UNIT 7: GUKUNDA UMURIMO
UBUSHOBOZI BW’INGENZI BUGAMIJWE
-Gusesengura indirimbo ivuga ku gukunda umurimo hagaragazwa
uturango tw’indirimbo n’ikeshamvugo rigaragaramo.
-Guhanga indirimbo zitandukanye zivuga ku gukunda umurimo.
-Gusoma no kwandika mu nyandiko nyejwi na nyemvugo amagambon’interuro.
IGIKORWA CY’UMWINJIZO
Ushingiye ku mwandiko ukurikira, sobanura impamvu gukunda umurimoari ingirakamaro mu mibereho y’abantu muri rusange.
VII.1. Umwandiko: Umurunga w’iminsi
1. Burya gusaza ni ugusahurwa
Kuko iyo tujya ni habi
Nariye iminsi ndayiyongeza
Nsigara nyitera inyoni ziguruka
None iranze iranyigabije
Iranyiganzuye yo gapfusha
Cyo rero Kibondo cyange
Igira hino nkurage intwaro
Nitwaje iki gihe cyose
Ibihe bibi byose nkabyirenza
Uyitwaje azira kuneshwa
Utayitunze azira kuramba
Iyo ntwaro ishumika iminsi
Nta yindi shahu ni umurimo
2. Iyo isi imaze kukurambirwa
Kuko ntacyo uba ukiyimariye
Imikaka y’iminsi irarindwa aaaa.
Mbese ye, wakwizera ute ubuzima bw’ejo
Udakoze ngo wiyuhe akuya
Kura ishati witege iminsi
Aho wenda, aho wenda,
Aho wenda kibondo cyange
Aho wenda ntuzibuka y’uko
Umurunga w’iminsi ari umurimo.
Aho wenda, aho wenda,
Aho wenda bibondo cyange
Aho wenda buto bwange
Aho wenda ntuzabyibuka
Niyo mpamvu itumye
Mbikubwiye nkwihanangirije.
3. Ntugahaburwe n’ibyo hanze aha
Ibi bizanwa n’abagenzi
Ngo bigutware umutima wawe
Bikwibagize umurimo
Burya ga ni uko utabizi
Guteka umutwe ni umwanda
Ntibitinda, nta n’ubwo byizerwa
Ubundi kandi bihira bake.
Aho wenda aho wenda
Aho wenda Kibondo cyange
Aho wenda ntuzibuka yuko
Umurunga w’iminsi ari umurimo.
Aho wenda, aho wenda
Aho wenda kibondo cyange,
Aho wenda buto bwange
Aho wenda ntuzabyibuka
Niyo mpamvu itumye
Mbikubwiye nkwihanangirije.
4. Uramenye, uramenye, uramenye,
Utazazira iyo mikaka
Irindwa abagifite ubukaka
Cyane abo mu kigero cyawe.(x2)
Aho wenda, aho wenda
Aho wenda kibondo cyange,
Aho wenda ntuzibuka yuko
Umurunga w’iminsi ari umurimo.
Aho wenda, aho wenda,
Aho wenda kibondo cyange
Aho wenda buto bwange
Aho wenda ntuzabyibuka
Niyo mpamvu itumye
Mbikubwiye nkwihanangirije.
Niyo mpamvu itumye
Mbikubwiye nkwihanangirije
(Indirimbo ya Alegisi Kagame)
7. 1.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Soma umwandiko “Umurunga w’iminsi”, ushakemo amagambo
udasobanukiwe hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije inyito afite mu
mwandiko wifashije inkoranyamagambo.
1. Kora interuro wifashishije amagambo akurikira:
a) Umurunga
b) Ikibondo
c) Gusahurwa
d) Kwiyuha akuya
e) Intwaro
2. Tahura muri iki kinyatuzu amagambo yakoreshejwe mumwandiko.
7.1.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Ongera usome umwandiko “Umurunga w’iminsi”, hanyuma usubize
ibibazo byawubajijweho.
1. Ni nde uvuga muri uyu mwandiko? Erekana imikarago isobannura
igisubizzzo cyawe.
