UNIT 1: UBURINGANIRE N'UBWUZUZANYE
UBUSHOBOZI BW’INGENZI BUGAMIJWE
-Gusesengura umwandiko ku buringanire n’ubwuzuzane mu Rwanda
atahura ingingo z’ingenzi ziwukubiyemo.
-Gusesengura amazina y’urusobe agaragaza ibiyaranga, ubwoko bwayon’uturemajambo twayo.
IGIKORWA CY’UMWINJIZO
Ushingiye ku bumenyi ufite, sobanura mu magambo yawe bwite
uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye icyo ari cyo, ugaragaze uko bumeze muRwanda kuva kera kugeza ubu.
I.1. Umwandiko: Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda
Kera Umunyarwandakazi ntiyagiraga agaciro mu muryango nyarwanda.
Yahoraga yitwararitse, agahugira mu turimo two mu rugo iyo mu gikari. Yabaga
ategura ishinge ku ruhimbi, aboha imisambi, avuza uruhindu, abuganiza amata
cyangwa acunda. Umukobwa w’inkumi utazi gucunda bamuvugiragaho bati: “Ni
impumbu” cyanecyane iyo atashoboraga gushyigura inumbiri. Inkumi yabaga
imaze kuzira inka ntiyasubiraga mu nka, yacirwaga imuhira akaba imbata
y’imirimo yitwaga ko igenewe igitsina gore gusa. Umukobwa kandi nta bundi
bushobozi bamubonagamo uretse kumutegaho ubukire bushingiye ku nkwano
azakobwa. Aha ni ho amazina nka Nzamukosha, Nzamugurinka, Bazizane,
Kabihogo, Kagaju n’andi yatsindagiraga icyo biteze ku mukobwa akomoka.
Abakobwa ntibashyirwaga mu ishuri cyangwa mu itorero. Bashoboraga gusa
guhanurwa na ba nyirasenge, utamufite agahera mu rungabangabo. Nubundi
ngo: “Utagira nyirasenge arisenga”. Uburere bwahabwaga abana b’abakobwa
bwabateguriraga gusa gushaka, kubyara, kurera no gukora imirimo yo mu rugo,
ubumenyi bahawe bukaba ubwo kubatoza kuba ba “mutima w’urugo”.
Abanyarwandakazi benshi basaga n’ababujijwe kujya ahagaragara. Kumva
hari uwafashe ijambo mu bagabo, mu rungano rwa basaza be byari umuziro.
Uwahirahiraga agatobora akavuga irimuniga yitwaga umushizi w’isoni,
ingare, … Urugero Nyirarunyonga uvugwa mu bitekerezo nyarwanda yiswe
ingare, umusambanyi, inshinzi n’andi mazina kuko yari azi kuganira n’abandi,
akamenya gusetsa no gutebya agati kagaturika. Iyo basobanura uburyo yiboneye
Semuhanuka agaramye mu buro bwe yari yonesheje nkana, akamusanganira
yishimye, agahuza na we umudiho n’urugwiro kugeza ubwo amuha urwuya,
wumva Nyirarunyonga yari akaga.
Ibi byaterwaga n’impamvu nyinshi. Abana bavukaga buri wese atozwa ibyo
agomba gukora. Umuhungu yatozwaga na se guhiga, kuragira, kubaka, guhinga,
gukirana, kujya ku rugamba, guhakwa… Umukobwa agatozwa ibijyanye
n’urubohero no gukora imirimo yo mu rugo nko kuboha ibiseke, imisambi,
gutaka, gucunda amata … Buri wese yumvaga ubuzima ari ko bugenda.
Umuhungu witwaga Byarugamba, Rukaburacumu, Gatabazi, Muhozi, Ngarukiye,
Kamufozi, Rwamacumu cyangwa se Gatanazi yumvaga bimuteye ishema ko
azarwanirira Igihugu cyangwa umuryango. Ibi byari bifite ishingiro kuko u
Rwanda rwahoraga ruhanganye n’impugu zirukikije mu ndwano z’urudaca
hagenderewe kurwagura no kurugwiriza amaboko. Si ibyo gusa, habagaho
n’intambara z’ubwiko zasabaga ko imiryango igwiza amaboko y’abanyamiheto
ku rubyaro rw’abahungu ngo umunsi basumbirijwe n’ibitero bibarusha ingufu
bazivune umwanzi bidasabye kwitwereza amaboko y’imuhana.
