General
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UNIT 8: UMUCO WO KUZIGAMA
UBUSHOBOZI BW’INGENZI BUGAMIJWE
–Gusesengura umwandiko ku muco wo kuzigama, agaragaza ingingo
z’ingenzi ziwukubiyemo.
–Gusesengura raporo no kuyikora.–Kuzuza neza impapuro zabugenewe.
IGIKORWA CY’UMWINJIZO
Uhereye ku bumenyi usanzwe ufite ku kuzigama, ubona umuco wo
kuzigama uteye ute aho utuye n’aho ugenda? Kora ubushakashatsi mazewerekane akamaro ko kuzigama mu iteranbere ry’Igihugu.
VIII.1. Umwandiko: Barayasesa yiha umugambi wo kuzigama
Iyi si dutuye iteye ukwayo, wicaye ntiwatamira, udatembereye ntiwamenya.
Mitima yatangiye kugira inzozi zo gutera imbere se akimara kwitaba Imana.
Yagize ayo makuba yo kubura ababyeyi yiga mu mashuri y’inshuke. Nubwo
yari ikibondo, yumvaga abantu benshi bamusabira kuko se yabasize bakiri
bato. Umunsi umwe ahuye n’umuturanyi we w’urungano bagirana iki kigan
iro:
Mitima: Barayasesa nkubwire, burya ngo so ukwanga akwita nabi kandi ngo
izina ni ryo muntu. Ugira ngo se nkawe ntiwokamwe n’umuruho kuva
bakwita Barayasesa!
Barayasesa: Winkura umutima, Habarugira ni mwene Nzahirwa! Komeza
uyage yenda ndageraho nkuremo ijambo. Komeza sha!
Mitima: Mwasigaye muri bato, kubaho neza birabagora kandi mufite
umuryango mugari ukize ibya Mirenge!
Barayasesa: Ariko sha ko numva ushaka kwigira umujyanama w’isi yose,
uravugira kuki? ubona undusha kubaho neza?
Mitima: Ahaaa! Ngo na Nyokorome akuruma akurora! Icyashobotse ni kimwe,
Bajyinama mwene Mirimo wari waranywanye na data, nubwo yari
ageze mu za bukuru, yatwitayeho araturera, adutoza umuco wo
kuzigama tukiri bato. Hashize amezi atatu nyuma yo kwera, twituwe
ineza n’uwo munywanyi w’umuryango wacu kugira ngo tuzibesheho
atakiriho. Yadutoje umuco wo kuzigama, uwo muco uragenda
uratwokama none tugeze ahashimishije. Burya ngo ugira neza ineza
ukayisanga imbere! Data na we yabaye nka Nyamutegerikizaza wari
utuye i Gihinga na Gihindamuyaga.
Barayasesa: Yabahaye amafaranga se? Yabahaye ubuhe bwoko bw’imari
mwazigamye? Ese ubu ibyo mwabaga mwifuza cyangwa mukenera
mwarabibonye? Mu yandi magambo mwarangije kugera iyo mujya?
Mitima: Icyo yaduhaye cyose, gusa nyine icyo nkubwiye yadutoje kuzigama.
Mwe se ababyeyi banyu nta cyo babahaye?
Barayasesa: Baduhaye amafaranga ndetse n’indi mitungo. Nyamara se
ntibyadushiriyeho? Umenya baraturoze inyatsi!
Mitima: Nta na rimwe se mwigeze mutekereza kuzigama uwo mutungo
mwahawe kugira ngo muteganyirize iminsi?
Barayasesa: Ubwo se umuntu w’umusore ukiri muto nkange akeneye
kuzigama? Umuntu atangira gutekereza kuzigama ari uko yashinze
urugo.
Mitima: Barayasesa ntukitiranye ibintu, kukubwira ntyo ni uko nabonye
akamaro ko kuzigama. Iyo witeganyirije ukiri muto, ugakomeza
ukabigira umuco, biraguhira ku buryo igihe kigera ibigo by’imari
n’amabanki acuruza amafaranga bikakwizera ugakorana na byo mu
buryo bunyuranye. Iyo ugwije ubwizigame ushobora gukuraho igice
k’imari ukagishora mu bikorwa bibyara inyungu. Si uko Kanyamibwa
yakize kugeza ubwo basigaye bamwita Mirenge!
Barayasesa: Uramponda sinoga. Ushaka kuvuga se ko ubu nkoze nkawe
nabyutsa umutwe? Ntabaronkera rimwe nk’abava guca imisigati,
kandi wikanira umugisha w’undi ukannya ibuye!
