mufite umutekano?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Bashobora rimwe na rimwe kuvuga «Imvura igwe» mu mwanya wa «Ibitagangurirwa muhaguruke» no kubwira isazi igahiga ibitagangurirwa noneho ibi bigahungira mu ishyamba.
UMUTWE WA 3: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO NGORORAMUBIRI
UMUTWE WA 3: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO NGORORAMUBIRI
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA 3: IMYITOZO N’IMIKINO NGORORAMUBIRI
- 3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  umunyeshuri azaba ashobora gukora imyitozo inyuranye yo kwiruka, gusimbuka no kunaga.
  3.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino ngororamuburi ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo n’imikino y’ibanze, y’igororagingo ndetse no kuvuga akamaro kayo.
  3.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo, azaba arimo no guteza imbere imico ikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu bazakinira hamwe nta n’umwe uhejwe.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina, bazakundana,bazoroherana.
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho, bahabwe imyitozo,n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kuba aho bakinira, aho bazaba bakinira.
  
  Isomo rya mbere: Imyitozo yo kwiruka hagati ya metero 20 na 30
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino ngororamubiri ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo guteza imbere umubiri, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, udutenesi,imipira, udutebo, imigozi n’imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo iyo kwiruka,n’ikindi abona ko cyafasha kugira ngo isomo rigende neza.
  Umwitozo yo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Ikitonderwa: Iri somo rizagira amasaha abiri hazatandukanywe imikino.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: Intama n’ikirura
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino intama zigerageza kwiruka zihunga ikirura.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abakinnyi kuva ku 10 kugeza kuri 15.
  2. Kubwira buri kipi kwihitiramo umushumba wayo ndetse n’ikirura
  3. Iyo mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso,umushumba ahamagara intama maze zikiruka zihunga ikirura kigerageza kuzifata. Intama ntizigomba kurenga imbibi z’ikibuga.
  4. Intama ifashwe yirukankisha akaguru kamwe igafasha ikirura gufata izindi.
  5. Umukino umara iminota 20.
  6. Intama zitafashwe ni zo ziba zatsinze.
  7. Abakinnyi bagomba kwirukanka ku ntera hagati ya metero 20 na 30
  8. Abakinnyi bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya mwarimu
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Urugero rw’umukino wo kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze gute nyuma yo gufatwa?
  Byari bikoroheye kwiruka kaguru kamwe?
  Byari bikomeye gufata intama?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe wari wakenera guhunga cyangwa gufata ikintu?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Uratekereza ko umwitozo wo kwiruka wakumarira iki mu buzima bwawe?
  Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo yo gusimbuka
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gusimbuka ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gusimbuka,n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, udutenesi,imipira, udutebo, imigozi n’imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gusimbuka, atange n’izindi nama zatuma isomo rigenda neza.
  Umwitozo wo kwishyushya.
  • Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umwitozo: Gusimbuka umugozi
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mwitozo, abana babiri bafata umugozi bakawuzunguza maze abandi bana bagenzi babobakawusimbuka. Umwana umwe kandi na we ashobora kwizunguriza umugozi anawusimbuka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umwitozo
  1. Gusimbuka umugozi uzamuye gato usimbukira mu mpande zose.
  2. Gusimbuka umugozi uhagaze hamwe. (Ibi bikorwa n’umunyeshuri ku giti ke).
  3. Gusimbuka umugozi w’abana batatu, babiri bafata umugozi bawuzunguza naho uwa gatatu akawusimbuka, bagahinduranya umurimo bakoraga kugira ngo buri mwana asimbuke.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bakoresha imbaraga ngo bashobore gusimbukira mu mpande zose?
  Abana babasha gusimbukira hamwe batagendagenda hirya no hino?
  Abana bamwe bashyira hamwe ngo babashe gufasha mugenzi wabo gusimbuka?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imi.kino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze gute mu gihe wasimbukaga mu mpande zose?
  Wabigenzaga gute kugira ngo ubashe gusimbuka igihe kirekire?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe mu buzima bwawe waba waragerageje kugira ikintu usimbuka?
  Sobanura.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Hari ingaruka nziza mu mubiri wanyu zishobora kuba mu gihe mukina uyu mukino?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri basimbukira rimwe.
  Guhidura uburyo bwo kuzunguza umugozi (Urugero: bawerekeza imbere bagahindura bakerekeza inyuma).
  Isomo rya 3: Imyitozo yo kunaga no gusama
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo kunaga no gusama ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo kunaga no gusama, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, udutenesi,imipira, udutebo, imigozi n’mitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo kunaga no gusama umupira.
  Umwukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Hitamo umukino ukurikira cyangwa umwe mu mikino /Imyotozo ikurikira ku mpera y’umutwe wa mbere cyangwa uwa kabiri.
  Urugero rwa mbere: Izina ry’umukino: Umuhigo
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abakinnyi bagerageza gutera bagenzi babo umupira ngo bawubahamye.
  Bashobora guhanahana umupira kugira ngo baze kuwubatera babatunguye.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gushyira abanyeshuri mu kibuga.
  2. Guteganya umukinnyi umwe uba umuhigi.
  3. Umuhigi akaguma inyuma y’ikibuga, afite umupira.
  4. Umuhigi atera umupira agerageza kuwuhamya umukinnyi.
  5. Umukinnyi utewe umupira ahinduka umuhigi, agasanga uwa mbere inyuma y’ikibuga.
  6. Abahigi bashobora guhanahana umupira kugira ngo batungure abandi bakinnyi.
  7. Iyo abahigi bamaze kuba batatu, ntibashobora gutera intambwe ebyiri bafashe umupira, bagomba kuwuhanahana cyangwa se bakawutera abakinnyi.
  8. Umukinnyi urenze imbago z’ikibuga na we ahinduka umuhigi.
  9. Umukino urangira iyo hasigaye umukinnyi umwe utakozwe n’umupira, akaba ari we utsinze.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Umwana agerageza guhamya mugenzi we akoresheje umupira?
  Umupira bari gukoresha ukoze ku buryo utababaza uwo bawuteye?
  Umwana bateye umupira arahita aba umuhigi?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no unanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Byaboroheraga guhamya umupira bagenzi banyu?
  Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoreshaga kugira ngo mubashe kubahamya?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe wari watera ikintu ukagihamya? Tanga urugero.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Bimarira iki umubiri wacu gukora umwitozo wo kunaga (gutera cyangwa
  kujugunya)?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abana no kugumisha abana batewe umupira hagati y’ikibuga cy’umukino kugera aho bose barangiye icyo gihe hakaba hatsinze uwa nyuma.
  Urugero rwa kabiri: Izina ry’umukino: Tubatange
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino, abakinnyi bafite umupira banagira bagenzi babo nabo bakawubagarurira.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Kugabanya abakinnyi mo amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Buri kipi igahagarara ku murongo.
  3. Umwe mu bakinnyi ba buri kipi ahagarara muri m 5 cyangwa 6 imbere y’ikipi ye afite umupira.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umukinnyi ufite umupira awunagira uwa mbere w’ikipi ye na we akawumusubiza.
  5. Akomeza kunagira umupira abakinnyi, umwe umwe na we bawumusubiza kugeza ku wa nyuma.
  6. Iyo umupira umaze kuzenguruka abakinnyi bose ku nshuro ikurikira 5) uwa nyuma ku murongo asimbura uwanagaga umupira, uwawunagaga akajya gufata umwanya wa mbere ku murongo.
  7. Umukino ukomeza utyo kugeza ubwo abakinnyi bose bahetuye.
  8. Hatsinda ikipi, uwa mbere wayo atanze abandi gusubira mu mwanya we yari arimo mbere y’umukino.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bahagarara bakurikije amabwiriza ya mwarimu?
  Umwana usamye umupira abasha kuwusubiza vuba uwawumunagiye?
  Buri mwana yagiye imbere ngo anagire abandi umupira?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  f. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki abana biyumvamo iyo bamaze kunagirana umupira kugeza ku mwana wa nyuma?
  Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoresheje kugirango mubashe gutanga abandi bo mu rindi tsinda?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warakoze irushanwa nk’iri utanguranwa na bagenzi bawe kurangiza mbere? Sobanura.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Imikino nk’iyi imarira iki umubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abana no kugumisha abana batewe umupira inyuma y’umurongo kugera aho bose barangiye icyo gihe hakaba hatsinze uwa nyuma.
  3.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatatu
  Mwarimu azigisha umukino ugamije kureba niba ibyari bigamijwe muri uyu mutwe abanyeshuri bashobora kubikora.
  Izina ry’umukino: Ubwisungane mu kwivuza
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino, abana biruka bagerageza guhunga bagenzi babo baba babirukankana.
  Ibikoresho bikenewe:
  Ikibuga, ingwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyafasha mu kugaragaza umwanya wagenewe ubujyanama n’ubuhungiro.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi abiri, ikipi imwe yitwa “Abajyanama b’ubuzima” indi kipi yitwa abaturage batishyuye ubwisungane mu kwivuza.
  2. Gutegura umwanya ugenewe ubuhungiro kuri metero eshatu inyuma y’ikibuga n’undi mwanya wagenewe ubujyanama ugomba kuba uherereye mu nguni imwe muri enye z’ikibuga.
  3. Gushyira abatarishyuye ubwisungane mu kwivuza mu mwanya wagenewe ubuhungiro hanyuma umujyanama w’ubuzima agahagarara mu kibuga hagati.
  4. Iyo mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abatarishyuye ubwisungane mu kwivuza bava mu mwanya wagenewe ubuhungiro bakiruka mu kibuga. Umujyanama w’ubuzima agerageza kubafata. Abatarishyuye ubwisungane mu kwivuza bagerageza guhunga umujyanama w’ubuzima ntibagomba kurenga imbibe z’ikibuga ariko.Ufashwe bamujyana ahakorerwa ubujyanama.
  5. Abafashwe baba bafatanye mu ntoki.
  6. Ahakorerwa ubujyanama hagomba kuba harinzwe n’abajyanama b’ubuzima batatu bakaba bashinzwe kubuza abatarafatwa kuza gukuramo abaje kugirwa inama.
  7. Iyo umwana utarafatwa akoze kuri umwe mu bafashwe, umukino urahagarara abakinnyi bagahinduranya imyanya.
  8. Nyuma y’imikino ibiri, ikipi ifite umubare muto w’abafashwe niyo iba itsinze.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Abanyeshuri bashobora guhindura umukino aho abirukankana abandi bakifashi umupira, uwo bawuteye (bawunazeho) agahita aza kubafasha kwirukankana abandi.
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Byari biboroheye gucika abajyanama b’ubuzima?
  Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoreshaga kugira ngo mufate abatarishyuye ubwishingizi mu kwivuza?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe mwaba mwarigeze guhunga umuntu cyangwa ikintu kibirukankana?
  Mwakoresheje ubuhe buryo?
  Ni akahe kamaro ko kwishyura ubwisungane mu kwivuza?
  Hari ibindi bihe mujya mukenera kwiruka cyane?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Umwitozo wo kwiruka uzakumarira iki mu buzima bwawe?
  Abo muturanye uzabafasha iki kubirebana n’ubwisungane mu kwivuza?
  3.6. Imyitozo/imikino y’inyongera
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Gusimbuka umugozi
  Incamake y’umukino
  muri uyu mwitozo, abana babiri bafata umugozi bakawuzunguza maze abandi bana bagenzi babo bakawusimbuka. Umwana umwe kandi na we ashobora kwizunguriza
  umugozi anawusimbuka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umwitozo
  1. Gusimbuka umugozi uzamuye gato usimbukira mu mpande zose.
  2. Gusimbuka umugozi uhagaze hamwe. (Ibi bikorwa n’umunyeshuri ku giti ke).
  3. Gusimbuka umugozi w’abana batatu, babiri bafata umugozi bawuzunguza naho uwa gatatu akawusimbuka, bagahinduranya umumaro kugira ngo buri mwana asimbuke.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bakoresha imbaraga ngo bashobore gusimbukira mu mpande zose?
  Abana babasha gusimbukira hamwe batagendagenda hirya no hino?
  Abana bamwe bashyira hamwe ngo babashe gufasha mugenzi wabo gusimbuka?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze gute mu gihe wasimbukaga mu mpande zose?
  Wabigenzaga gute kugira ngo ubashe gusimbuka igihe kirekire?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe mu buzima bwawe waba waragerageje kugira ikintu usimbuka?
  Sobanura.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Hari ingaruka nziza zishobora kuba mu gihe bakina uyu mukino mu mubiri wabo?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri basimbukira rimwe.
  Guhidura uburyo bwo kuzunguza umugozi (Urugero bawerekeza imbere bagahindura bakerekeza inyuma).
  Izina ry’umukino: Nzi gusimbuka cyane
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Umukino wo gusimbuka aho umukinnyi wa mbere wa buri kipi asimbuka cyane nk’uko basimbuka «umurambararo» maze umukurikiye agasimbuka ahereye aho uwa mbere yagejeje asimbuka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kugabanya abakinnyi mo amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Amakipi yose ahagarara ku murongo.
  3. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umukinnyi wa mbere wa buri kipi asimbuka cyane ajya imbere ye nk’uko basimbuka umurambararo.
  4. Bashyira ikimenyetso aho akandagije udutsinsino bwa mbere amaze gusimbuka.
  5. Umukurikira ahagarara aho uwa mbere yakandagije udutsinsino na we agasimbuka agana imbere.
  6. Bikomeza bityo, ukurikira ahagarara mu birenge by’umaze gusimbuka na we agasimbuka kugeza ku wa nyuma.
  7. Iyo uwa nyuma amaze gusimbuka berekana ikipi itsinze bakurikije abakinnyi basimbutse harehare.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana babasha gusimbuka cyane bagana imbere?
  Umwana ukurikira agerageza guhagarara aho uwambere yakandagije udutsintsino?
  