Imitekerereze nk’iyi ni yo yabaye intandaro yatumye Umunyarwandakazi
adindira mu kwiga no guhabwa inyigisho z’igihe tugezemo. Bamwe mu
Banyarwandakazi bize batinze ugereranyije n’abagabo. Mu ikubitiro, bashyizwe
mu mashuri abategura kuzaba ababyeyi beza barerera neza umuryango. N’uyu
munsi, hari abagishyigikiye ibitekerezo nk’ibyo. Uwo muco wo gusumbanya
abana si mwiza, kuko wagiye utuma abana b’abakobwa bakurwa mu mashuri
igitaraganya maze umuhungu akaba ari we uhabwa amahirwe yo gukomeza
kwiga, umukobwa agacikiriza amashuri agahera mu keragati. Uyu muco wagiye
ugira ingaruka z’ubumenyi budahagije n’ubushobozi buke ku muntu w’igitsina
gore mu rwego rwo kwirwanaho cyanecyane mu bikorwa n’imirimo bisaba
ikoranabuhanga.
Burya koko “agahugu umuco akandi umuco”. Mu mpande zitandukanye, mu
duce tumwe na tumwe tw’u Rwanda, hagiye hagaragara Abanyarwandakazi
bashoboye gukora imirimo yaharirwaga igitsina gabo. Urugero ni nka Ndabaga
umukobwa w’intwari mwene Nyamutezi wagiye gukura se ku rugerero.
Nyirarumaga, wa musizikazi w’Umusinga na we yahinduye amateka mu busizi
nyarwanda, aho udusigo twari tugufi 3 cyane “ibinyeto” yaturambuyemo ibisigo
bifite imikarago myinshi, bihabwa amazina n’abahanga mu buvanganzo yo kuba
mu bwoko bw’ikobyo, icyanzu cyangwa impakanizi. None se ubwo abagabo
benshi ntibari barabuze aho bahera? Gasharankwanzi ka Bureshyo uvugwa
mu nsigamigani “Yigize inshinzi”, bivugwa ko yari akuriye umutwe w’ingabo
zigizwe n’abagore b’ingare. Robwa na we avugwa ko yatabariye Igihugu agwa i
Gisaka.
Ingero z’inkuru nk’izi zagiye zihindura imitekerereze y’Abanyarwanda. Bagiye
basobanukirwa uruhare rw’umugore mu iterambere ry’umuryango. Hari
n’abiganye umuco w’ahandi nk’i Burayi, ugasanga umugore asukura inzu,
umugabo ari mu gikoni. Hari n’ingo nyinshi zabifasheho umwanzuro, umwe
yajya gutashya undi agasigara asya amasaka cyangwa akarika. Niba mu rugo nta
mukozi uhari, utanze undi kugera mu rugo akanyarukira mu gikoni, agatangira
koza ibikoresho bikenerwa mu rugo, guteka...
Muri iki gihe, hari ibisubizo bigenda biboneka. Amwe mu mategeko agenga
uburezi yaravuguruwe ku buryo abakobwa n’abahungu bashobora kwiga
bimwe. Abakobwa babyaye imburagihe baracutsa bagasubizwa mu mashuri,
abataragize amahirwe yo kujya mu ishuri Leta yabashyiriyeho uburyo bwo
kwibeshaho, bigishwa imirimo n’imyuga inyuranye yabongerera ubushobozi
bwo kwitunga, gutunga ababo no kubaka Igihugu.
Mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’umutungo, Abanyarwandakazi bageze ku ntera
ishimishije. Ubu bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, bafite uburenganzira
bwo guhabwa umunani, bashobora kandi kugira umutungo bwite, akazi
gahemberwa umushahara n’ibikorwa byinjiza amafaranga. Abanyarwanda
bageze ku rwego rwo gusobanukirwa amategeko abarengera n’abarenganura
hakoreshejwe ubutabera.