Mitima: Burya sogokuru yari ahugutse pe! Yaraduhanuraga iyo twabaga twicaye
ku mashyiga dutaramye yageraho ati: “Muge muzigama izi nama
mba mbaha zizabagirira akamaro”. Tukumvisha amatwi n’umutima,
tukazirikana ibyo atubwiye tukabibika, kugeza n’ubu impanuro ze
nziza ziradutunze. Mu bukungu nk’uko nabihuguwe, igisobanuro
cyo kuzigama ni ukubika amafaranga kugeza igihe ugwirije umubare
w’amafaranga akwiye kugira ngo ugure icyo ukeneye cyangwa wifuza.
Amafaranga udakoresheje uyu munsi ashobora kugufasha kugera ku
ntego zawe ejo cyangwa mu gihe kizaza.Ubyumve neza ubizirikane.
Mu gihe barimo baganira Maharane yakurikiranaga ibiganiro byabo ari
iruhande mu gahuru bugufi y’aho bari bahagaze. Ageze aho araza yinjira mu
kiganiro. Bakomeza baganira muri aya magambo:
Maharane: Eeee! Ba sha, muri mu biki?
Barayasesa: Banza udusuhuze wa gahungu we!
Maharane: Mukomere cyane! Nahoze mbumviriza numva mufite imigambi
myiza, ifite ikerekezo kizima. Benshi mu rubyiruko bashaka guhindura
amateka. Kuzigama mwariho mukomozaho biba byiza iyo bitangiye
kare. Abakuru bagira bati: “Iteme umugabo azambuka yakennye
aritinda agitunze”. Twe tugifite imbaraga, iki ni cyo gihe cyo kwizigama
nubwo twatinze. Twese tuzi ko Mitima yagize umutima wo gutangira
kwizigama akimara kuba imfubyi; urabona ataradusize Barayase?
Cyakora wowe ngo uri Gakundabakobwa uyasesera inkumi! Umunsi
wasesewe n’umuze uzaba utizize?
Mitima: Kuri ngewe Mitima, kuzigama hakiri kare ukabikora kenshi, kabone
n’iyo waba ugenda uzigama igiceri kimwe, ukirinda ibirangaza,
ibisindisha n’utundi ducogocogo twose tudafite agaciro ni intwaro
ikomeye igufasha kuzagera ku cyo ukeneye wiyemeje. Ese wari uzi
ko buri wese ashobora kuzigama hatitawe ku myaka umuntu afite
cyangwa ku mafaranga yinjiza? Ndamutse mfite agahinja, nahita
nkayobora ibigo by’imari nkagafunguriza konti, nkajya nkashyiriraho
udufaranga uko natubonye kose. Ariko sha, nimubarire uruhinja
kuva ruvutse kugera yenda rukuze rukinjira mu mashuri yisumbuye!
Tekereza buri cyumweru waragiye uzigamira uwo mwana kandi na we
yarigiye hejuru akajya agira icyo yinagira kuri konti wamufungurije!
Uwo mushinga ntiwaba ari mwiza cyane?
Maharane: Ni byiza mwa bavandimwe mwe kwiha intego no gushyiraho
gahunda yo kuzigama. Igihe bifata kugira ngo ugere ku ntego giterwa
n’ikiguzi k’icyo ushaka kugeraho, icyo winjiza, ibyo uzigama utangaho
amafaranga ndetse n’ibyo umenyereye kugura. Barayasesa aho
ntiwacikanwe?
Barayasesa: Ku bwange Barayasesa numva twacutsa ibiganiro; sha ndumva
ubu munshinga ibikwasi.
Nyuma y’icyo kiganiro basezeranaho, buri wese aca ukwe n’undi ukwe.
Barayasesa agenda yivugisha ati: “Ririya ryori ryo kwa Ntezirizaza
ngo ni Mitima, riteye imbere. Naritanze kubona izuba, niha gucudi
ka nkiri muto, ndinezeza niha amayoga niha amuki, mfata ingendo
zidafite umumaro, noneee! Mfite n’impungenge ko naba naragen
derewe na wa mwanzi ugenda amunga ubuzima bw’abimitse inge
so y’ubusambanyi. Ngiye gufata ingamba, ntawuvuma iritararenga.