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki wiyumvisemo ugiye gusimbuka?
  Hari inzitizi cyangwa imbogamizi waba wahuye nazo igihe wasimbukaga?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze usimbuka bigutunguye? Hari habaye iki
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ese kumenya gusimbuka ubona hari icyo byagufasha mu buzima bwawe?
  Tanga urugero
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Bashobora guhindura umurambararo, gusimbuka bagana mu mpande cyangwa gusimbuka basubira inyuma.
UMUTWE WA 4:UMUPIRA W’AMAGURU
UMUTWE WA 4:UMUPIRA W’AMAGURU
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA 4:UMUPIRA W’AMAGURU
- Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira ufashwe mu kiganza (umunyezamu)
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira wari ufashe mu kiganza ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, imipira,udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gutera umupira akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira ufashwe mu kiganza (umunyezamu)
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira wari ufashe mu kiganza ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, imipira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gutera umupira akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umukino wo kwishyushyabyose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya4.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  Umunyeshuri azaba ashobora: Gushorera umupira, kuwutera no gukina imikino yoroheje igaragaza ubufatanye.
  4.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino y’umupira w’amaguru ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze, ku mupira w’amaguru, ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’uwo mukino mu buzima busanzwe.
  4.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo, azaba arimo no guteza imbere imico ikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu, bazakinira hamwe nta n’umwe uzahezwa.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina, bazakundana, bazoroherana.
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho, bahabwe imyitozo,n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kuba aho bakinira aho bazaba bakinira.
  4.4. Urutonde rw’amasomo
  
  Isomo rya mbere: Imyitozo yo gushorera umupira
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gushorera umupira ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri n’ikibaho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gushorera umupira, akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Gutwara umupira uko wishakiye
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bakorera mu itsinda rimwe kugira ngo bayobore umupira kugera ahantu hagaragara bakawugarura bakurikiza imiyego ihuje n’iy’uyobora ikipi yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  Guca umurongo batangiriraho ugaragara.
  Kubwira abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagatonda umurongo umwe urambuye inyuma y’umurongo ntangiriro.
  Gushyira umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kintu imbere ya buri kipi ahagana metero 10 cyangwa 15 (Reba ishusho).
  Gutanga ibisobanuro no gutanga urugero: Umwana uri imbere niwe uyobora ikipi. Uwo mwana agomba kuyobora umupira mu kibuga, akawuzengurutsa umutemeri akawugarura aho ikipe ye ihagaze mu buryo bw’ubuhanga (urugero: asunikisha umupira ikirenge, awutarukana hagati y’amaguru ye, azengurutsa umupira igihimba ke).
  Iyo uyobora umupira w’urujijo agarutse, buri mwana agenda aho hantu yigana ibikorwa by’uwayoboye byo kugendesha umupira mu kibuga, akazenguruka ikimenyetso bashyize imbere y’ikipi ye akagaruka ku murongo ntangiriro.
  Nyuma y’uko abakinnyi b’ikipi barangije, umwana wa kabiri wo ku murongo ahinduka uyobora umukino.
  Gushishikariza uyobora umukino guhitamo tekiniki nshya zo kuyobora umupira ku kibuga, bazenguruka ikintu.
  Kubwira abana bose kongera gutangira izo nzira zose kugeza ubwo buri mwana abaye uyobora ikipe.
  Iyo umwana agaruye umupira ku murongo awushyikiriza ukurikiyeho we agahita ajya ku murongo inyuma ya bagezi be.
  Kwibutsa abana kugendera ku murongo umwe imbere yabo kugira ngo badahutaza abagize andi makipi arimo gukina kimwe nabo.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abayobora umupira bari kuyobora neza umupira nk’uko babyize?
  Abana bose basubiramo neza ibikorwa by’abayobora amakipi yabo?
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Abayoboraga amakipi ni gute batekerezaga ku bikorwa by’ubuhanga bibafasha kuyobora umupira?
  Kuyobora ikipi byabashimishije? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Mwumvishe mumeze gute igihe mwakurikiraga uyobora ikipi cyangwa itsinda igihe cy’umukino? Musobanure.
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari igihe mu buzima bwawe waba warakoze ibintu bityo abandi bakakwigana kubikora?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bakayobora umupira bakoresheje ibindi bice by’umubiri usibye ibirenge.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri:Umuhigo w’inkwavu
  Incamake y’umukino
  
  Ni umwitozo ukorwa aho abanyeshuri bitozanya ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushorera umupira bakoresheje ikirenge kugeza ku murongo w’izamu, bagenzi babo bakabiruka inyuma bashaka kuwubambura.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso inkwavu zambukiranya ikibuga zishoreye umupira.
  2. Nyuma y’amasegonda make mwarimu atanga ikindi kimenyetso abahigi bakagerageza kuzirukaho bashaka kuzambura umupira.
  3. Umuhigi wambuye urukwavu umupira nawe ahita awihutana awushorera awusubiza aho inkwavu zatangiriye.
  4. Buri rukwavu rwambuwe umupira ruvamo rukajya ku ruhande rugategereza ko umukino wongera gutangira.
  5. Inkwavu zambukiranyije ikibuga zitambuwe umupira zongera gusubira aho zaturutse abahigi bazitera.
  6. Nyuma inkwavu zihinduka abahigi umukino ukongera ugatangira.
  7. Iyo umukino urangiye buri kipi ibara inkwavu zambuwe umupira, itsinze ni iba ari iyambuye umupira inkwavu nyinshi.
  
  Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira ufashwe mu kiganza (umunyezamu)
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira wari ufashe mu kiganza ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, imipira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gutera umupira akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: mpa nguhe
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukorwa n’ abanyeshuri, aho bakora amakipi abiri, A na B hagati yabo harimo intera ya metero icumi, amakipi yombi aba arebana bakagenda bahanahana umupira bateresheje ukuguru uvuye mu kiganza.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  • Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi bo mu ikipi A bahita batera imipira baba bafashe mu biganza bakayoherereza ku bakinnyi bo mu ikipe B, bayinyuza mu kirere.
  • Iyo umupira ugeze ku bakinnyi b’ikipe B, na bo bategereza ikimenyenyetso cya mwarimu, bagahita batera imipira bayoherereza ikipe A bakoresheje uburyo nk’ubwa mbere.
  Ikitonderwa: Abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bazagenerwa imyitozo iri kurwego rwabo. Kuruhura umubiri
  • Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera.
  d. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Abayoboraga amakipi ni gute batekerezaga ku bikorwa by’ubuhanga bibafasha?
  Guhana umupira mwari mufite mu biganza?
  Gutera umupira mwari mufite mu kiganza byabashimishije? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe mu buzima bwawe waba warakoze ibintu bityo abandi bakakwigana kubikora?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bagatera umupira uri hasi ukagera kuri mugenzi we ugendera ku butaka.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Mbatange
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino ukorwa n’ abanyeshuri, aho bakora amakipi abiri, A na B hagati yabo harimo intera ya metero makumyabiri, amakipi yombi aba arebana, ariko ku ntera ya metero icumi hagomba kuba hashushanyije umurongo utambitse, abakinnyi b’ikipe bafite umupira mu biganza byabo, basiganwa kugera kuri wa murongo uri metero icumi ugeze yo mbere ahita atera uwo mupira yari afashe mutoki awuhereza umwe mu bari mu ikipe B
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, abakinnyi b’ikipe bafite umupira mu biganza byabo, basiganwa kugera kuri wa murongo uri kuri metero icumi.
  2. Ugeze yo mbere ahita atera uwo mupira yari afashe mutoki awuhereza umwe mu bari mu ikipe B, ariko aba awunyujije mu kirere.
  3. Iyo amaze kuwutanga ahita asubira ku murongo yari ahagazeho.
  4. Uwufashe na we ahita aza kuri wa murongo na we akawohereza ku ikipe akongera akihuta agasubira ku murongo we gutyo.
  5. Iyo mu ikipe hamaze kuboneka nibura umaze gutera inshuro eshanu iyo kipe iba itsinze bakongera bagatangira umukino.
  
  Isomo rya 3: Imyitozo yo guterera kure umupira uboneza mu izamu
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo guterera kure umupira uboneza mu izamu ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi n’imitemeri.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  • Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gutera umupira.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere
  Ikitonderwa: Iri somo rizagira amasaha abili hazatandukanywe imikino.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Kuboneza
  Incamake y’umukino
  • Ni umukino ukorwa n’abanyeshuri, aho bakora amakipi abiri, A na B bahagaze ku mirongo itandukanye umwe ahagaze inyuma y’undi.
  • Amakipi yombi aba areba mu izamu riri ku ntera ya metero 20, ariko ku ntera ya metero 10 hagomba kuba hashushanyije umurongo, umukinnyi uri imbere aturuka aho ikipe ye ihagaze agashorera umupira akoresheje ikirenge, yagera kuri wa murongo uri muri metero icumi agahita atera ishoti agamije kuboneza mu izamu.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Iyo mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umukinnyi uri imbere aturuka aho ikipe ye ihagaze agashorera umupira akoresheje ikirenge.
  2. Iyo umukinnyi ageze kuri wa murongo uri muri metero icumi ahita atera ishoti agamije kuboneza mu izamu.
  3. Uwo mu yindi kipi na we agakurikiraho, gutyo gutyo.
  4. Ikipe itsinze iba ari iyagiye iboneza mu izamu inshuro nyinshi.
  
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  1. Ni gute mwahuza igikorwa mwakoraga cyo kuboneza mu izamu, na gahunda y’imibereho isanzwe ya buri munsi?
  2. Gutera umupira mu izamu byabashimishaga? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe mu buzima bwawe waba warihaye intego runaka?
  • Ese wayigezeho cyagwa ntiwayigezeho?
  • Byatewe n’iki?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bagatera umupira uri hasi ukagera mu izamu ariko ugendera ku butaka.
  Izina ry’umwitozo wa kabiri: Gutsinda umuzamu
  Incamake y’umukino
  • Ni umukino ukorwa n’abanyeshuri, aho bakora amakipi abiri, A na B bahagaze ku mirongo itandukanye umwe ahagaze inyuma y’undi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Amakipi yombi aba areba mu izamu riri ku ntera ya metero 15, ariko ku ntera ya metero 5 uturutse ku bakinnyi hagomba kuba hashushanyije umurongo hagaterekwaho umupira ni ukuvuga ko hagati y’izamu n’umupira haba hasigaye metero 10.
  2. Umukinnyi uri imbere mu ikipe aturuka aho ikipe ye ihagaze akagenda yiruka agatera
  3. Umupira uteretse muri wa murongo akaboneza mu izamu intego ari ugutsinda umuzamu uba uhagazemo.
  4. Iyo arangije hakurikiraho umukinnyi wo mu ikipe B.
  5. Iyo umukino urangiye ikipe itsinze iba ari iyatsinze umuzamu ibitego byinshi.
  