Imyanya y’ubuyobozi yiharirwaga n’abagabo gusa, ubu ihabwa buri wese
ubifiye ubushobozi. Ubu tumaze kugera kure. Abantu bose basobanukiwe
neza ko uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye biri mu bituma habaho amajyambere
arambye. Ubu mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, umutwe w’Abadepite,
mu ba minisitiri, no mu zindi nzego zifatirwamo ibyemezo, Abanyarwandakazi
bahagaze neza mu ruhando rw’amahanga.
Guharanira uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ariko ntibigomba kuba intandaro
yo gukandamizanya. Abantu b’gitsina gore n’ab’igitsina gabo bagomba
kubahana bakabana mu mahoro, uburenganzira bwa buri wese bukubahirizwa,bakuzuzanya muri byose.
I. 1.1. Gusoma no gusobanura umwandiko
Soma umwandiko “Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda”, ushakemo
amagambo udasobanukiwe hanyuma uyasobanure ukurikije inyito afite mu
mwandiko wifashije inkoranyamagambo.
1. Koresha amagambo akurikira dusanga mu mwandiko mu nteruro
wihimbiye:
a) Ikantarange
b) Guhakwa
c) Gutabarira Igihugu
d) Ubufatanye
e) Ubwuzuzanye
2. Urebye mu merekezo yose, garagaza amagambo ari muri ikikinyatuzu afitanye isano n’umwandiko:
IMYITOZO
1. Koresha amagambo akurikira dusanga mu mwandiko mu nteruro
wihimbiye:
a) Ikantarange
b) Guhakwa
c) Gutabarira Igihugu
d) Ubufatanye
e) Ubwuzuzanye
2. Urebye mu merekezo yose, garagaza amagambo ari muri ikikinyatuzu afitanye isano n’umwandiko:
I.1.2. Gusoma no kumva umwandiko
Ongera usome umwandiko hanyuma usubize ibibazo bikurikira
1. Tandukanya uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye.
2. Vuga inshingano ebyiri z’abagabo n’ebyiri z’abagore zahindutse uko
ibihe byagiye bihinduka.
3. Subiza yego cyangwa oya.
a) Imirimo myinshi isa n’aho yagenewe abagore cyangwa abagabo, ni
iyagenwe n’umuco aho kugenwa n’imiterere kamere y’umuntu. Kubera
iyo mpamvu, ikaba ishobora guhindurwa.
b) Abagabo n’abagore bashobora kugaragarizwa icyubahiro ku buryo
butandukanye.
c) Nta masomo Umunyarwandakazi ahejwe kwiga.
d) Umugabo ni we uzungura umutungo w’umuryango.
4. Abagore basigaye bakora imirimo inyuranye. Muri iki gihe bigaragarirahe?
I.1.3. Gusoma no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ni izihe ngingo z’ingenzi zigaragara muri uyu mwandiko?
2. Kuri wowe uyu mwandiko ugusigiye irihe somo?
3. Tanga ingingo zigaragaza uburyo Ababyarwandakazi bari barapyinagajwekuva kera na kare.
I.1.4. Kungurana ibitekerezo
Mwungurane ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko ikurikira:Akamaro k’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.
I.1.5. Ikiganiro mpaka
Muhereye ku bushobozi mufite bwo gutegura ikiganniro mpaka, nimutegure
kandi mukore ikiganiro mpaka ku nsanganayamatsiko ikurikira:
“Ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ridindiza iterambere ry’umuryangonyarwanda”
IMYITOZO
Ongera wiyibutse ubwoko bw’imyadiko wize maze uhange umwandiko
ufite uturago twa bumwe mu bwoko bw’imyandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko
ikurikira:
“Uwigishije umugore aba yigishije umuryango.”
Umutwe w’umwandiko wawe ube ubwo bwoko bw’umwandikon’insanganyamatsiko.
I.2. Amazina y’urusobe
IGIKORWA
Soma interuro zikurikira witegereza amagambo y’umukara tsiri yavuye
mu mwandiko “Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda” utahure
inshoza, uturango n’ubwoko by’amazina y’urusobe.
a) Ubu Umunyarwandakazi afite uruhare runini mu iterambere
ry’igihugu.
b) Nyirasenge wa Semuhanuka yari umusizikazi.
c) Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bwatumye abantu bava mu
rungabangabo bagera ku majyambere arambye.
d) Rukaburacumu na Gasharankwanzi bavugwa cyane mubuvanganzo nyarwanda.