2. Ni nde ubwirwa muri uyu mwandiko? Erekana imikarago
isobanura igisubizo cyawe.
3. Muri uyu mwandiko, hari aho umuhanzi atukana? Ni iki atuka?
Sobanura impamvu atukana?
4. Umuhanzi aradushishikariza iki mu mwandiko we?
5. Mu mwandiko umuhanzi arasobanura ko ikibeshaho umuntu ari iki?6. Umusaza arigisha iki umwana mugika cya gatatu?
7.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
IGIKORWA
Ongera usome umwandiko “Umurunga w’iminsi”, hanyuma usubize
ibibazo bikurikira:
1. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi dusanga mu mwandiko?
2. Ni iyihe mpamvu ituma uyu musaza agira inama umwana we?
3. Izina ikibondo rihagarariye nde uburirwa mu mwandiko?4. Uyu mwandiko urakwigisha iki?
VII.2. Indirimbo
IGIKORWA
Ongera usome umwandiko“Umurunga w’iminsi” witegereza imiterere
yawo. Uhereye ku miterere yawo kora ubushakashatsi utahure inshozan’uturango by’indirimbo.
7.2.1. Inshoza y’indirimbo
Indirimbo ni imwe mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzo bwo muri rubanda. Ni amajwi afite
injyana yungikana n’amagambo. Indirimbo zivuga ku ngingo zitandukanye
zigusha ku buzima bwa buri munsi; hari indirimbo z’urukundo, indirimbozisingiza umuntu cyangwa ikintu, hari izigisha, izibara inkuru n’izindi.
7.2.2. Uturango tw’indirimbo
Indirimbo irangwa n’imiterere yayo ndetse n’ikeshamvugo.
a) Imiterere y’indirimbo
Ahanini indirimbo irangwa n’ibice bibiri by’ingenzi: ibitero n’inyikirizo. Uko
igitero kirangiye, umuririmbyi ashyiraho inyikirizo ariko hari indirimbo
zitagira inyikirizo.
Urugero rw’indirimbo ifite inyikirizo:
Umurunga w’iminsi.
Urugero rw’indirimbo itagira inyikirizo:
Indirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu.
Uburyo ibi bice bihimbwa usanga ari nk’umuvugo ariko byo bigashyirwa mu
majwi aryoheye amatwi no mu njyana runaka yatoranyijwe. Indirimbo ishoborakuba iy’amajwi y’umuntu cyangwa urusobe rw’amajwi y’abantu.
b) Ikeshamvugo mu ndirimbo
Ikeshamvugo rikoreshwa mu ndirimbo ni rimwe n’iryo mu mivugo: uzasangamo
isubirajwi, isubirajambo, imizimizo y’ubwoko bunyuranye bitewe n’urwegorw’ihanikarurimi umuhanzi yashatse gushyiramo indirimbo ye.
7.2.3. Akamaro k’indirimbo
Indirimbo zifite uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho y’umuntu muri rusange.
Ubushakashatsi bunyuranye bwemeza ko indirimbo zongerera ubushobozi
ubwonko bwo gutekereza neza mu buryo bwiza kandi bworoshye.
Indirimbo zorohereza abana bakiri bato bafite ikibazo cyo kuvuga no kwandika.
Birumvikana ko bituma umwana agerageza gusubiramo ibyo yagiye yumva
ndetse no kubisobanukirwa mu buryo bworoshye . ( Bifatiye ku nkuru
yatangajwe n’imirasire ku rubuga rwa: www.imirasire.com)
Bitewe n’ikivugwa mu ndirimbo , uzasanga indirimbo zigira uruhare rukomeye
mu guhindura imyumvire y’abantu ndetse no kubakangurira gukora ibikorwarunaka.
Ingero:
- Indirimbo zivuga kuri Sida ndetse n’ibindi byorezo, uburyo byandura
n’uko byakwirindwa, zituma abantu birinda kwandura virusi itera Sida.