  Isomo rya 4: Imyitozo yo gutera kure umupira uri hasi
  a. Ubumenyi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo gutera kure umupira uri hasi ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri n’ikibaho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Isomo ritangizwa n’ikiganiro
  • Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gutera umupira akareba ko abanyeshuri bambaye imyenda ya siporo akabasaba ko bakuramo ibintu byose bishobora gukomeretsa.
  Imyitozo yo kwishyushya
  Mwarimu akoresha abanyeshuri imyitozo cyangwa imikino yo kwishyushya kugira ngo bitegure gutangira isomo rishya.
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umwitozo: Mpereza nguhereze
  Incamake y’umwitozo:
  • Ni umwitozo ukorwa n’abanyeshuri, aho bakora amakipi abiri, A na B bahagaze ku mirongo itandukanye umwe ahagaze inyuma y’undi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umwitozo
  1. Mwarimu akora amakipi abiri Ana B anganya umubare ahagaze ku mironro ibiri.
  2. Kuri buri kipe buri mukinnyi aba ahagaze inyuma y’undi.
  3. Hagati y’amakipi abiri hakaba harimo umwanya wa metero makumyari byibuze.
  4. Buri mukinnyi w’imbere atera umupira akawuhereza umukinnyi w’imbere wo mu yindi kipi we agahita ajya inyuma y’abandi bakinnyi.
  5. Wa munyeshuri wo mu yindi kipi nawe ahita awutera awohereza mu yindi kipi na we agahita ajya inyuma ya bagenzi be, gutyo gutyo.
  6. Uteye umupira wese agomba gukora ku buryo ugendera hasi.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho:
  • Abana bahagarara ku murongo umwe inyuma y’undi.
  • Uteye umupira agomba gukora ku buryo ugendera hasi.
  • Iyo awuteye ukagendera mu kirere ahita ava mu murongo kuko aba yishe itegeko.
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Igihe wateraga umupira ukagera neza kuri mugenzi wawe wumvaga umeze gute?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kudatera umupira mu kirere ni iki byakwigishije uzajya ugenderaho mu yindi mibereho ya buri munsi.
  Isomo rya 5: Imyitozo yo gukina mu makipi agizwe n’abakinnyi bake kandi batsinda mu izamu
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gukina mu makipi agizwe n’abakinnyi bake kandi batsinda mu izamu ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze yo gukina umupira w’amaguru, n’ubundi bushobozi rusange bwo gukora imyitozo y’igororangingo na siporo.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri, ikibaho n’agashumi.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukina mu makipi.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Ikitonderwa: Iri somo rizigishwa amasaha abiri hatandukanyijwe imikino.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Umupira w’amaguru mu mazamu ane
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Ni umukino w’umupira w’amaguru aho ikibuga kigizwe n’amazamu ane kandi buri kipi abakinnyi bayo bakumvikana aho bagomba gutsinda ikipe bahanganye nayo ari nako barinda amazamu yabo bwite.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Ni umukino w’umupira w’amaguru ugizwe n’amazamu ane aho buri kipi iganira ngo itsinde ibitego ikipi bahanganye nayo ari nako irinda izamu ryayo.
  2. Kureba niba nta nzitizi ziri mu kibuga.
  3. Gukora amakipi angana y’abana 5 kugera 8.
  4. Gushyira amakipi abiri abiri mu kibuga, kwita ikipi imwe A indi B.
  5. Guha agashumi buri mwana muri buri kipi.
  6. Kwifashisha ingwa cyangwa ibindi bintu bigaragaza imbibi z’ikibuga mpandenye zingana. Kurema amazamu ane asobanutse neza hifashishijwe imitemeri cg unkingi z’ibiti (Reba ishusho).
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Uyu mukino urakinwa nk’umukino w’umupira w’amaguru ariko harimo ibintu bihindutse ku buryo bugaragara.
  • Ikibuga kigizwe n’amazamu ane n’imipira y’amaguru ibiri.
  • Umukino ukinwa nta muzamu urimo.
  • Buri kipi igomba kuganira ngo irinde amazamu yayo abiri inagerageza gutsinda mu yandi y’iyo bahanganye.
  • Abakinnyi bashobora gukinisha ibirenge kandi bagakina bacengana.
  • Iyo umupira usohotse hanze y’ikibuga, umukinnyi w’ikipi utawukozeho bwa nyuma niwe uwugarura ku murongo w’irenguriro akawusubiza mu mukino ahereye aho hantu.
  • Inota rihabwa ikipi yatsinze muri rimwe mu mazamu ikipi bahanganye irinda.
  • Iyo inota ritsinzwe, umupira ujya mu ikipi itsinzwe umukino ugakomeza.
  • Mu gutangiza umukino, batereka imipira ibiri hagati y’ikibuga k’imikino (Reba ishusho).
  8. Nyuma y’iminota 3 cyangwa ine y’umukino, guhagarika umukino maze ugaha buri kipi iminota 2 yo gutekereza ku buryo bunoze bwo gukoresha no kongera kwisana.
  9. Gukomeza gukina ibihe bingana n’iminota 3 kugeza 4 no guha amakipi uburyo bwo kwisuganya ngo bagerageze kunononsora uburyo bwabo bwo gutsinda.
  10. Ni mwarimu wemeza igihe umukino ugomba kurangirira.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana bakoresha gusa ibirenge mu gutera umupira?
  • Abana bagize ikipi imwe baraziranye kandi bazi neza amazamu yabo?
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni ibihe bibazo bikomeye ikipi yanyu yahuye nabyo muri uyu mukino?
  • Ni ubuhe buryo ikipi yanyu yakoresheje kugirango ibashe gutsinda?
  • Ni uruhe ruhare waba wagize kugirango ikipe yanyu itsinde cyangwa itsindwe?
  • Garagaza uburyo gukina muvugana byatumye mugera ku ntego yanyu.
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari ikindi gihe mu buzima waba warigeze kugira uruhare mu mitsindire y’ikipe yawe?
  • Ni mu bihe bihe bindi waba warigeze kubona ibiganiro nk’umuti wo gukemura ikibazo ufite?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni mu buhe buryo mwakemura ikibazo kiri hagati mu ikipi yanyu igihe mutacyumva kimwe mwese?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  • Kongera ubunini bw’ikibuga.
  • Kongeramo indi mipira mu mukino.
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Gukina mu makipi bagamije gutsinda mu mazamu
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino abanyeshuri bakina mu makipi abiri atandukanye A na B bagakina umupira w’amaguru mu kibuga kiri ku ntera igereranyije (ya metero 40 kuri 20), bakanatsindana ibitego mu izamu.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  a. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  b. Kwerekana imbago z’ibibuga.
  c. Gushyiraho umuzamu muri buri zamu.
  d. Gushyiraho amabwiriza y’umukino.
  e. Gutangira gukina bakurikije amabwiriza y’umukino yashyizweho bagamije gutsinda mu izamu.
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo kuruhura umubiri no kunanura ingingo usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni gute wumvaga umeze iyo mugenzi wawe yaguherezaga umupira ngo utsinde mu izamu?
  • Kuyobora ikipi byabashimishije? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari igihe mu buzima bwawe waba ukunda gukora ibikorwa ufatikanyije n’abandi mufite intego mushaka kugeraho? Ni nk’ibihe?
  4.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa kane
  Mwarimu azigisha abanyeshuri umukino agamije gusuzuma ko intego yagezweho
  Izina ry’umukino: Umupira w’amaguru bagendera ku maguru n’amaboko.
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abakinnyi bakina bagendera ku maguru n’amaboko bafite intego yo kohereza umupira mu gice k’iyindi kipi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. kugaragaza imbibi za buri kibuga n’imirongo yo hagati n’iy’izamu
  2. Uburyo uyu mukino ukinwa ni ukohereza umupira mu gace k’ikipi muhanganye abakinnyi bose bagendera ku maguru n’amaboko.
  3. Kureba niba ikibuga gisukuye.
  4. Gukora amakipi anganya umubare w’abana 3 – 8.
  5. Gushyira amakipi abiri mu kibuga, no kwita ikipi imwe A indi kipi ikitwa B.
  6. Kugaragaza imbibi za buri kibuga (mpandenye) n’imirongo yo hagati n’iy’izamu.
  7. Kubwira abana ko bakinisha amaguru gusa.
  8. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  • Gukina umupira w’amaguru, ariko bagendera ku maguru n’amaboko bihinnye amajyanyuma ni ukuvuga ibirenge n’ibiganza byose bikora hasi (reba ishusho).
  • Kimwe no mu mupira w’amaguru, abana bateza umupira ikirenge gusa.
  • Igitego gitsindwa ari uko umupira warenze umurongo w’izamu w’ikipi bahanganye.
  • Iyo igitego gitsinzwe, umupira wongera ugashyirwa hagati mu kibuga, ukongera gutangira nka mbere abakinnyi bagahagarara mu gice k’ikibuga cyabo.
  9. Gushishikariza abana kugendagenda vuba ari nako bihinnye amajyanyuma basatira umupira.
  10. Mwarimu niwe uhitamo igihe umukino urangirira.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abana baguma bashyize ibiganza n’ibirenge hasi mu gihe k’irushanwa?
  • Bakoresha gusa ibirenge mu gutera umupira?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Ni iki mwiyumvisemo mu gihe mwakinaga umupira mugendera ku maguru n’amaboko?
  • Ni ibihe bice by’umubiri mwakoreshaga kurusha ibindi?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe:
  • Hari ikindi gihe waba waragerageje kugendesha amaguru n’amaboko icyarimwe? Ryari?
  • Watanga urugero rw’ikindi kintu cyaba kigendesha amaguru n’amaboko icyarimwe?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino:
  • Ese imyitozo nk’iyi hari icyo imariye umubiri wacu? Sobanura.
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  • Kongera ubundi buryo bushya mu mukino. Igihe cyose bavuze ngo «muhaguruke», kubwira abana bagahaguruka no gukomeza gukina nkaho ari irushanwa ry’umupira w’amaguru usanzwe. Iyo bavuze ngo «gukambakamba! » abana bagomba kugaruka mu myanya yabo bihinnye amajyanyuma, ibiganza byombi n’ibirenge byombi hasi bakomeza gukina.
  • Kurema utuzamu duto two koherezamo umupira.
  • Kongera ubugari bw’ikibuga.
  • Kongeramo umupira wa kabiri.
  4.6. Imyitozo / imikino y’inyongera
  4.6.1. Umukino wa mbere: Guhigisha umupira w’amaguru
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abakinnyi bari hagati mu ruziga bagerageza kwirinda ko umupira ubakoraho, mu gihe abari hanze y’uruziga bagerageza gukoza umupira ku bari hagati mu ruziga bakoresheje ibirenge.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Abakinnyi bahagaze hagati y’uruziga bagerageza kwitaza umupira, kandi abakinnyi bari mu ruziga rwo hanze bagerageza gukoza ku bakinnyi bo hagati baboherereza umupira n’ikirenge.
  2. Guteganya ikibuga kinini cy’umukino cya mpandenye zingana bakoresheje ingwa cyangwa ibintu bigaragara.
  3. Hagati ya buri mpandenye, gushushanya uruziga runini n’ingwa, hamwe n’umugozi cyangwa udukoni (metero 5 z’umuzenguruko) (reba ishusho).
  4. Guhitamo utera umupira.
  5. Kubwira utera umupira guhagarara nibura kuri metero ebyiri inyuma y’uruziga.
  6. Kubwira abandi bana bose guhagarara mu ruziga. Guha umupira ugomba gutera.
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  • Muri uyu mukino, utera agerageza gutera umupira n’ikirenge akawukoza ku bana bari mu ruziga.
  • Utera atangira umukino agerageza gutera umupira ngo ukore munsi y’igihimba cy’uwo ari wese uri mu ruziga.
  • Abana bari mu ruziga bagomba kwirinda ko umupira ubakoraho basimbuka, bizibukira cyangwa baca bugufi.
  • Iyo umwana uri hagati y’uruziga akozweho n’umupira munsi y’igihimba, agomba gusanga utera umupira akamufasha gutera abandi bana bari mu ruziga hagati.
  8. Umupira urangira iyo hasigaye umwana umwe gusa mu ruziga.
  9. Kongera gutangira umukino bahitamo abandi bana gukina umumaro w’ugomba gutera.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Kureba niba abana bose bumva ko umupira ugomba koherezwa munsi y’igihimba.
  • Kureba niba iyo mipira yoroshye ku buryo itababaza abana igihe bayibateye cyangwa bayakira.
  
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Mwumvaga mumeze mute igihe mwari mu ruziga?
  • Ni iki mwiyumvisemo igihe mwageragezaga gutera umupira abari mu ruziga?
  • Mwabigenzaga mute kugira ngo umupira utabakoraho?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kongeramo imipira.
  • Kongeramo andi mategeko mashya urugero, abakinnyi bose bateze umupira ukuguru badasanzwe bakoresha cyangwa abakinnyi bose bari mu ruziga basimbuke n’ukuguru kumwe n’ibindi.
  4.6.2. Umukino wa kabiri: Gutwara umupira uko wishakiye
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bakorera mu itsinda rimwe kugira ngo bayobore umupira kugera ahantu hagaragara bakawugarura bakurikiza imiyego ihuje n’iy’uyobora ikipi yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  • Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  • Guca umurongo batangiriraho ugaragara.
  • Kubwira abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagatonda umurongo umwe urambuye inyuma y’umurongo ntangiriro.
  • Gushyira umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kintu imbere ya buri kipi, ahagana metero 10 cyangwa 15 (Reba ishusho).
  • Gutanga ibisobanuro no gutanga urugero: Umwana uri imbere niwe uyobora ikipi. Uwo mwana agomba kuyobora umupira mu kibuga, akawuzengurutsa umutemeri akawugarura aho ikipe ye ihagaze mu buryo bw’ubuhanga (urugero: asunikisha umupira ikirenge, awutarukana hagati y’amaguru ye, azengurutsa umupira igihimba ke).
  • Iyo uyobora umupira w’urujijo agarutse, buri mwana agenda aho hantu yigana ibikorwa by’uwayoboye byo kugendesha umupira mu kibuga, akazenguruka ikimenyetso bashyize imbere y’ikipi ye akagaruka ku murongo ntangiriro.
  • Nyuma y’uko abakinnyi b’ikipi barangije, umwana wa kabiri wo ku murongo ahinduka uyobora umukino.
  • Gushishikariza uyobora umukino guhitamo tekiniki nshya zo kuyobora umupira kibuga, bazenguruka ikintu.
  • Kubwira abana bose kongera gutangira izo nzira zose kugeza ubwo buri mwana abaye uyobora ikipe.
  • Kwibutsa abana kugendera ku murongo umwe imbere yabo kugira ngo badahutaza abagize andi makipi arimo gukina kimwe nabo.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  • Abayobora umupira ntabwo bari gukora umwitozo wakozwe mbere?
  • Abana bose basubiramo neza ibikorwa by’abayobora amakipi yabo?
  
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  • Abayoboraga amakipi ni gute batekerezaga ku bikorwa by’ubuhanga bibafasha kuyobora umupira?
  • Kuyobora ikipi byabashimishije? Ku zihe mpamvu?
  • Mwiyumvise gute igihe mwakurikiraga uyobora ikipi cyangwa itsinda igihe cy’umukino? Musobanure.
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  • Hari igihe mu buzima bwawe waba warakoze ibintu bityo abandi bakakwigana kubikora?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  • Kubwira abana bakayobora umupira bakoresheje ibindi bice by’umubiri usibye ibirenge.
  4.6.3. Umukino wa gatatu: Imyitozo itandukanye y’umupira w’amaguru
  1. gukora amatsinda agizwe n’abana babiri cyangwa benshi.
  2. Umwana aratera umupira ugendere ku butaka hasi usanga mugenzi we nawe ashake uburyo butandukanye bwo kuwuhagarika akoresheje ikirenge.
  
  Guhagarika umupira ukoresheje munsi y’ikirenge
  3. Babiri babiri barakinana bahererekanya umupira kandi buri wese akagerageza guhagarika umupira akoresheje ubworo bw’ikirenge.
  
  4. Gutera umupira ukoresheje imbere mu kirenge. Gukoresha ikirenge cyose ugatera umupira uwuhereza mugenzi wawe nawe akagerageza kuwuhagarika akoresheje ubworo bw’ikirenge.
  