Imyaka makumyabiri mfite, ngiye gufunguza konti muri banki nge
nzigama udufaranga mbonye. Kubera ko mfite ingwate itubutse
nahawe na sogokuru, nyuma y’igihe runaka nzaba naranogeje
umushinga w’ubucuruzi nigane Mitima mwene Ntezirizaza. Nzagi
sha inama naho ubundi ngumye muri mama wararaye nazapfana
agahinda mbonye abo twabyirukanye bibeshejeho neza bitewe no
kuzigama. Inyungu zakwa ku nguzanyo si igitero. Ibigo by’imari
kandi hari n’inyungu ngo bigenera uwazigamye. Ntiwatera imbere
utizigama, ntiwatera imbere utagana ibigo by’imari n’amabanki.
Kuva ubu nisubiyeho.”
8. 1.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Soma umwandiko ya “Barayasesa yiha umugambi wo kuzigama”,
ushakemo amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije
inyito afite mu mwandiko wifashije inkoranyamagambo.
IMYITOZO
1. Uzuza interuro zikurikira ukoresheje aya magambo yo mu
mwandiko, usanishe uko bishoboka: kubyutsa umutwe,
kugendererwa.
a) Mfite impungenge ko naba……………..na wa mwanzi utera
abimitse ubusambanyi.
b) Nyuma yo guhomba igihe kirekire nongeye ..........maze
kubona igishoro nkuye muri banki.
2. Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro zumvikanisha neza
icyo ashaka kuvuga: kuyaga, kokamwa n’umuruho, kwera,
umunywanyi, umuze.
8. 1.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Ongera usome umwandiko “Barayasesa yiha umugambi wo kuzigama”,
hanyuma usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.
1. Kuki tugomba kuzigama?
2. Ni iyihe nyungu Mitima abona mu kwizigamira?
3. Ni ba nde bashobora kwizigamira ?
4. Mu mwandiko baravuga ko kuzigama bigomba gutangira ryari ?
5. Ni iki kibabaza Barayasesa?
6. Ni uwuhe mugambi Barayasesa yafashe nyuma yo kumva inama za
Mitima?
8.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Ongera usome umwandiko “Barayasesa yiha umugambi wo kuzigama”,
hanyuma usubize ibibazo byo gusesengura umwandiko.
1. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi zigize uyu mwandiko?
2. Gereranya ibivugwa mu mwandiko n’ubuzima bw’aho utuye? Hari abantu
uzi bizigamiye bagatera imbere nka Mitima? Hari abo se uzi basesaguye
ibyabo bigatuma basigara inyuma?
3. Gutoza abakiri bato kuzigama bifite kamaro ki kuri bo no ku gihugu muri
rusange?
4. Umaze kumva ibyiza byo kuzigama, ni iyihe nama wagira abanyeshuri
bagenzi bawe n’abandi bantu muri rusange?
8.1.4. Kungurana ibitekerezo
IGIKORWA
Ungurana ibitekerezo na bagenzi bawe ku nsanganyamatsiko ikurikira:
“Kuzigama ni umusingi w’iterambere rirambye”.
VIII.2. Raporo
IGIKORWA
Iyo umuntu agiye mu butumwa ahantu runaka agamije kwereka
uwamutumye ko icyo yagiye gukora yagikoze, amukorera raporo.
Nimukore ubushakashatsi, mutahure raporo icyo ari cyo, uko ikorwa,
imiterere yayo n’ibyitabwaho mu kuyikora.
1. Inshoza ya raporo
Raporo ikorwa n’umuntu wahawe ubutumwa ubu n’ubu. Iba ifite intego igamije,
ikajyamo ibitekerezo bwite bya nyiri ukuyikora, kandi ikarangira atanga
ibitekerezo ku myanzuro igomba gufatwa. Raporo iba igenewe umuyobozi
ugomba gufata ibyemezo ku bitekerezo byamugejejweho.
2. Imbata ya raporo
Raporo, igira imbata nk’iy’umwandiko usanzwe. Ni ukuvuga umutwe,
intangiriro, igihimba n’umusozo.
Umutwe : Umutwe wa raporo ni insanganyamatsiko raporo nyirizina
yerekeyeho. Umutwe wa raporo witarura intangiriro, ukagaragazwa
cyane cyangwa ugacibwaho umurongo.
Intangiriro: Muri iki gice, ukora raporo yandikamo icyo agiye gukorera raporo
n’impamvu ayikora ndetse n’agaciro iyo raporo ifite.