I.2.1. Inshoza y’izina ry’urusobe
Iyo bavuze izina ry’urusobe twumva izina rishobora kugira uturemajambo
turenze udusanzwe tw’izina nyakimwe. Iyo usesenguye izina ry’urusobe
usanga rifite indomo ebyiri, indangazina ebyiri, ibicumbi bibiri cyangwa se
ugasanga rifite indomo, indanganteko n’igicumbi, ariko rikagira n’ubundi
bwoko bw’ijambo bwiyomekaho.
Ubwoko bw’amagambo ashobora kwiyomeka ku izina nyakimwe rikabyara
izina ry’urusobe hari ikinyazina, umusuma n’akabimbura gishobora kwihagikamu izina nyakimwe rikabyara izina ry’urusobe.
1.2.2. Uturango tw’izina ry’urusobe
Izina ry’urusobe ni izina rikomoka ku magambo arenze rimwe, yiyunga
akarema ijambo rimwe rifite inyito imwe. Mu rwego rw’intêgo, usanga ari izina
rifite uturemajambo turenze utw’izina nyakimwe. Izina ry’urusobe, rishobora
kugira uturemajambo tw’izina twivanzemo utw’inshinga cyangwa ubundibwoko bw’ijambo nk’ikinyazina, umugereka...
I.2.3. Ubwoko bw’izina ry’urusobe
-Amazina y’urusobe tuyasangamo amoko atandukanye:- - - -
-Amazina y’inyunge
-Amazina y’urujyanonshinga
-Amazina y’akabimbura
-Amazina y’umusuma
-Amazina agaragaza amasano
1. Amazina y’inyunge
Izina ry’inyunge ni izina rigizwe n’amazina abiri yiyunze agakora izina rimwe.
Muri ayo mazina abiri, usanga irya kabiri riba risobanura izina riribanjirije.
Amazina y’inyunge nubwo aba agizwe n’amazina abiri yiyunze agira inyito
imwe itari igiteranyo cy’ayo mazina abiri yiyunze. Cyakora, iyo irya kabiri
rifutura irya mbere, yandikwa atandukanye.
Ingero:
-Mwanankundi
-Mugabonake
-Imvugo shusho
-Inyandiko mvugo
-Itegeko teka
Amazina y’inyunge ashobora kuba agizwe n’amazina abiri yunzwe n’ikinyazina
ngenera. Ayo mazina abiri yunzwe n’ikinyazina ngenera ntagira inyito ebyiri,
ahubwo arema inyito imwe nubwo aba agizwe n’amagambo abiri.
Ingero:
-Insina z’amatwi
-Inkondo y’umura
-Inkono y’itabi
-Amaso y’ikibuno
-Amaso y’ikirayi-Utwunyu twa nyamanza
2. Amazina y’urujyanonshinga
Aya mazina y’urujyanonshinga aba ashingiye ku nshinga yiyunze n’icyuzuzo
cyayo, gishobora kuba icyuzuzo mbonera cyangwa icyuzuzo nziguro (izina,inshinga, ikinyazina, umugereka), agakora izina rimwe.
3. Amazina y’akabimbura
Akabimbura ni akaremajambo kihagika imbere y’izina risanzwe mu rurimi
bikabyara
izina rishya.
a) Akabimbura “-nya-“
Akabimbura “-nya-“ kagira ingingo y’ikinyazina ngeneraIngero:
Akabimbura “-a-” gafite ingingo y’ikinyazina ngenera, gakoreshwa cyane mu
Ikinyamateka, umunyamuryango, umunyenzara, umunyamakuru, umunyeshuri
b) Akabimbura “nyiri-“
Akabimbura “nyiri-“ gafite ingingo isa neza n’iy’ikinyazina ngenera.
Ingero:
Nyirumuringa Nyirurugo
Nyirimpuhwe Nyiribambe
Akabimbura “nyira-“ iyo kihagitse mu mazina bwite y’abantu kagira ingingo
y’igitsina
gore. Ingero zikurikira zirabigaragaza.