  5. Babiri babiri, umwana umwe atera umupira awuhereza mugenzi we nawe akagerageza kuwuhagarika akoresheje ikibero.
  
  Gutera no guhagarika umupira ukoresheje ikibero
UMUTWE WA GATANU: IMIKINO Y’UMUPIRA W’AMABOKO
UMUTWE WA GATANU: IMIKINO Y’UMUPIRA W’AMABOKO
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA GATANU: IMIKINO Y’UMUPIRA W’AMABOKO
- 5.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  abanyeshuri bazaba bashobora kunaga, gusama no kudunda umupira w’amaboko.
  5.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino y’umupira w’amaboko ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze, ku mupira w’amaboko ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’uwo mukino mu buzima busanzwe.
  5.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo azaba arimo no guteza imbere imico
  ikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu bazakinira hamwe, nta n’umwe uzahezwa.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina bazakundana, bazoroherana.
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho bahabwe imyitozo, n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kubaha aho bazaba bakinira.
  
  Isomo rya mbere: Imyitozo yo kunaga umupira
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo kunaga umupira ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze, ku mupira w’amaboko, ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’iyo myitozo mu buzima busanzwe.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri n’ikibaho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo kunaga umupira akareba ko abanyeshuri bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo isomo rigende neza
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere
  Ikitonderwa: Iri somo rizigishwa amasaha atatu hatandukanyijwe imikino.
  d. Isomo nyirizina:
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Kwimana umupira
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino aho mwarimu agabanya abanyeshuri mo amakipi abiri A na B bakanyanyagira mu kibuga kitari kinini kandi kigaragaza imbibe.
  Buri mukinnyi w’ikipi runaka agerageza kunagira mugenzi we umupira mu buryo bwo kuwima abakinnyi bo mu yindi kipi.
  Amategeko n’imiyoborere by’umukino
  1. Byose bikorwa abanyeshuri barimo bagendagenda mu kibuga.
  2. Kunaga umupira akoresheje ukuboko kumwe cyangwa abiri.
  3. Kutarenga imbibi z’ikibuga.
  4. Iyo abakinnyi b’ikipi banagiranye umupira inshuro 10 zitaruzura abo mu yindi kipi bakawubambura, iyo bongeye kuwufata barongera bagatangirira kuri 1 babara.
  5. Iyo abakinnyi b’ikipi banagiranye umupira inshuro 10, abo mu yindi kipi baba batsinzwe igitego, umukino ukongera ugatangira.
  Kuruhura umubiri
  Koresha imyitozo/mikino yo kuruhura umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  e. Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoresheje kugirango mubashe kwima umupira abakinnyi bo mu ikipi y’imbagikanwa?
  Guhanahana umupira kugeza ku nshuro 10 imbangikanwa zitawukozeho byabasabye izihe mbaraga?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Uburyo abakinnyi b’ikipe imwe bafatanyirizaga hamwe ngo batsinde igitego bibigisha irihe somo ryo mu buzima busanzwe?
  Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Guhererekanya umupira ku ruziga
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana biruka basimburana kandi bahana umupira bakazenguruka uruziga rw’ikipi yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora udukipi duto tugizwe n’abana 5-6.
  2. Kubwira amakipi agahagarara mu buryo bw’uruziga. Kumenya niba abana ba buri tsinda batandukanyijwe nibura na metero imwe.
  3. Kureba niba hari umwanya uhagije hagati y’amakipi.
  4. Guha umupira umwana umwe muri buri kipi.
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Iyo mwarimu avuze: « Nimutangire » umwana ufashe umupira awuhereza umwana ukurikira bigakomeza.
  Igihe umupira ugeze ku mwana wa nyuma wo mu ruziga, uwo mukinnyi agombakwiruka mu buryo bw’inshinge z’isaha azenguruka uruziga.
  Iyo agarutse mu ruziga, umupira wongera guhererekanwa n’abana, kugeza ubwo ugeze ku mwana wa nyuma uyu nawe akiruka azenguruka uruziga.
  6. Gukomeza gukina kugeza ubwo abana bose bagize amahirwe yo kwiruka bazenguruka uruziga.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Amakipi afite imyanya ihagije hagati yayo?
  Abana biruka mu buryo bwiza?
  Abana barabanza bakazengurutsa umupira mbere y’uko biruka?
  Bahana umupira mu bwitonzi?
  Gushyira umwanya uhagije hagati y’abagize amakipi kugira ngo babashe
  kunagirana umupira.
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Mwiyumvisemo iki igihe mwirukankaga muzenguruka uruziga?
  Ni iki cyaboroheye muri uyu mukino?
  Ni gute abagize ikipi bafatanyije igihe umupira wagwaga hasi?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bakaririmba mu gihe bakina.
  Gukina bicaye no kubwira abana bagahana umupira bawunyereza mu migongo yabo.
  Mu mwanya wo kwiruka, kubwira abana bakagenda bihengetse ku ruhande ariko banyereza umupira mu ntoki.
  Izina ry’umukino wa gatatu: Umupira mu ruziga
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umukino usanzwe aho amakipi agerageza gutsindanwa ahereza mugenzi wabo uhagaze mu ruziga ruherereye ku mpera z’ikibuga.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kureba niba nta nzitizi ziri mu kibuga.
  2. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 4 – 6 (amakipi abiri agakina hagati yayo).
  3. Gukora imbibi z’ikibuga cya mapande enye kuri buri tsinda ry’amakipi abiri.
  4. Gushushanya uruziga ku mpera za buri kibuga (Reba ishusho).
  5. Kubwira ayo makipi abiri guhagarara mu duce turebana mu kibuga (reba ishusho).
  6. Kubwira buri wese mu bagize amakipi ko ashinzwe gusama umupira ahagaze mu ruziga rushushanyije mu gice k’indi kipi.
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Abana bagomba guhana umupira no kugerageza kuwunagira abo babana
  Abakinnyi ntibagomba kuyega igihe bafite umupira.
  Iyo umupira uguye hasi cyangwa wahagaritswe, umukino urahagarara. Indi kipi yakira umupira ikagerageza gutsinda yerekeza mu kindi kerekezo.
  Iyo ushinzwe gusama umupira awusamye atavuye mu ruziga, ikipi ye itsinda inota.
  Awutereka hasi inyuma y’imbibi z’ikibuga.
  Abakinnyi b’ikipi itsinzwe bakawutora bagatangira gukina berekeza mu kibuga k’ikipi bahanganye.
  Uhagaze mu ruziga ahindagurika buri minota kuva kuri 2 kugeza 3.
  8. Guhagarika umukino buri minota 3 cyangwa 4 no kurekera buri kipi amasegonda mirongo itatu ngo zitekereze ku buryo bw’ubuhanga bwo gutsinda.
  9.Mwarimu niwe ufata ikemezo k’igihe umukino urangirira.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Umwana ufite umupira ntabwo ntabwo ayega atarawutanga?
  Abana bahagaze mu ruziga barasimburana buri minota 2 cyangwa 3?
  
  Isuzuma
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Ni gute mwabonye uyu mukino mugitangira?
  Ni izihe ngamba mwafashe kugira ngo mudatsindwa?
  Ni uruhe ruhare rwa buri mukinnyi kugira ngo mubashe gutsinda?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gusobanurira buri kipi ko igomba guhana umupira inshuro 8 mbere yo kuwunagira uwo kuwusama.
  Kubwira abana ko abagize ikipi bagomba gukora ku mupira mbere y’uko unagirwa uwusama?
  Gusobanurira abana ko bagomba gutarutsa umupira uko bahana (birabujijwe gusubiza umupira uwuguhaye).
  Isomo rya 2: Imyitozo yo gusama umupira
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo gusama umupira ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze ku mupira w’amaboko, ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’iyo myitozo mu buzima busanzwe.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri n’ ikibaho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo gusama umupira.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Hitamo umwe mu mikino yo kwishyushya igaragara ku mpera y’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Iri somo rifite amasaha atatu . Buri mukino uzigwa mu isaha imwe
  Izina ry’umukino wa mbere: Umudomano
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino, abakinnyi bafite nomero zitari ibiharwe batera umupira abakinnyi bafite nomero z’ibiharwe ngo babahamye, bashobora no guhanahana umupira kugira ngo batungure abafite nomero z’ibiharwe.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Abakinnyi bahagarara bakoze uruziga bafatanye mu biganza, bagatangira kubara bahereye kuri rimwe.
  2. Abafite inomero zitari ibiharwe bajya mu ruziga hagati.
  3. Abakinnyi b’inomero z’ibiharwe batera umupira abari mu ruziga hagati.
  4. Umukinnyi wese ukozwe n’umupira ajya mu batera umupira.
  5. Abatera umupira bashobora kuwuhanahana kugira ngo bagwe gitumo abari mu ruziga.
  6. Umukino urakomeza kugeza igihe abari mu ruziga bose bahamijwe umupira.
  7. Ku mukino ukurikira, amakipi aragurana.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bakurikiza amabwiriza bahawe na mwarimu iyo babara?
  Abana bafite nomero z’ibiharwe nibo batera umupira abari hagati mu kibuga?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Bigenda bite iyo umwana akozwe n’umupira?
  Ni ubuhe buryo bakoreshaga kugira ngo bagwe gitumo abari mu ruziga?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Umukinnyi uri mu ruziga imbere ashobora gufata umupira n’intoki akawusubiza uwo yishakiye mu bawutera.
  Umukinnyi uri mu ruziga hagati agomba gufata umupira ntumucike. Iyo umucitse ukagwa avamo.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Amahindura
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino umukinnyi uri imbere muri buri kipi afata umupira mu ntoki, akiruka agana imbere ye asatira umurongo bahaciye yamara kuwambuka arahindukira akanagira umupira umukurikiye witeguye kwiruka.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Kubahagarika ku mirongo ibangikanye itandukanyijwe na metero eshatu (m 3).
  3. Guca murongo utambitse imbere y’abakinnyi uhagazweho n’uwa mbere muri m 5, 10… (Bakurikije ikigero n’ubushobozi bw’abakinnyi).
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umukinnyi wa mbere wa buri kipi ufashe umupira mu ntoki, yiruka agana ku murongo uri imbere ye.
  5. Ako kanya akimara kuwurenga, arahindukira akanagira umupira uwa kabiri witeguye kwiruka.
  6. Iyo uwa 2 amaze gufata umupira, yiruka agana kuri wa murongo w’imbere yawurenga agahindukira akanagira umupira uwa gatatu, mu gihe uwa 2 yiruka, uwa 1 aragaruka agafata umwanya inyuma y’umurongo w’ikipi ye.
  7. Iyo umukinnyi acitswe n’umupira mu gihe awusama, agomba kuwutoraguraakabanza kugaruka mu mwanya we mbere yo kwiruka ajya ku murongo.
  8. Nta wundi ugomba kuwumuzanira cyangwa kuwumuhereza.
  9. Umukino ukomeza utyo kugeza umukinnyi wa nyuma wa buri kipi avuye kwiruka.
  10. Hatsinda ikipi yatanze izindi kurangiza.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana babasha guhagarara ku mirongo ibangikanye itandukanyijwe na metero zatanzwe na mwarimu?
  Umukinnyi wa mbere wa buri kipi arahindukira akanagira umupira uwa kabiri?
  Buri mukinnyi arahindukira agatanga umupira yarangije kurenga umurongo?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki cyabakomereye muri uyu mukino?
  Byari bimeze gute kwiruka ufite umupira mu ntoki?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino:
  Gukina uyu mukino ariko igihe umwana warenze umurongo anagira uwa kabiriwiteguye kwiruka awumunagira acishije umupira hagati y’amaguru ye.
  Izina ry’umukino wa gatatu: Umuhigo
  