Igihimba: Muri iki gice, ukora raporo agaragaza ku buryo burambuye uko
abona ibyo akorera raporo; abivuga abitondekanya nk’ugambiriye
kubisobanura mu buryo bw’inyurabwenge. Ukora raporo agomba
gutanga ibisobanuro biza gutuma uwo aha raporo adashidikanya
ku myanzuro aza kumugezaho. Ibyo kandi ukora raporo abikora
atabogamye.
Umusozo: Muri iki gice, ukora raporo atangamo ibitekerezo by’uburyo ikibazo
k’ ibyo yakoreye raporo abona cyakemuka. Mbere yo gutangira
kwandika raporo, uba wabanje gutekereza ku byo uvuga mu myanzuro.
Raporo nziza igomba gutuma uwo yandikiwe yemera ibitekerezo biyikubiyemo,
agafata ibyemezo ku myanzuro yagejejweho, ariko ntigomba kubogama.
3. Uburyo raporo ikorwa
Ukora raporo agomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
– Gukoresha imvugo itunganye kandi yumvikana.
– Kugaragaza ibyerekeye icyo uvuga muri raporo yawe: itariki, isaha,
igihe, abari bahari n’abo ari bo, ingingo zizweho cyangwa ikindi
gikorwa cyari cyajyanye ukora raporo, ibyemezo byafashwe…
– Kugaragaza ibitekerezo by’ingenzi kugira ngo uyisoma abone vuba
ibyo uwakoze raporo aha agaciro kanini.
– Gushyiraho amazina n’umukono by’uwakoze raporo.
Urugero rwa raporo:
KAMANA Aloyizi Mirenge, ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 2001
Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Bwiza
Akarere ka Mirenge
Agasanduku k’iposita 50 Mirenge
Raporo ku mikoreshereze y’amafaranga y’ubudehe
Nk’uko byakozwe mu mirenge yose, hari amafaranga Leta y’u Rwnda yageneye
buri murenge kugira ngo afashe abaturage kwiteza imbere mu bikorwa
remezo. Kubera ko byagaragaye ko hari aho yakoreshejwe nabi, Nyakubahwa
Muyobozi w’Akarere ka Mirenge, mboherereje iyi raporo mbamenyesha
ikibazo cyagaragaye mu Kagari ka Mugarura kugira ngo mugire umwanzuro
mwabitangaho bityo iterambere ry’abaturage ntirikomeze kudindira.
Muri buri kagari, hatanzwe miriyoni makumyabiri zagombaga gukoreshwa mu
bikorwa remezo binyuranye. Nyuma y’igenzura nakoze, nasanze mu tugari two
mu Murenge nyobora, abayobozi batwo barakoresheje inama abaturage, bigira
hamwe icyo ayo mafaranga azakora. Mu igenzura nakoze nasanze byaragenze
neza usibye mu kagari kamwe. Mu Kagari ka Muguramo, bari bahisemo kubaka
amavomero abiri, bashaka rwiyemezamirimo, bamuha isoko arayubaka.
Byatwaye amafaranga miriyoni cumi n’eshanu. Asigaye miriyoni eshanu,
bumvikanye ko bayaguriramo inka za kijyambere abana b’imfubyi birera batatu
n’abapfakazi barindwi, ibyo babyemeranywaho batyo. Mu bugenzuzi nakoze,
nasanze amavomero ahari, rwiyemezamirimo yarayakoze uko byasabwaga,
aranishyurwa. Amatungo yagombaga kugurirwa abaturage, yaraguzwe ariko
yaguzwe mu buryo butari bwo. Umuyobozi w’akagari yagiye kuyagura ubwe
ku giti ke, nta soko ritanzwe. Amatungo yaguze ntabwo afite agaciro gakwiye.
Inka ya kijyambere yagombaga kugurwa, ni ifite agaciro k’ibihumbi magana
atanu. Nyamara inka zaguzwe si iza kijyambere, ni inka zisanzwe, ubona
zifite agaciro k’ibihumbi magana abiri kuri buri nka. Uburyo zaguzwe na
bwo ntibwumvikana, kuko ari nta soko ryatanzwe ngo ba rwiyemezamirimo
baripiganirwe. Ikigaragara ni uko amafaranga y’ubudehe yatanzwe mu Kagari
ka Muguramo atakoreshejwe neza.
Nk’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Bwiza, Akagari ka Muguramo kabarizwamo,
mbahaye iyi raporo kugira ngo muyigane ubushishozi, mugire umwanzuro
mufatira Umuyobozi w’ako kagari. Ashyikirizwe inkiko, aryozwe amafaranga
yakoresheje nabi, kandi afatirwe ibindi bihano bijyanye no kutuzuza neza
inshingano ze.