- Indirimbo zivuga ku butwari zituma abazumva bagira ubutwari bakagira
ishyaka n’umurava wo gukunda Igihugu...- Indirimbo zivuga ku murimo zituma abazumva bitabira umurimo.
IMYITOZO
1. Indirinbo irangwa n’utuhe turango? Twerekane.
2. Sesengura indirimbo imirunga y’iminsi ugaragaza uturango
twayo.
3. Ririmba indirimbo “Umurunga w’iminsi” wubahiriza injyana yayo.
VII.3. Inyandiko nyejwi
7. 3.1. Imyandikire y’amajwi y’ibihekane mu nyandiko nyejwi
IGIKORWA
Mwitegereze ibihekane biri mu mwandiko “Umurunga w’ iminsi” maze
mwandike amajwi yose mwumva yabonetse habayeho gusobekeranya
ingombajwi. Mukore ubushakashatsi mutahure inshoza y’igihekane,
uburyo amajwi y’Ikinyarwanda ahekana n’uburyo amajwi y’ibihekaneyandikwa mu nyandiko nyejwi.
1. Inshoza y’igihekane
Igihekane ni ijwi ry’inyunge ryandikishwa ingombajwi zirenze imwe: ingombajwi
n’ingombajwi cyangwa ingombajwi n’inyerera. Niba G ari ingombajwi na N
ikaba inyerera, mu Kinyarwanda amajwi y’ibihekane ashobora guhekana muri
ubu buryo:
G: ingombajwi imwe ariko igizwe n’amajwi abiri mu nyandiko nyejwi
G+G: ingombajwi + ingombajwi
G+N: ingombajwi + inyerera
G+G+N: ingombajwi + ingombajwi + inyerera
G+N+N: ingombajwi + inyerera + inyerera
G+G+N+N: ingombajwi + ingombajwi + inyerera + inyerera
G+G+G+N+N: ingombajwi + ingombajwi + ingombajwi + inyerera + inyerera
2. Ibihekane by’Ikinyarwanda n’uburyo byandikwa mu nyandiko
nyejwi
Mu Kinyarwanda, igihekane kigizwe n’ingombajwi ihindurirwa urwego
rw’imivugire igafata urundi bitewe n’ikiciro irimo (Ingombajwi ihindurirwa
urwego bitewe n’inyerera cyangwa inyamazuru bihekanye). Ihekana ry’amajwi
y’ingombajwi n’inyerera rikubiye mu byiciro bikurikira bitewe n’aho zivugirwa:
-Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere;
-Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’inyuma;
-Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru;
- Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’imbere;
- Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’inyuma;
-Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere n’urw’inyuma;
- Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru, mu rusenge rw’imbere no mu rusenge
rw’inyuma; Ikiciro kihariye.
a) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zose zishobora kujyana n’inyerera y’imbere
[j/y]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturike z’inyaminwa [pkj] [bgj], inturike y’inyamenyo
[tkj], inturike y’inyenkanka [kj]. Harimo kandi inkubyi y’inyamwinyo
[vgj], inkubyi y’inyesongashinya [skj], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [gj], inkarage
y’inyamenyo [rgj], inturike nkubyi y’inyamwinyo [pfkj], inyamazuruy’inyaminwa [mɲ], inyamazuru y’inyamenyo [nɲ]
Ingero z’amagambo:- [rgj]: [àràrgjààrgjà]
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zose zishobora kujyana n’inyerera y’inyuma
[w]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturike z’inyaminwa [pk][bg], inturike z’inyamenyo
[tkw][dgw], inturike z’inyenkanka [kw][gw], inkubyi z’inyamwinyo [fk][vg],
inkubyi z’inyesongashinya [skw][zgw], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [∫kw][ Ʒgw],
inkubyi y’inyenkanka [hw], inkarage y’inyamenyo [rgw], inturike nkubyi
y’inyamwinyo [pfkh] inturike nkubyi y’inyesongashinya [tskw], inturike
nkubyi y’inyarusenge [t∫kw], inyamazuru y’inyaminwa [mŋ], inyamazuruy’inyamenyo [nŋw], inyamazuru y’inyenkanka [ŋw]/ ɲŋw.
c) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zose zishobora kubanzirizwa n’inyamazuru
[n/m]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturike z’inyaminwa [mph][mb], inturike z’inyamenyo
[nth][nd], inturike z’inyenkanka [ŋkh][ ŋg], inkubyi z’inyamwinyo [mf][mv],inkubyi z’inyesongashinya [ns] [nz], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [n∫] [nƷ].
d) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’imbere
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zishobora kubanzirizwa n’inyamazuru [n/m],
zikajyana icyarimwe n’inyerera y’imbere [j/y]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturikez’inyaminwa [mp∫<] [mbgj], inturike z’inyamenyo [nthŋkhj] [nrgj], inturike
y’inyenkanka [ŋkhj], inkubyi y’inyamwinyo [mvgj], inkubyi y’inyesongashinya[nskj], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [n∫<] [ngj].
e) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’inyuma
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zishobora kubanzirizwa n’inyamazuru
[n/m], zikajyana icyarimwe n’inyerera y’inyuma [w]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturike
z’inyaminwa [mphŋkhw] [mbg], inturike z’inyamenyo [nthŋkhw][ndgw],
inturike z’inyenkanka [ŋkhw] [ŋgw], inkubyi z’inyamwinyo [mfk] [mvg],
inkubyi z’inyesongashonya [nskw] [nzgw], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [n∫kw][nƷgw].
- [mphŋkhw]: [ìmphŋkhwèèmphŋkhwè]- [mvg]: [àzùùmvgà] - [mfk]: [ìmfkààtì]
f) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere n’urw’inyuma
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zishobora kujyana icyarimwe n’inyerera
y’imbere n’iy’inyuma [j/y na w]. Ibyo bihekane ni: inturike y’inyaminwa [bgjgw],
inkubyi y’inyamwinyo [vgjgw], inkubyi z’inyarusenge [∫<kw] [gjgw], inkaragey’inyamenyo [rgjgw], inyamazuru y’inyamunwa [mɲŋw].
Ingero z’amagambo:
- [∫<kw]: [kùrù∫<kwà]
- [kubgjgw]: [gùtùùbgjgwà].
- [vgjgw]: [bwàâhôòvgjgwè]
- [gjgw]: [kùgjòògjgwà]
- [rgjgw]: [àràrgjààrgjgwà]- [mɲŋw]: [kùràmɲŋwà] g) Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru, mu rusenge rw’imbere no mu
rusenge rw’inyuma
Iki kiciro dusangamo ingombajwi zishobora kubanzirizwa n’inyamazuru [n/m]
kujyana icyarimwe n’inyerera y’imbere n’iy’inyuma [j/y na w]. Ibyo bihekane
ni: inturike y’inyaminwa [mbgjgw], inkubyi y’inyamwinyo [mvgjgw], inkubyiz’inyarusenge [n∫<kw]
[ ngjgw].
Ingero z’amagambo:
- [mvgjw]: [ùrâhôòmvòò mvgjwà] n’îîk î?
- [mbgjgw]: [gùhòòmbgjgwà]
- [n∫<kw]: [ în∫<kwâ]- [ngjgw]: [kûgjôòngjgwà]h) Ikiciro kihariye
Muri iki kiciro habonekamo ibihekane bituruka ku ihura ry’indagi y’inyamunwa [p]
ihura n’indagi y’inyamwinyo [f] bigatanga igihekane [pf], indagi y’inyamenyo [t]
ihura n’indagi y’inyesongashinya [s] bikabyara igihekane [ts], indagi y’inyamenyo
[t] ihura n’indagi y’inyarusenge [∫] bikabyara igihekane [t∫].Ingero z’amagambo:
- [pf]: [ùmûpfâàkàzì].
- [ts] : [umûtsîma],- [t∫] : [ùmùt∫àât∫à]
Ibisobanuro ku misomere y’imbonerahamwe
1. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere.
2. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’inyuma.
3. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru.
4. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’imbere.
5. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’inyuma.
6. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere n’urw’inyuma.
7. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru, mu rusenge rw’imbere no mu
rusenge rw’inyuma.8. Ikiciro kihariye.
IMYITOZO
Andika amagambo akurikira mu nyandiko nyejwi:
a) Winshwaratura
b) Impyisi
c) Intwaro
d) Inshushyu
e) Inkorif) Nshwekure
7. 3. 2. Imyandikire y’interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi
IGIKORWA
Kora umwitozo wo gusoma amagambo agize interuro zinyuranye
ziri mu mwandiko “Umurunga w’iminsi” n’andi magambo cyangwa
interuro bigaragaramo ibihekane byose by’Ikinyarwanda maze ukoreubushakashatsi ugaragaze uko interuro zandikwa mu nyandiko nyejwi.
Kwandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi.
Iyo bandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi ntibapfa kubikora uko babonye. Hari
ibyitabwaho mu kwandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi. Ni byiza gukurikiza
uburyo bukurikira kugira ngo ubashe kwandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi.
Bisaba ko umuntu yandika ijwi ryose ryumvikana iyo avuga ijambo cyangwa
interuro runaka. Ni ngombwa ko umuntu yandika agaragaza ibimenyetso byose
byumvikana. Bityo rero, amasaku yose agomba kugaragazwa ni ukuvuga ko
yaba amasaku y’integuza, amasaku nyejuru n’amasaku nyesi yose arandikwa.
Ni ngombwa kwita ku migemo igize amagambo kuko umugemo waba utinda
cyangwa ubanguka yandikwa yose. Ni ngombwa kwandika ibimenyetso
byose byihariye nk’uko byagiye bigaragazwa mu myandikire y’amagambo mu
nyandiko nyejwi.
Burya iyo umuntu avuga, amajwi asohoka mu kamwa afatanye ni yo mpamvu iyo
bandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi bafatanya amagambo yose uko yakabaye.Interuro yose ishyirwa hagati y’udusodeko [ ].
Urugero:
Uko amajyambere agenda yiyongera ni ko ikitwa umutungo kamere twasigiwe
n’abakurambere bacu ugenda ukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe neza cyangwa nabi
hirengagijwe abavuka uko bwije n’uko bukeye.
[ûkwȃmàgjààmbèràgjèêndȃjȋìjòŋgjèèrànȋkwȋkjìȋtkwùmûtûùŋgòkhàmêrê tk
wàȃsigjìwênȃßȃkûrààmbèrèßat∫ùgjèèndûkȏrèè∫kwàrȋmŋênȃrȋmŋènêêzȃkyȃȃŋgwȃnàȃßȋhȋìrèèŋgàgyìƷgwàßȃvûùkwûkwȏbgìȋƷênûûkwôßùkyèêyè] IMYITOZO
1. Vuga muri make icyo wagenderaho wandika interuro mu
nyandiko nyejwi.
2. Iyo witegereje usanga imyandikire y’amagambo arimo ibihekane
mu nyandiko nyejwi ihuriye he n’imyandikire y’interuro mu
nyandiko nyejwi? Sobanura igisubizo cyawe.
3. Andika izi nteruro mu nyandiko nyejwi:
a) Voma vuba uze tuzamuke burije, ejo iwacu batazabura amazi yo
b) Umunyeshuri usoma ibitabo ajijuka vuba.
c) Yewe waranasaze!kubobeza imigozi kuko bafite abakozi bazabubakira urugo.
VII.4. Inyandiko nyemvugo
IGIKORWA
Itegereze amagambo akurikira yanditswe mu mpushya ebyiri maze
witegereze amajwi yanditse atsindagiye. Kora ubushakashatsi utahure
inshoza y’inyandiko nyemvugo n’ uko bandika ibihekane mu nyandiko
nyemvugo kandi utandukaye uko bandika ibihekane mu nyandiko nyejwino mu nyandiko nyemvugo.
a) Inshoza y’inyandiko nyemvugo
Inyandiko nyemvugo ni inyandiko ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko yo kugabanya
ibimenyetso byandika ibihekane mu nyandiko nyejwi. Ibimenyetso bisigaye
biba byihagije ku buryo bidatera kwitiranya amagambo no kujijinganya ku
bisobanuro by’ijambo ryanditse. Ibimenyetso bisigaye bibarirwa mu rwego
rw’iyigamvugo, bibarirwa gutyo mu nyandiko nyemvugo.