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino abakinnyi bagerageza gutera bagenzi babo umupira ngo bawubahamye. Bashobora guhanahana umupira kugira ngo baze kuwubatera babatunguye.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Gushyira abanyeshuri mu kibuga.
  2. Guteganya umukinnyi umwe uba umuhigi.
  3. Umuhigi akaguma inyuma y’ikibuga afite umupira.
  4. Umuhigi atera umupira agerageza kuwuhamya umukinnyi.
  5. Umukinnyi utewe umupira ahinduka umuhigi, agasanga uwa mbere inyuma y’ikibuga.
  6. Abahigi bashobora guhanahana umupira kugira ngo batungure abandi bakinnyi.
  7. Iyo abahigi bamaze kuba batatu, ntibashobora gutera intambwe ebyiri bafashe umupira, bagomba kuwuhanahana cyangwa se bakawutera abakinnyi.
  8. Umukinnyi urenze imbago z’ikibuga na we ahinduka umuhigi.
  9. Umukino urangira iyo hasigaye umukinnyi umwe utakozwe n’umupira, akaba ari weutsinze.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Umwana agerageza guhamya mugenzi we akoresheje umupira?
  Umupira bari gukoresha ukoze ku buryo utababaza uwo bawuteye?
  Umwana bateye umupira arahita aba umuhigi?
  Isomo rya 3: Imyitozo yo kudunda umupira
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo yo kudunda umupira ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze ku mupira w’amaboko, ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’iyo myitozo mu buzima busanzwe.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, imipira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri n’ikibaho.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo yo kudunda umupira.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Hitamo umwe mu mikino yo kwishyushya igaragara ku mpera y’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Iri somo rifite amasaha ane. Buri mukino uzigishwa mu isaha imwe.
  Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umwitozo wa mbere: Kudunda umupira bahagaze hamwe
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umwitozo abana bakorera mu itsinda rimwe kugira ngo badunde umupira bahagaze hamwe
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umwitozo
  1. Mwarimu akora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  2. Mwarimu abwira abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagatonda umurongo umwe urambuye.
  3. Buri mukinnyi ugezweho ahabwa umupira agakora umwitozo wo kuwudunda inshuro makumyabiri atava aho ari.
  4. Iyo arangije kudunda inshuro zigenwe, aha umupira mugenzi we ugezweho, agahita ajya guhagarara inyuma y’umurongo ategereje kongera kugerwaho.
  5. Iyo umupira umucitse atarangije kudunda inshuro zagenwe, atakaza amahirwe yo gukomeza kudunda umupira akaza kugerageza ari uko agezweho.
  6. Umwitozo urakomeza kugeza abakinnyi bose bagezweho
  
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umwitozo
  Kudunda umupira bakoresheje amaboko yombi.
  e. 1. Isuzuma ku mukino wa mbere
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Igihe wadundaga umupira utarageza ku nshuro zagenwe wumvaga umeze gute?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kudatakaza umupira wari urimo kudunda ni iki byakwigishije uzajya ugenderaho mu yindi mibereho ya buri munsi.
  Izina ry’umukino wa kabiri: Kugenda udunda umupira
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana bakorera mu itsinda rimwe kugira ngo badunde umupira bagenda bakawugarura bakurikiza imiyego ihuje n’iy’uyobora ikipi yabo.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  2. Guca umurongo batangiriraho ugaragara.
  3. Kubwira abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagatonda umurongo umwe urambuye inyuma y’umurongo ntangiriro.
  4. Gushyira umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kintu imbere ya buri kipi, ahagana muri metero
  10 cyangwa 15 (Reba ishusho).
  5. Gutanga ibisobanuro no gutanga urugero:
  a. Umwana uri imbere niwe uyobora ikipi.
  b. Uwo mwana agomba kuyobora umupira akoresheje intoki awudunda mu kibuga, akawuzengurutsa umutemeri akawugarura aho ikipe ye ihagaze mu buryo bw’ubuhanga.
  6. Iyo umunyeshuri agaruye umupira awudunda, awushyikiriza mugenzi we ugezweho ku murongo, hanyuma we agahita ajya guhagarara ku murongo inyuma y’abandi ategereje kuza kongera kugerwaho.
  7. Nyuma y’uko abakinnyi b’ikipi barangije, umwana wa kabiri wo ku murongo ahinduka uyobora umukino.
  8. Kubwira abana bose kongera gutangira izo nzira zose kugeza ubwo buri mwana abaye uyobora ikipe.
  9. Kwibutsa abana kugendera ku murongo umwe imbere yabo kugira ngo badahutaza abagize andi makipi arimo gukina kimwe nabo.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abayobora umupira ntabwo bari gukora umwitozo wakozwe mbere?
  Abana bose basubiramo neza ibikorwa by’abayobora amakipi yabo?
  e.2. Isuzuma ku mukino wa kabiri
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Igihe wagendaga undunda umupira wumvaga umeze gute?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kugarura umupira ku murongo urimo kuwudunda ni iki byakwigishije uzajya ugenderaho mu yindi mibereho ya buri munsi?
  Izina ry’ umukino wa 3: Umuhigo w’intama
  Incamake y’umukino
  Ni umwitozo ukorwa aho abanyeshuri bitozanya ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo kugenda badunda umupira bakoresheje ikiganza kugeza ku murongo w’izamu, bagenzi babo bakabiruka inyuma bashaka kuwubambura.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  2. Guca umurongo batangiriraho ugaragara.
  3. Kubwira abakinnyi ba buri kipi bagatonda umurongo umwe urambuye inyuma y’ umurongo.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso abakinnyi bakinamu mwanya w’intama bagenda badunda umupira berekeza ku murongo w’izamu.
  5. Nyuma y’amasegonda make mwarimu atanga ikindi kimenyetso abahigi bakagerageza Kuzirukaho bashaka kuzambura umupira:
  c. Umukinnyi wambuye umupira abakina mu mwanya w’intama nawe ahita awihutana awushorera awusubiza aho intama zatangiriye.
  d. Buri ntama yambuwe umupira ivamo.
  6. Intama zambukiranyije ikibuga zitambuwe umupira zongera gusubira aho zaturutse abahigi bazitera.
  7. Nyuma intama zihinduka abahigi umukino ukongera ugatangira.
  8. Iyo umukino urangiye buri kipi ibara intama zambuwe umupira, itsinze ni iba ari iyambuye umupira intama nyinshi.
  