KAMANA Aloyizi,
Umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Bwiza
IMYITOZO
1. Gereranya raporo n’inyandiko mvugo.
2. Umucungamutungo wa Koperative Twitezimbere yoherejwe
gukurikirana amahugurwa yo gucunga neza imikoreshereze
y’umutungo w’abanyamuryango b’iyo koperative. Ishyire mu
kigwi cy’uwo mucunga mutungo maze ukore raporo washyikiriza
umuyobozi wa koperative wakohereje kuyakurikirana.
VIII.3. Impapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa
IGIKORWA
Soma iki gika maze ukore ubushakashatsi, usubize ibibazo bizikurikira:
Ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje byinshi. Zimwe mu mpapuro z’ubutegetsi
zo kuzuza zisigaye zuzurizwa kuri murandasi hakoreshejewe terefoni
cyangwa mudasobwa. Muri banki, iyo utujuje urupapuro rwo kubikuza,
ushobora no kubikuza amafaranga ku cyuma cyabugenewe cyangwa
ukabikuza ukoresheje terefoni.
Ibibazo:
1. Ni izihe mpapuro z’ubuyobozi zuzuzwa?
2. Impapuro zabugenewe kuzuzwa, zuzuzwa hakoreshejwe iki?
3. Urupapuro rwo kubikuza rwuzuzwaho iki?
1. Impapuro zo mu nzego z’uyobozi bwite bwa Leta
Mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta, hari impapuro zabugenewe zo kuzuzwa
zituma nyirazo ahabwa serivisi runaka. Zimwe muri izo mpapuro ni izi
zikurikira:
- Ikemezo cy’amavuko
- Ikemezo gisimbura ikarita ndangamuntu by’agateganyo
- Icyangombwa cyo gushyingirwa
- Icyangombwa cy’ubupfakazi,
(…)
Mu buryo bwo gutanga serivisi inoze impapuro zimwe na zimwe zuzuzwa
hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Ni muri urwo rwego, zimwe muri izi impapuro
zisabwa hifashishijwe urubuga “Irembo: www.irembo.gov.rw”
a) Imikorere y’urubuga Irembo
Mu muco wacu, irembo ni ijambo rifite agaciro, haba gufata irembo, haba
gutanga irembo, igihe cyose rivuga guhabwa ikaze mu muryango.
Uru rubuga kandi rukora nk’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga, butunganya ibikorwa
bigamije gutanga serivisi hagati y’Ibigo bya Leta n’abaturage. Imikoreshereze
n’imitunganyirize y’urwo rubuga, ikaba igengwa n’Ihuriro ry’Imirongo
Nyarwanda (Rwanda Online Platform Ltd).
Mu gihe umuturage akoresha urubuga irembo, agomba kubanza gusoma neza
amabwiriza n’inshingano ze mu byerekeranye no gukoresha uru rubuga.
Ku bijyanye n’impapuro akeneye zuzuzwa, umuturage agomba kubanza
kwishyura. Kwishyura serivisi ku rubuga Irembo, bishobora gukorwa
hifashishijwe uburyo butatu aribwo: terefoni ngendanwa, ikarita yo kubitsa no
kubikuza n’andi makarita akoreshwa mu ma banki bakorana.
Hari kandi umuyoboro wo kwishyura ukoresheje murandasi, washyizweho
kugira ngo kwishyura bikorwe mu buryo bworoshye.
Uwasabye serivisi, agomba kandi kumenya ko umwirondoro we winjijwe neza,
ko yishyuye kandi ko yahawe serivisi.
Kugira ngo usubizwe amafaranga wishyuye bitewe n’uko utahawe serivisi
wasabye, ugomba kugeza ikibazo cyawe ku Ihuriro ry’Imirongo Nyarwanda
(Rwanda Online Platform Ltd).
b) Gusaba ikemezo ukoresheje Irembo
Kugira ngo ubone ikemezo, bisaba kuba ufite mudasobwa cyangwa terefoni
irimo murandasi. Wifashisha inshakisho (browser) hanyuma ukandikaahabugenewe www.irembo.gov.rw , hagahita haza ibi bikurikira:
Iyo umaze kubona iyi mbonerahamwe, ushakisha ahanditse “inzego z’ibanze”,
ugahitamo ikemezo ushaka, hanyuma ukanyura mu ntambwe zikurikira:
Intambwe ya mbere: Gusaba
Gukoresha Irembo: Niba utariyandikishije ku rubuga Irembo, kanda
ahanditse “Kwiyandikisha” hejuru iburyo maze wiyandikishe ukoresheje
indangamuntu yawe na nomero ya terefoni igendanwa yanditse ku
ndangamuntu yawe.