Ingero:
Igikari: Nyirabikari
Intabire : Nyirantabire
Intama : Nyirantama
c) Akabimbura “sa-” cyangwa “se-”
Akabimbura sa- cyangwa se- gafite inyangingo y’ikinyazina ngenera. Iyo
kihagitse mu mazina bwite, usanga afite ingingo y’igitsina gabo kandi nta
ndomo ayo mazina mashya agira.
Ingero:
Amahoro: Semahoro
Uburo: Seburo
Umusure: Samusure
d) Akabimbura “–ene-”
Akabimbura “–ene-” gafite ingingo nk’iy’ikinyazina ngenera. Amazina bwite
agafite akunze kuba ari amazina rusange. Gashobora kandi kongerera izina
kihagitsemo ingingo igaragaza isano abantu bafitanye.
Ingero:
Imana: Benimana
Ihirwe: Benihirwe
Ikenewabo
e) Akabimbura -ka- kifitemo ingingo ivuga ngo “umugore wa”
Akabimbura -ka- kifitemo ingingo ivuga ngo “umugore wa”, usanga kiganje mu
mazina bwite y’igitsina gore.
Ingero:
Macumu: Mukamacumu
Rutamu: Mukarutamu
Ntwari: Mukantwari
Muhire: Mukamuhire
f) Akabimbura “-a-” gafite ingingo y’ikinyazina ngenera
mazina bwite, kandi amazina kihagitsemo nta ndomo agira.
Ingero:
Inkazi: Kankazi
Amagana: Rwamagana
Imana: Kamana
Imanzi: Kamanzi
4. Amazina y’imisuma
Umusuma ni akaremajambo kongerwa ku izina, gashobora kubaho cyangwa
ntikabeho gafite ibisobanuro. Ikindi ni uko umusuma udasesengurika.
Amazina y’umusuma ni ukuvuga amagambo yongerwaho akaremajambo
kadasesengurwa, kitwa umusuma. Dufite imisuma iri mu byiciro bitatu bikurikira:a) Umusuma “-kazi”
b) Umusuma nsuzuguzi “-azi” ni ukaremajambo gafite inyito yo
Umusuma “-kazi” wumvikanisha igitsina gore.
Ingero:
Umunyarwanda→Umunyarwandakazi,
Inkoko→Inkokokazi,
Umurundi→Umurundikazi,
Umugabe→umugabekazi...
Ikitonderwa: amazina yose aherwa na –kazi si ko aba ari ay’umusuma. Hari
amazina nkomoranshinga ateye nk’ay’umusuma ariko atari yo.
Ingero: Umupfakazi, inkundwakazi
gusuzugura cyangwa gutesha agaciro.
Ingero:
Umuheto→umuhetazi,
Umugabo→umugabazi,
Ibuga→ibugazi,
Ibitaka→ibitakazi…
c) Umusuma sano
Imisuma sano ni uturemajambo dufite inyito y’amasano: “buja”, “rume”,
“senge”, “bukwe”, “kuru”, “kuruza”. Imisuma sano ijyana n’utubimbura sano(ma, nyoko, soko, se, so-, se-nyira) kugira ngo bireme amazina.
Ingero:
Ikitonderwa
- Akabimbura sa- gashobora gukora mu mazina nka Saruhara, Gasabwoya,
1. Amagambo y’urusobe yandikwa umujyo umwe. Gusa mu bisingizo, mu
migani no mu mazina nteruro n’amagambo y’inyunge akabije uburebure,
yandikwa atandukanyijwe, agashyirwa mu twuguruzo n’utwugarizo.
Ingero:
- Umuhanurabinyoma, Rukemanganizi, Karahangabo, Karikumutima... (aya
ni amazina y’urusobe yanditswe umujyo umwe)
-Ubwo “Inshyikanya ku mubiri ya Rugema ahica” aba arahashinze.
-Ubwo “Rumenerangabo Ntarindwa ku mukondo wa Rukaburabimashi” ati: “Ba!”
2. Akabimbura “so” kagira impindurantego “sho”.
Urugero: shobuja.
3. Akabimbura “se” gakomoka ku izina ise cyangwa se, kakagira inyito
y’umuntu w’igitsina gabo ufite cyangwa se utunze nyakuvugwa. Akenshi
ayo mazina aba ari bwite. Usanga gakora nka “nyira” ikomoka ku izina
nyina.