Iyo umaze kugabanya utyo ibimenyetso by’inyandiko nyejwi uba uvuye mu
rwego rw’iyigamajwi ugiye mu rwego rw’iyigamvugo, Icyo gihe, ibimenyetso
bisigaye bikurwa mu dusodeko bigashyirwa mu hagati mu dukoni tubirituberamye, ari na two turanga inyandiko nyemvugo.
b) Imbonerahamwe rusange y’ibihekane byose mu nyandiko nyemvugo
Ibisobanuro ku misomere y’imbonerahamwe
1. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere.
2. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’inyuma.
3. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru.
4. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’imbere.
5. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru no mu rusenge rw’inyuma.
6. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu rusenge rw’imbere n’urw’inyuma.
7. Ingombajwi zishyirwa mu mazuru, mu rusenge rw’imbere no mu
rusenge rw’inyuma.8. Ikiciro kihariye.
c) Gutandukanya inyandiko nyejwi n’inyandiko nyemvugo
Inyandiko nyejwi
- Mu nyandiko nyejwi bandika amajwi yose yumvikana batagabanya
ibimenyetso.
- Ibyo banditse bishyirwa mu dusodeko [ ]
- Mu nyandiko nyejwi iyo bandika interuro bandika bafatanije amagambo
yose ayigize.
- Bandika bashyiraho amasaku nyesi n’amasaku nyejuru ndetse n’amasaku
y’integuza.
Inyandiko nyemvugo----
- Bandika bagabanya ibimenyetso ntibandika amajwi yose yumvikana.
- Ibyo bandika bishyirwa hagati y’uturongo tubiri tuberamye / /.
- No mu nyandiko nyemvugo bandika bafatanije interuro.- Amasaku y’integuza ntiyandikwa n’amasaku nyesi ntiyandikwa.
Ikitonderwa:
Iyo ugenzuye neza usanga inyandiko nyemvugo y’ibihekane by’Ikinyarwanda
ijyagusa n’inyandiko isanzwe ariko inyandiko isanzwe yo ikoresha ibimenyetso
bike cyane kugira ngo bidatera urujijo.
Mu rwego rwo kuvanaho urujijo abantu bashobora kugira kuri izi nyandiko zose,
ni ngombwa kugaragaza n’ inyandiko isanzwe y’ibihekane by’Ikinyarwanda.Kugereranyaamajwiy’ibihekane mu nyandikoisanzwe, nyejwinanyemvugo
IMYITOZO
1. Vuga muri make icyo wagenderaho wandika amagambo cyangwa
interuro mu nyandiko nyemvugo.
2. Andika amagambo akurikira mu nyandiko nyemvugo:
a) Ubwato
b) Ukwaha
c) Igihwagari
d) Guhovwa
e) Umwana
3. Andika interuro zikurikira mu nyandiko yemvugo.
a) Umunyeshuri usoma ibitabo ajijuka vuba.
b) Yewe waranasaze!
4. Interuro ikurikira iri mu nyandiko nyejwi. Yandike mu nyandiko
nyemvugo.
[VòòmàvûβûzêthùzàâmûùkhèβûrîìƷeƷîwàâtʃùβàthàzààβûrâmâàzîjôkùβòβèèzìmìgôzîkûkôβàfî thàβâkôzìβâzââβûùβàkjìrùrûgô]
VII.5.Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
Hanga indirimbo ku nsanganyamatsiko wihitiyemo wubahiriza uturango
tw’indirimbo, uzayiririmbire bagenzi bawe.
Ubu nshobora:
- Gusesengura indirimbo zivuga ku ngingo zitandukanye ngaragaza
ibiranga indirimbo.
- Guhanga indirimbo zitandukanye ku nsanganyamatsiko runaka.