– Gusaba ukoresheje terefoni igendanwa (USSD): Kanda *909# ,ukurikize
amabwiriza, cyangwa ushobora no kwegera uhagarariye Irembo.
– Nyuma yo kohereza dosiye isaba, wohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri
terefoni cyangwa imeri (Email) yawe, bwemeza ko dosiye yoherejwe,
kandi ugahabwa kode yo kwishyuriraho.
Intambwe ya kabiri: Kwishyura
– Ushobora guhita wishyura unyuze ku rubuga Irembo ugakoresha
amakarita (VISA cyangwa MasterCard), cyangwa se ugahitamo
kwishyura ukoresheje terefoni (MTN Mobile Money *182#, Airtel*182#,
Tigo *310#), mobikashi (Mobicash), cyangwa ukajya ku ishami rya
Banki ya Kigali cyangwa uyihagarariye ukorera hafi yawe.
– Nyuma yo kwishyura, wohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri terefoni
cyangwa kuri imeri (Email) bwemeza ko wishyuye. Nutabona
ubutumwa bugufi kuri terefoni cyangwa imeri mu gihe k’iminota 30,
wahamagara kuri 9099 umukozi w’Irembo akagufasha.
Intambwe ya gatatu: Igihe cyo kujya gufata ikemezo
Iyo umukozi ushinzwe irangamimerere abonye dosiye yawe, arayisuzuma,
akayemeza cyangwa akayihakana, hanyuma ukohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi
kuri terefoni cyangwa imeri (Email) bukumenyesha ko dosiye yawe yemewe
cyangwa yanzwe. Iyo utabonye ubutumwa bugufi nyuma y’iminsi itatu
y’akazi wohereje dosiye isaba, uhamagara ku biro by’umurenge wahisemo,
cyangwa ukajyayo kugira ngo bagusobanurire.
Intambwe ya kane: Kujya gufata icyangombwa
Jya kureba Umukozi Ushinzwe Irangamimerere ku murenge wahisemo, witwaje
impapuro zerekana ko wishyuye (ubutumwa bugufi bwoherejwe n’Irembo
cyangwa inyemezabwishyu ya banki), kandi ujyane n’imigereka isabwa kuri iyi
serivisi (niba isabwa).
Iki kemezo gishobora gukoreshwa nk’imwe mu nyandiko ziherekeza dosiye
isaba serivisi, nko kwiyandikisha mu ishuri, kurera umwana utari uwawe, gusaba
ikemezo cy’umwirondoro wuzuye, kwiyandikisha kugira ngo ushyingirwe,n’ibindi...
2. Sheki
Sheki ni urupapuro rwuzuzwa muri banki kugira ngo nyirayo cyangwa uwo
ihawe abikuze amafaranga kuri konti ye cyangwa y’uyimuhaye. Biragoye kubona
sheki yo mu Kinyarwanda gusa kubera ko banki ziganwa n’Abanyarwanda
ndetse n’abanyamahanga. Iby’ingenzi byuzuzwa kuri sheki ni ibi bikurikira:
– Umazina y’uri bubikuze akoresheje iyo sheki.
– Umubare w’amafaranga abikuzwa.
– Uhawe sheki.
– Itariki sheki itangiweho.
– Umukono wa nyiri konti.Urugero rwa sheki
IMYITOZO
a) Shushanya sheki ugaragaze neza amakuru yose uyuzuza akenera,
maze uyuzuze.
b) Ishyire mu kigwi cy’uwataye irangamuntu wo Murenge wa Ngoma
maze umwandikire amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo yuzuzweku kemezo gisimbura ikarita y’irangamuntu by’agateganyo.
VIII.4. Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
Umaze kwiga inyandiko zuzuzwa, ifashishe mudasobwa maze uge ku rubuga
www.irembo.gov. rw, uhitemo ahanditse inzego z’ibanze, urebe ibyemezo
bihari, muri byo uhitemo bitanu, usobanure inzira wacamo ubyuzuza. Herakuri ibyo byemezo ugaragaze uko amakuru akenewe yuzuzwa kuri byo.
Ubu nshobora:
– Gusesengura umwandiko ku muco wo kuzigama ngatahura ingingo
z’ingenzi ziwukubiyemo.