  e.3. Isuzuma ku mukino wa gatatu
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Igihe wagendaga unduga umupira wumvaga umeze gute?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Igihe wagendaga udunda umupira hari ukwirukanka inyuma ashaka kuwukwambura ni iki byakwigishije uzajya ugenderaho mu yindi mibereho ya buri munsi.
  5.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatanu
  Izina ry’umukino: Umupira mu ndobo
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abanyeshuri bo mu ikipe imwe bahererekanya umupira bawudunda bakagerageza gushyira umupira mu ndobo yashyizwe ku murongo w’izamu.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gushushanya ikibuga kinini cya mpande enye (Reba ishusho).
  2. Gukora amakipi y’abana 3 kugeza 6. Kureba niba bafite umubare w’amakipi y’ibiharwe.
  3. Kwita itsinda ikipi A irindi ikipi B.
  4. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Intego y’umukino ni ukunaga umupira mu ndobo cyangwa mu ibasi.
  Mu gutangira umukino ikipi A ifata umupira.
  Abakinnyi b’ikipi A bagerageza kugumana umupira bawudunda banawuhanahana hagati yabo.
  Ikipi A igerageza guha umupira umukinnyi wayo uri hafi y’indobo ngo awunagemo.
  Abakinnyi bemererwa kugendana umupira gusa igihe baba barimo kuwudunda.
  Ikipi B igerageza gushakisha uko yafata umupira.
  Ikipi idafite umupira iwufata iyo uguye, iwambuye cyangwa watewe mu kirere ukajya hanze y’ikibuga.
  5. Umupira uguma mu ikipi iwusanganwe iyo indi kipi ishaka kuwufata ikawuta hasi.
  6. Abakinnyi nta burenganzira bafite bwo kurenga umurongo w’izamu bakanaga umupira mu ndobo cyangwa mu ibasi.
  7. Kugira ngo intego y’uyu mutwe ibe yagezweho, mwarimu agenda agenzura ko abanyeshuri bakora neza tekiniki zo kunaga gusama no kudunda umupira.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bafite umupira ntabwo bari kuwugendagendana mu ntoki batawudunda?
  Abana badafite umupira barubahiriza intera iri hagati yabo n’ufite umupira?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Ni iki cyafashije ikipi yanyu gukina neza uyu mukino?
  Ni uruhe ruhare kuganira hagati yanyu byabafashije gutsinda ibitego?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bagahitamo ahantu bakinira ku kibuga bakahaguma batayega. Kwemerera abakinnyi babiri ba buri kipi kuyega. Abo bakinnyi bakina bisanzuye bagomba guha umupira buri wese wo mu ikipi yabo utayega. Iyo umupira uguye hasi, umukinnyi utayega uri hafi arawutora akawuhereza wa wundi uyega.
  Gutegura igihe ntarengwa cyo gutsinda igitego kuri buri kipi. Urugero, buri kipi ifite amasegonda 45 yo guhana umupira no kugerageza gutsinda igitego.
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Wumvaga umeze ute igihe wageragezaga guhereza mugenzi wawe umupira?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Uyu mukino wo gufatanya nk’ikipi mudunda umupira muwuhanahana mukagera ubwo muboneza umupira mu ndobo ni iki byakwigishije uzajya ugenderaho mu yindi mibereho ya buri munsi?
  5.6. Imyitozo /imikino y’inyongera
  Umukino wa mbere: Tubatange
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino, abakinnyi bafite umupira banagira bagenzi babo nabo bakawubagarurira.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Kugabanya abakinnyi mo amakipi anganya umubare.
  2. Buri kipi igahagarara ku murongo.
  3. Umwe mu bakinnyi ba buri kipi ahagarara muri m 5 cyangwa 6 imbere y’ikipi ye afite umupira.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, umukinnyi ufite umupira awunagira uwa mbere w’ikipi ye na we akawumusubiza.
  5. Akomeza kunagira umupira abakinnyi, umwe umwe na we bawumusubiza kugeza ku wa nyuma.
  6. Iyo umupira umaze kuzenguruka abakinnyi bose ku nshuro ikurikira uwa nyuma ku murongo asimbura uwanagaga umupira, uwawunagaga akajya gufata umwanya wa mbere ku murongo.
  7. Umukino ukomeza utyo kugeza ubwo abakinnyi bose bahetuye.
  8. Hatsinda ikipi, uwa mbere wayo atanze abandi gusubira mu mwanya we yari arimo mbere y’umukino.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bahagarara bakurikije amabwiriza ya mwarimu?
  Umwana usamye umupira abasha kuwusubiza vuba uwawumunagiye?
  Buri mwana yagiye imbere ngo anagire abandi umupira?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki abana biyumvamo iyo bamaze kunagirana umupira kugeza ku mwana wa nyuma?
  Ni ubuhe buryo mwakoresheje kugirango mubashe gutanga abandi bo mu rindi tsinda?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warakoze irushanwa nk’iri utanguranwa na bagenzi bawekurangiza mbere? Sobanura.
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Imikino nk’iyi imarira iki umubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umubare w’abana no kugumisha abana batewe umupira inyuma y’umurongo kugera aho bose barangiye icyo gihe hakaba hatsinze uwa nyuma.
  Umukino wa kabiri: Agaca n’inkoko
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Umukino w’umupira aho abakinnyi bafashe umupira bahiga abandi bakinnyi, nabo bagahunga kugira ngo badafatwa.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Guteganya ubuhungiro kuri buri mpera z’ikibuga.
  2. Abakinnyi (inkoko) bahagarara mu buhungiro bumwe.
  3. Umukinnyi ufite umupira (agaca) ahagarara mu kibuga hagati.
  4. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, inkoko ziva mu buhungiro bwazo zikiruka zigana
  mu bundi, buri ku mpera y’ikibuga.
  5. Inkoko ntizishobora kurenga imbago zo mu mpande y’ikibuga zihunga, izirenze ziba zifashwe.
  6. Mu gihe inkoko ziruka agaca kagerageza kuzitera umupira zitaragera mu bundi buhungiro.
  7. Umupira utewe n’agaca ugakora hasi mbere yo gufata inkoko ntushobora gutuma umukinnyi ukozeho nyuma aba imfungwa.
  8. Umukinnyi (inkoko) usigaye mu kibuga wenyine atarafatwa n’umupira ni we ubautsinze.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bafite umupira bahagarara aho mwarimu yabategetse guhagarara?
  Abana babasha guhunga bagana mu bundi buhungiro mugihe mwarimu atanze ikimenyetso?
  Abana batewe umupira bahita bava mu kibuga?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Ni iki abana biyumvamo iyo babashije kwiruka bagahungira mu bundi buhungiro ku mpera z’ikibuga?
  Ni ubuhe buryo wakoreshaga kugirango ubashe gutera umupira uwuhamye inkoko?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze kwiruka ushaka ubuhungiro? Sobanura. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Uyu mukino wamarira iki umubiri wacu?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Gukina uyu mukino usanzwe ariko agaca kagatera inkoko umupira gapfutse mu maso.
  Umukino wa gatatu: Sama umupira
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Muri uyu mukino, umukinnyi wa buri kipi ufashe umupira atangira kunagira mugenzi we uri imbere ye kandi uwo bawunagiye akawakira agahita awusubiza mbere y’uko ugwa hasi hanyuma akicara hasi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino:
  1. Gukora amakipi 2 anganya umubare agahagarara ku mirongo iteganye.
  2. Gushyira imbere ya buri murongo w’ikipi umwana unagira abandi umupira.
  3. Iyo umwarimu atanze ikimenyetso, ufite umupira kuri buri kipi, atangira kuwunagira mugenzi we umuri imbere.
  4. Uwo bamaze kuwunagira, agomba kuwufata utaragwa hasi akawumusubiza, nyuma
  akicara hasi.
  5. Wa wundi ufite umupira awunagira uwa kabiri, yawufata akawusubiza unaga akabona kwicara; bagakomeza gutyo.
  6. Iyo umupira uguye hasi, uwo bawunagiye ni we uwuzana akawusubiza unaga.
  7. Unaga umupira akomeza kuwuhereza bagenzi be bakawumusubiza bakicara, kugeza ku wa nyuma.
  8. Hatsinda ikipi yatanze izindi kurangiza.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Buri kipi ifite umwana uyinagira umupira?
  Abana babasha kunagira bagenzi babo bari imbere yabo?
  Umwana umaze guhereza umupira unaga ahita yicara?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Byari bimeze gute gusama umupira ugahita uwusubiza uwawuguhaye?
  Wumvaga bimeze gute igihe wabaga wicaye urangije gutanga umupira?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe bari bagusaba kwicara kugira ngo utabangamira mugenzi wawe ukuri inyuma?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni iki umukino ukunguye mu buzima bwawe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Abana bahererekanya umupira bakawusubizanya aho kwicara bagapfukama.
UMUTWE WA GATANDATU: KWIRINDA INDWARA
UMUTWE WA GATANDATU: KWIRINDA INDWARA
Label: 1
UMUTWE WA GATANDATU: KWIRINDA INDWARA
- 6.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe
  Umunyeshuri azaba ashobora Gukora Imyitozo atabangamira mugenzi we no kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’isuku nke binyuze mu mikino.
  6.2. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino igamije kwirinda indwara ni uko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze, ndetse no gutandukanya zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’isuku nke.
  6.3. Ingingo nsanganyamasomo
  Igihe umwana azaba arimo gukora iyi myitozo, azaba arimo no guteza imbere imico ikurikira:
  Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye: Abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abahungu bazakinira hamwe nta n’umwe uzahezwa.
  Umuco w’amahoro: Igihe abanyeshuri bazaba barimo gukina, bazakundana, bazoroherana.
  Uburezi budaheza: Abafite ubumuga na bo bazitabwaho, bahabwe imyitozo, n’imikino iri ku rugero rwabo.
  Kwita ku bidukikije: Mwarimu azatoza abanyeshuri kubaha aho bazaba bakinira.
  