- Gusoma no kwandika amajwi y’ibihekane mu nyandiko nyejwi no mu
nyandiko nyemvugo.
-Gusoma no kwandika interuro mu nyandiko nyejwi no mu nyandiko
nyemvugo.
Ubu ndangwa no:
- Guhanga indirimbo nubahiriza ibiranga indirimbo no kuyiririmba
nubahiriza injyana yayo.- Kwitabira umurimo no gushishikariza abandi kuwukora.
VII.6. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa karindwi
Soma umwandiko ukurikira usubize ibibazo byawubajijweho.
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ushingiye ku mwandiko sobanura uburyo gukoresha neza igihe bigira
uruhare mu iterambere.
2. Aho umuhanzi avuga ngo nzaritahe mpundwa impundu yashakaga kuvuga
iki? Ni iriki azataha? Kubera iki?
3. Rondora ibyiciro by’abantu umuhanzi yavuze werekane uburyo ibyo
bakora babikorera ku gihe no ku iterambere muri rusange.
4. Uyu mwandiko uri mu yihe ngeri? Kora isesengura ry’uyu mwandiko
wasomye kandi unagaragaze tumwe mu turango tw’imyandiko nk’iyi.
II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura amagambo akurikira dusanga mu mwandiko “Mu gihe cyange
ngihumeka”.
a) Kuganda
b) Gukorera ijisho
c) Kwirozonga
d) Ubworo
2. Koresha mu nteruro ayo magambo umaze gusobanura.
III. Ibibazo ku nyandiko nyejwi no ku nyandiko nyemvugo
1. Tanga inshoza y’igihekane kandi utange n’ingero ebyiri.
2. Wifashishije ingero ebyiri, sobanura uko amajwi shingiro y’Ikinyarwanda
ahekana.
3. Tandukanya inyandiko nyejwi n’inyandiko nyemvugo.
4. Andika interuro zikurikira mu nyandiko nyejwi:
a) Amakimbirane ni imvano y’intambara.
b) Nta mpamvu yo gupyonda iyo mashini.
IV. Ihangamwandiko
Hitamo umwuga wishakiye maze uwuhimbeho indirimbo ngufi itarengeje ibitero
bitatu n’inyikirizo yabyo. Ntiwibagirwe gushyiramo ikeshamvugo rigomba
I. Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ushingiye ku mwandiko sobanura uburyo gukoresha neza igihe bigira
uruhare mu iterambere.
2. Aho umuhanzi avuga ngo nzaritahe mpundwa impundu yashakaga
kuvuga iki? Ni iriki azataha? Kubera iki?
3. Rondora ibyiciro by’abantu umuhanzi yavuze werekane uburyo ibyo
bakora babikorera ku gihe no ku iterambere muri rusange.
4. Uyu mwandiko uri mu yihe ngeri? Kora isesengura ry’uyu mwandiko
wasomye kandi unagaragaze tumwe mu turango tw’imyandiko nk’iyi.
II. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura amagambo akurikira dusanga mu mwandiko “Mu gihe cyange
ngihumeka”.
a) Kuganda
b) Gukorera ijisho
c) Kwirozonga
d) Ubworo
2. Koresha mu nteruro ayo magambo umaze gusobanura.
III. Ibibazo ku nyandiko nyejwi no ku nyandiko nyemvugo
1. Tanga inshoza y’ igihekane kandi utange n’ingero ebyiri.
2. Wifashishije ingero ebyiri, sobanura uko amajwi shingiro y’Ikinyarwanda
ahekana.
3. Tandukanya inyandiko nyejwi n’ inyandiko nyemvugo
4. Andika interuro zikurikira mu nyandiko nyejwi:
a) Amakimbirane ni imvano y’intambara.
b) Nta mpamvu yo gupyonda iyo mashini.
IV. Ihangamwandiko
Hitamo umwuga wishakiye maze uwuhimbeho indirimbo ngufi itarengeje
ibitero bitatu n’inyikirizo yabyo. Ntiwibagirwe gushyiramo ikeshamvugorigomba kuboneka mu ndirimbo.