– Gusesengura raporo no kuyikora.– Kuzuza impapuro zagenewe kuzuzwa.
Ubu ndangwa no:
• Gushishikarira no gushishikariza bagenzi bange kugira umuco wo
kuzigama no kwigira.
• Kwitabira gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gusaba ibyemezobitandukanye.
VIII.5. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa munani
Umwandiko: Yahaboneye isomo
Kamana na Gasana bari batuye mu mudugudu umwe. Imiryango yabo yari ifite
imikorere inyuranye, bityo n’iterambere rya buri muryango ryari ritandukanye,
bitewe n’imikorere yabo. Umuryango wa Kamana wari wariteje imbere;
warangwaga no gukunda umurimo, ugakoresha neza ibyo utunze kandi
ukamenya kuzigama. Naho umuryango wa Gasana wo warangwaga n’ubunebweno gusesagura.
Umunsi umwe, mu gihe cy’urugaryi, Gasana n’abana be barihoreye bizera
iminsi myiza, imyaka yari yeze, nta kibazo k’inzara kirangwa mu muryango
wabo. Abo kwa Gasana babyukaga barya, barangiza bakoga, nuko bagatangira
kuzerera hirya no hino baririmbira abahisi n’abagenzi mu gihe kwa Kamana bo
babaga bashishikariye umurimo. Abana ba Gasana nta kintu na kimwe bari bazi
gukora, uretse kuririmba no kubyina. Umuryango wa Kamana wo, ntiwasibaga
gukorana umurava no gutoza abana umurimo. Buri mwana yari afite inshinganoashinzwe kurangiza.
Nta mwanya wo gupfusha ubusa bagiraga. Kamana n’umugore we bazindukaga
kare bitabiraga umurimo.
Abana bo kwa Kamana, iyo bavaga ku ishuri bakoraga imirimo inyuranye yo mu
rugo barangiza bagasubiramo amasomo yabo. Haba mu gihe kiza, haba mu gihe
kibi, abo kwa Kamana ntibaruhukaga gukora. Iyo umusaruro wabaga mwinshi,
barahunikaga, bateganyiriza iminsi mibi. Ntibinubiraga akazi, bahoraga
bakora cyane bakiyuha akuya. Iyo bwagorobaga, bariyuhagiraga, bakarya nuko
bakaruhuka. Bwacya abana bakajya kwiga; ababyeyi bakarimbanya imirimo yabo.
Umuryango wo kwa Gasana kubera gusesagura waje guhura n’iminsi mibi
y’inzara. Ibyo bejeje byari byashize, kubera ko igihe kinini bakimaraga
bidamarariye birata mu ndirimbo n’imbyino sinakubwira. Inzara ibamereye
nabi, Gasana arahaguruka, araboneza no ku muturanyi we Kamana ngo ba!
Agezeyo, asanga bari kuvana imyaka mu kigega. Aravunyisha nuko bamuha
ikaze. Ntiwareba uko yasaga, yari ananutse kubera inzara. Kamana amuha
umwanya wo kuvuga ikimugenza! Nuko Gasana araterura ati: “Muvandimwe
wange kandi nshuti, nje hano ngo umfashe, umpe ku byo kurya wahunitse,
ndebe ko iminsi mibi y’inzara yarangira. Abana bange inzara irabugarije,
bamerewe nabi cyane. Rwose ntumpakanire, ni wowe nagira.”
Kamana ariyumvira yibuka ukuntu yahuraga n’abo kwa Gasana bazerera gusa
badakora mu gihe abe babaga biyushye akuya bakorera urugo rwabo, yibuka
kandi ukuntu kwa Gasana basesaguraga utwo bejeje badashobora kuzigamira
iminsi mibi. Kamana amureba asa n’umurenza ingohe aricecekera amwima
amatwi. Gasana arongera avuga mu ijwi riranguruye, agira ati: “Muvandimwe,
gerageza kunyumva, umfashe.” Kamana aramusubiza ati: “Ko nzi ko mwari
mwarejeje byabagendekeye bite? Gasana ati: “Twarabigurishije ibindi turabirya
turabimara.” Nuko Kamana yongera kumubaza ati: “Ntimwibuka ko habaho
iminsi mibi ngo mwizigamire!” Gasana aratakamba cyane ati: “Wokagira Imana
we, ngirira impuhwe umfungurire umpe n’imbuto, isomo nararibonye.”
Gasana arakomeza aramwinginga nuko amusezeranya ko mu minsi mike azaba
yejeje ko atazongera gusesagura kandi ko azamwishyura ibyo amugurije.