  Somo rya mbere: Imikino yigisha isuku no kwirinda
  indwara ziterwa n’umwanda
  a. Ubushobozi shingiroKugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino yigisha isuku no kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’umwanda niuko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze, igamije kwirinda indwara, ndetse no kuvuga akamaro k’iyo myitozo mu buzima busanzwe.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, umupira, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri, ikibaho, amazi meza, ibikombe kimwe kuri buri mwana, udutemeli kamwe kuri buri kipi, isabune agace kamwe kuri buri kipi, indobo y’amazi meza imwe kuri buri kipi, ingwa, ibipapuro bishaje nibura kimwe ku mwana, n’indobo (cyangwa agatebo bajugunyamo imyanda) imwe kuri buri kipi.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo n’imikino yigisha isuku no kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’umwanda akareba ko abanyeshuri bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo isomo rigende neza.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  d. Isomo nyirizina
  Izina ry’umukino: Karaba intoki
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu mukino abana biruka basimburana bafite intego yo gukaraba intoki bakoresheje amazi meza n’isabuni.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. 1Kubaza abana uburyo bashobora kwizera ko bafite intoki zisukuye.
  2. Kubabwira ko bagiye gukina umukino wo gukaraba intoki, kandi bakazikaraba neza cyane.
  3. Guca umurongo ntangiliro ugaragara ku mpera z’ikibuga hifashishijwe ingwa cyangwa ikindi kintu kigaragara.
  4. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 kugeza 8.
  5. Kubwira buri kipi igakora umurongo ugororotse inyuma y’umurongo ntangiliro.
  6. Gushyira indobo y’amazi meza imbere ya buri kipi ku yindi mpera y’ikibuga.
  7. Gushyira agace k’isabune ku rupapuro rusukuye iruhande rwa buri ndobo y’amazi.
  8. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Uyu mukino ni uwisiganwa nsimburana.
  Buri mwana yiruka inshuro ye agana ku ndobo, agafata agace k’isabune akagakaraba intoki mu masegonda 10. (Abara mu ijwi riranguruye).
  Nyuma, umwana asubiza agace k’isabune kuri rwa rupapuro agasubira mu ikipi ye yiruka.
  Umukinnyi ukurikiyeho atangira ari uko uwambere yageze mu ikipi ye.
  9) Umukino urangira ari uko abana bose birutse.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana bakaraba intoki mu gihe kitarenze amasegonda 10?
  Abana bose bakaraba intoki zabo neza?
  Abana bakoresha neza igihe bagenewe?
  Abana basubiza agace k’isabune ku rupapuro?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Hari ikintu cyaba cyabagoye muri uyu mukino? Kivuge
  Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’uburyo bwabo bwo gukaraba intoki mu gihe cy’uyu mukino n’uburyo busanzwe bakarabamo intoki?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze ukaraba intoki wihuta? Byari bitewe ni iki?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inyigisho ivuye mu mukino
  Ni akahe kamaro ko gukaraba intoki?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira abana bakaririmba indirimbo bakayirangiza mu gihe barimo bakaraba intoki (ibyo bituma babona igihe cyo gukaraba neza intoki zabo).
  Gutegura ahandi hantu hakabiri aho buri mwana nyuma yo gukaraba intoki agomba guhita ajya akahakorera urutonde rw’ibihe bagomba gukaraba intoki (Ku buryo yabasha kubivuga).
  Isomo rya 2: Imikino yigisha kutabangamirana
  a. Ubushobozi shingiro
  Kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere babashe gukora neza imyitozo n’imikino yigisha kutabangamirana niuko baba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo y’ibanze ijyanye no gukurikiza amategeko bahawe yo kutabangamirana.
  b. Imfashanyigisho
  Imyenda ya siporo, Ikibuga, icyumba cyabugenewe, ifirimbi, amashusho, udutenesi, imipira ya karere, agati, imigozi, imitemeri, ikibaho, Umupira umwe kuri buri muganga, cyangwa kuri buri kipi, ingwa cyangwa ikintu cyafasha mu guca imbibi z’ikibuga. Ibipapuro bishaje nibura kimwe kuri buri mwana n’indobo (cyangwa agatebo bajugunyamo imyanda) imwe kuri buri kipi.
  c. Intangiriro
  Ikiganiro gitangira
  Mwarimu aganira n’abanyeshuri ku kamaro ko gukora imyitozo n’imikino yigisha kutabangamirana akareba ko abanyeshuri bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo isomo rigende neza.
  Umukino wo kwishyushya
  Koresha imyitozo/imikino yo gushyushya umubiri usanga mu mpera z’umutwe wa mbere.
  Izina ry’umukino: Malariya
  Incamake y’umukino
  Muri uyu umukino abana biruka birinda kuribwa n’imibu ifite malariya, ku ruhande hakaba hari abaganga bafite imiti bategereje kuvura abana bariwe n’imibu.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Gutegura ikibuga kinini no kureba niba kimeze neza.
  2. Gusaba abana hagati ya 2 na 5 gukina bitwa abaganga.
  3. Gusaba abana hagati ya 2 na 5 gukina bitwa imibu.
  4. Gusaba abana kwigana umuntu urwaye malariya (urugero: umurwayi utengurwa, umurwayi ufite umuriro mwinshi, umurwayi urembye).
  5. Kwereka abana umupira wo gukina no kubasobanurira ko uwo mupira ari «umuti wo kuvura malariya.
  6. Guha umupira 1 buri muganga.
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  Muri uyu mukino abana bakina mu mwanya w’imibu bagerageza gukora ku bandi bana batari abaganga, ubwo bakaba babanduje maraliyal.
  Iyo bamaze gukorwaho, bagomba kuguma bahagaze ahantu hamwe bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’umurwayi wa maraliya (batengurwa nk’abafite umuriro mwinshi).
  Abaganga bashobora gufasha abo bana banyuza umupira hagati y’amaguru yabo.
  Abaganga bakomeza gushaka abandi bana bafashwe na malariya.
  Imibu ntishobora kuruma abaganga ngo ibatere malariya kuko abaganga bafite imiti (imipira).
  8. Abana bafata bagenzi babo bagomba kutababangamira babagundira, babakiranya, kugira ngo batabateza impanuka zo kubakomeretsa cyangwa bikaba byabaviramo ubundi burwayi.
  9. Mwarimu ni we ufata ikemezo k’igihe umukino urangirira.
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Kureba niba abana batamerera nabi bagenzi babo iyo babafata.
  Abaganga bashakisha abana bariwe n’imibu?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino.
  Ni iki mwatinyaga muri uyu mukino?
  Mwakoze iki kugira ngo imibu itabaruma?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe.
  Mwigeze mubona umuntu urwaye malariya?
  Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga umurwayi wa malariya?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Ni iki uyu mukino ubigisha ku byerekeye malariya? Iterwa n’iki? Nigute bayivura?
  Mwakora iki mu rugo ngo muyirinde?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kwagura ikibuga.
  Kugabanya abaganga ukongera umubare w’imibu.
  6.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa gatandatu
  Izina ry’umukino: Amazi meza
  Incamake y’umukino:
  Ni umukino wo kwiruka basimburana aho abana bagomba kunywa ikirahure hanyuma bakiruka mu makipi.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Kubaza abana ukuntu biyumva iyo batanywa amazi menshi (urugero, kugira umwuma, kunanirwa…).
  2. Guca umurongo ntangiriro ugaragara hakoreshejwe ingwa cyangwa ikindi kintu.
  3. Gukora amakipi y’abana 5 – 7.
  4. Kubwira abana bakicara ku murongo ugororotse.
  5. Gushyira igikombe imbere ya buri mwana.
  6. Kuzuza buri gikombe amazi angana kandi meza.
  7. Gushyira umutemeri cyangwa ikindi kintu ku mpera z’ikibuga k’imikino, imbere ya buri kipi (Reba ishusho).
  8. Kubwira abana bakirinda guhirika ibikombe byabo by’amazi.
  9. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera:
  Ni isiganwa nsimburana.
  Buri mwana yicaye hasi yigira nk’usinziriye (nkaho atigeze agira icyo anywa igihe cy’amasaha 4 cyangwa 5).
  Uwambere wa buri kipi A, anywa igikombe cy’amazi ke yicaye hasi noneho agahaguruka, agasimbuka incuro eshatu ahagaze hamwe maze agatereka igikombe ku mutwe agicuritse.
  Umwana ukurikiye B, ashobora gutangira ari uko uwambere yamaze gutwara igikombe agicuritse.
  Iyo ikipi yose yarangije icyo gikorwa, abagize ikipi bose biruka ku murongo urambuye kugera ku mutemeri bakagaruka ku murongo ntangiliro bafatiriye ibikombe byabo bicuritse ku mutwe.
  10. Kugira ngo intego y’uyu mutwe ibe yagezweho, mwarimu agenda agenzura ko abanyeshuri batabangamirana, kandi akagenzura uko berekana uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’isuku, nke, binyuze mu mikino.
  11. Umukino urangira ari uko amakipi yose yarangije kunywa amazi.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana banywa amazi yose ari mu bikombe byabo mbere y’uko bahaguruka?
  Buri mwana ategereza ko umwana umuri imbere arangiza igikorwa mbere y’uko nawe atangira?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Mwumvaga mumerewe mute igihe mwasimbukaga mumaze kunywa amazi?
  Ese byaboroheye kwiruka mufite igikombe ku mutwe?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe waba warigeze kunywa amazi yuzuye igikombe ukayamara? Byari byatewe n’iki?
  Ese ni ngombwa kunywa amazi buri munsi? Kubera iki?
  Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo riturutse mu mukino
  Umuntu agomba kunywa amazi angana gute ku munsi? Agomba kuba ameze ate?
  Ese haba hari ingaruka zo kunywa amazi adasukuye mu mubiri wacu? Ni izihe?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kubwira buri kipi kuzuza indobo amazi angana n’ashobora kunyobwa buri munsi.
  Gutanga amanota yo gushimira ku kipi yagerageje kuzuza amazi akenewe.
  6.6. Imyitozo /imikino y’inyongera
  Izina ry’umukino: Kuyora ibishingwe
  Incamake y’ umukino:
  Ni umukino abana biruka basimburana bagamije kujugunya imyanda ahabugenewe.
  Imiyoborere n’amategeko by’umukino
  1. Guca umurongo ntangiriro ugaragara hakoreshejwe ingwa cyangwa ibintu bigaragara.
  2. Gukora amakipi agizwe n’abana 6 – 8.
  3. Gusaba buri kipi igakora umurongo ugororotse inyuma y’umurongo ntangiriro.
  4. Guca uruziga imbere ya buri kipi nko kuri metero 5 (Reba ishusho).
  5. Gutereka indobo imbere ya buri kipi ku mpera z’ikibuga (Reba ishusho).
  6. Gushyira ibishingwe muri buri ndobo.
  7. Gutanga ibisobanuro no kwerekera :
  Uyu mukino ni isiganwa nsimburana.
  Iyo uyobora umukino avuze ati: «Nimugende»,
  Umwana wa mbere wa buri kipi yiruka agana ku ruziga rw’ikipi yabo,
  Agafata akantu kamwe mu bishingwe,
  Agakomeza akiruka akakajugunya mu ndobo akagaruka yiruka agakora ku mwana ukurikiyeho (kugira ngo na we agende) nawe agahita ajya guhagarara inyuma.
  Intego y’umukino ni ugukura ibishingwe mu ruziga ubijyana mu ndobo kandi vuba bishoboka.
  Umukino urangira iyo buri kipi yashoboye kujugunya ibishingwe byayo mu ndobo.
  
  Ingingo zo kwitabwaho
  Abana barakora uko bashoboye kugira ngo bashyire ibishingwe mu ndobo?
  Abana bafasha bagenzi babo mu buryo bwose kugirango babashe kubigeraho?
  Ikiganiro gisoza
  Kuganira ku mukino
  Mwumvise mumeze gute igihe mwajugunyaga ibishingwe mu ndobo?
  Ni iki cyabafashije kumaraho ibishingwe byanyu mbere y’abandi?
  Guhuza umukino n’ubuzima busanzwe
  Hari ikindi gihe mwigeze mukora akazi nk’aka ko kuyora ibishingwe? Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isomo rivuye mu mukino
  Ni ryari kandi ni hehe mushobora gukora igikorwa nk’iki?
  Uburyo bwo guhindura umukino
  Kongera umwanya hagati y’inziga n’indobo.
  Kongera ubundi bwoko bw’ibishingwe, urugero: amacupa ya pulasitiki, imifuniko y’amacupa, udufuka twa pulasitiki.
  Ibitabo byifashishijwe
  1. Imbonezamasomo y’igororangingo na Siporo P1-P3, REB, Kanama 2012.
  2. Inyoborabarezi y’igororangingo na Siporo P1-P3, REB, Kanama 2012.
  3. Igitabo k’igororangingo, REB.
  4. Integanyanyigisho y’amasomo y’igororangingo na siporo, ikiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza (1-3), Kigali, Ukwakira 2014.