Ingero: Sebuja, Serugo, sebatunzi
4. Akabimbura “nya” gafitanye isano na “nyira”, kakaba gakora kuri ubu
buryo:
Iyo -a- ya nya- ikurikiwe na i y’indomo cyangwa se y’indangahantu, iyo ndomo
ishobora
gutakara cyangwa zombi zikiyungamo - e- biturutse ku igenamajwi
Urugero:
Umunyenzara
Ikitonderwa:- Akabimbura “nya-” gashobora kuba akabimbura nyifuzo iyo kiyunze
n’inshinga iri mu mbundo.
Ingero: nyagutuma, nyakumanikwa, nyakubyara; …-
Akabimbura “nya-” gashobora kwiyunga n’ikinyazina cyangwa n’izina
kagafata inyito yo guhamya (gutsindagira) ikivugwa.
Ingero: inzu nyanzu, abakobwa nyabakobwa; bariya bazaba abategarugori
nyabo.
- Akabimbura “nya-“ gashobora kwiyunga n’izina kakagira inyito y’utunze
cyangwa ufite nyakuvugwa.
Ingero:
Umunyamerwe, umunyamahanga, umunyabintu, umunyenzoga…Gasamagera, Sabato, Sakabaka…
I.2.3. Intêgo y’izina ry’urusobe
arenze rimwe, ariko rikagira inyito imwe. Mu rwego rw’intego, usanga ari izina
IGIKORWA
Shaka intêgo y’amazina y’urusobe ari mu mwandiko “Uburinganire
n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda”, kandi ugaragaze n’amategeko y’igenamajwi.
Uturemajambo tw’amazina y’urusobe
Twabonye ko izina ry’urusobe ari izina usanga rikomoka ku yandi magambo
rifite uturemajambo turenze utw’izina mbonera. Izina ry’urusobe rishobora
kugira uturemajambo
tw’izina twivanzemo utw’inshinga cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw’ijambo
nk’ikinyazina, umugereka…
Ingero:
I.3.Umwitozo w’ubushobozi ngiro bw’umunyeshuri
Mu kinyarwanda baravuga ngo: “Ukurusha umugore akurusha urugo”. Mu
mwandiko muremure, emeza cyangwa uhakane uwo mugani, utanga ingero
zifatika.Muri uwo mwadiko, hagaragaremo amazina y’urusobe adatandukanye
I.4. Isuzuma risoza umutwe wa mbere
Umwandiko: Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu iterambere
II. Ibibazo ku kibonezamvugo
Iterambere ni irya bose si iry’umuntu umwe. Kugira ngo rishoboke, umuryango
ari wo ugizwe n’umugabo n’umugore n’abana bagomba kubigiramo uruhare.
Dore ko abagiye inama Imana ibasanga. Ingero ni nyinshi ariko reka turebe
ingero z’imiryango ibiri ituye ku musozi wa Burimbi. Uti: «Ibayeho ite?»
Umuryango wa Cyubahiro na Kamariza bose bashakanye ari abatindi;
bavugagwa ko nta cyo bakwigezaho. Bo ariko ntibacika intege kuko bahamyaga
ko ibintu ari ibishakwa ntawubivukana. Dore ko bari baramenyaniye mu
mahugurwa y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bwa kijyambere. Aho bahakuye inkunga
ntagereranwa y’uburyo bwo kwiteza imbere, biturutse ku nguzanyo zitangwa
n’ibigo by’imari. Mu gihe bari bamaze kurushinga, rubanda rwakomeje kubaha
inkwenene na bo bati : “Isazi y’ubute ntirya igisebe” kandi ngo “Utayihinganye
ntayikira”. Ubwo berekeye kuri Banki y’Abaturage ya Kinyami gusaba inguzanyo
maze barayihabwa. Bwatinze gucya bashoka igishanga, maze si uguhinga
karahava! Batera imbuto z’indobanure, ijuru na ryo rirabakundira. Isarura rya
mbere, bishyuye icya kabiri ku nguzanyo, banigurira amatungo magufi, harimo
ingurube n’inkoko. Ibyo byatumye benshi ndetse no mu babahaga inkwenene,
bibaza uko babakiranye. Ibyo byaterwaga n’uko batari bazi ibanga ryabo ryo
kubahana no kugirana inama, igihe cyose bagiye gukora icyo ari cyo cyose.