Kamana agera aho agira impuhwe aca inkoni izamba amuha ibyo guteka.
Amugira n’inama yo kuza mu rugo akamuha akazi we n’abe. Ageze mu
rugo, abwira abana be ko Kamana yamugiriye impuhwe akamuha ibiribwa
akanamwemerera kubaha akazi kugira ngo babone ibyo bazajya barya. Abo
kwa Gasana batangira ubwo guca inshuro. Buri munsi Kamana akabaha ibyo
guteka bakoreye. Ibyo birabasindagiza kugeza iminsi mibi irangiye.
Mu gihe babaga bari mu kazi kwa Kamana, yarabaganirizaga akabagira inama yo
gukorana umurava no kurwanya ubunebwe, akanabatoza umuco wo kuzigama.
Abana ba Gasana babona isomo ryiza, biga gukora imirimo yo mu rugo ihwanye
n’ubushobozi bwabo.
Hashize iminsi Kamana aganiriza umuhungu wa Gasana witwaga Kamari
amubaza impamvu yacikije amashuri kandi akiri muto. Kamari amusubiza
ko iwabo babuze ubushobozi bwo kumurihira amafaranga y’ishuri. Kamana
amubwira amateka y’umwana wari imfubyi akaza guhabwa inkoko imwe
na nyirarume akayorora akajya agurisha amagi yayo udufaranga akuyemo
akatuzigama twagwira akaguramo izindi nkoko akarushaho kubona umusaruro
w’amagi utubutse. Amusobanurira ko byatinze uwo mwana akagura inka mu
mafaranga yakuraga mu magi.
Amafaranga yavaga mu mukamo w’inka, ni yo yagiye azigama buhorobuhoro,
akabasha kwirihira amashuri yisumbuye, ndetse na kaminuza. Kamana
yasobanuriye Kamari ukuntu uwo mwana yiteje imbere abikesha umuco
mwiza yagiraga wo kumenya kuzigama. Akimara kumva iyo nkuru, amusaba
ko amafaranga yari kuzamuhemba, yayamuguriramo urukwavu akagenda
akarworora, kugira ngo na we azage yizigamira atangiye kugurisha inkwavu ze.
Kamana yigishije Gasana n’umuryango we gukunda umurimo no kwizigamira,
maze nyuma yaho barakora beza imyaka, barahunika, urugo rwabo rukira
inzara rutyo. Kamari na we, yoroye inkwavu atangira kuzigama amafaranga
akuyemo, nyuma y’umwaka asubira mu ishuri afatanya n’ababyeyi be kwishyura
amafaranga y’ishuri. Ubu umuryango wa Gasana witeje imbere, umeze neza
kubera isomo uwo muryango wakuye kwa Kamana.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
Soma umwandiko, usubize ibibazo bikurikira.
1. Muri uyu mwandiko baratubwiramo imiryango ibiri. Tandukanya
imiterere yayo.
2. Iterambere ryo mu muryango wa Kamana rikomoka ku ki?
3. Ni iyihe ndangagaciro dusanga muri uyu mwandiko, iranga
Abanyarwanda?
4. Ni ikihe gihe k’ihinga kivugwa mu mwandiko? Garagaza nibura ibindi
bihe bibiri by’ihinga bitavuzwe mu mwandiko.
5. Sobanura ibyiza byo kuzigama bivugwa mu mwandiko.
6. Vuga ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka ziri mu mwandiko.
7. Gereranya imyitwarire y’abanyarubuga n’ubuzima busanzwe bw’aho
utuye.
II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura amagambo akurikira, ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko.
a) Urugaryi
b) Kwiyuha akuya
c) Kugarizwa (n’inzara)
d) Kuboneza
2. Shaka amagambo yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko avuga kimwe n’amagambo
atsindagiye muri izi nteruro:
a) Agezeyo, arakomanga nuko bamuha ikaze.
b) Bwacya bagakomeza imirimo yabo.3. Huza ijambo n’igisobanuro cyaryo ukurikije inyito rifite mu mwandiko .
III. Ikibazo ku mpapuro zuzuzwa, sheki na raporo
1. Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu kubikura amafaranga kuri banki?
2. Sheki umuntu ayitanga uko yakabaye cyangwa hari ibyo yuzuzaho?
3. Usibye sheki, nta zindi mpapuro muzi buzuza?
4. Kubera iki umuntu yandika raporo?5. Sobanura ibyakwitabwaho mu kujora raporo yakozwe.