Haciye umwaka umwe, bibarutse abana babiri; umwe yitwa Kiza undi yitwa
Ishimwe. Abo bana bareranywe urukundo, bahabwa n’ibyangombwa bikenewe
nk’ indyo yuzuye, imyambaro ikwiye, ubuvuzi nyabwo, amashuri meza. Usibye
ibyo, bigishijwe uturimo dutandukanye, maze bakura bazi ko akabando
k’iminsi ari umurimo. Ntibyatinze batsinda ikizamini cya Leta kuko biganaga
ikinyabupfura n’ubuhanga ndetse n’abarimu bakabakunda birambuye. Ibyo
bituma abandi bana babareberaho, maze na bo biyuha akuya barabigana mu
matsinda anyuranye, harimo itsinda ryo kurwanya marariya, iryo kubungabunga
ibidukikije. Bamaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, bemerewe kujya kwiga
muri za kaminuza zo mu mahanga. Kiza akurikirana ibyerekeye ikoranabuhanga
naho Ishimwe we akurikira ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi. Nyamara nubwo kwa Cyubahiro
na Kamariza hari impundu, kwa Ntambara na Nyiranuma ho hari ishavu, dore
ko babagaho ku bugenge. Uti: “Ese ibyo bishoboka bite ko abantu babana ku
bugenge boshye abatagira ubwenge?”
Ntambara na Nyiranuma babanye bifashije mu buryo buringaniye, dore ko
bavukaga mu ngo zidasaba umunyu, kandi na bo baribararangije mu Ishuri
Nderabarezi rya Byumba.
Ntibyatinze bibarutse ubwa mbere abana b’impanga ari bo: Semanywa na Keza.
Babareze bibabaje kandi biteye agahinda, kuko batasibaga kurwana kubera
ubusinzi bwa buri munsi. Wasangaga Ntambara na Nyiranuma baramukira mu
kabari kari hafi y’ishuri, kwiyandikisha ngo bazishyura ukwezi gushize. Ubwo
kandi na nyuma y’amasomo, wasangaga utubare twose, ni nde uciye hano ni
Runaka, iyo atabaga umugore yabaga umugabo. Guteka byabaga rimwe ku munsi
nabwo nijoro. Akenshi abana baryamaga batariye, maze bwacya bakarwanira
mu nkono batabanje no kwikiza ubutuna.
Igihe cy’amanywa, abana babo birirwaga mu ngo za rubanda, rimwe bakabaha
ibyo kurya, ubundi bakabibima. Hari ababahaga urw’amenyo babavugiraho
ngo: “Ariko ubundi, aba ko ari abo kwa mwarimu, turabagaburira utw’abana
bacu, hanyuma bage kurenzaho amata n’imigati, ubwo si ubucucu?” Bamwe
bakabibaha, abandi bakabibima. Nyamara se babibonaga ryari? Ubwo abana
bakirirwa bicira isazi mu jisho. Ntibyatinze, basezerewe ku kazi kubera
imyitwarire idahwitse, haba hanze ndetse no ku kazi (gusiba, kudatanga
umusaruro, kurwana no gusebanya). Udufaranga tw’imperekeza twabaye
intica ntikize. Baturiye nk’abagiye gupfa. Koko rero “ntarutamburira imfusha”.
Umunsi umwe haguye imvura y’amahindu, abana benshi bugama hanze kubera
ko bari bataye urufunguzo, ikindi kandi no guhora bahanwa n’abaturanyi,
byatumye bajya kwikinga munsi y’igiti cyari ku irembo ry’iwabo.
Muri iyo mvura, nibwo Keza yafatwaga n’umusonga ariko undi ntiyabimenya
agira ngo ni ugukina. Uko amasaha yagendaga akura, ni na ko yarushagaho
kuremba, maze atangira kubwira umuvandimwe we ko apfuye. Ubwo Semanywa
ahuruza abaturanyi ngo bamujyane kwa muganga. Bamwe bumva umwana
bwangu, ariko abandi bati: “Tujya kubayegamo kwa muganga se, ababyeyi
babo ntibari kunywera iza yose hirya aha? Hari uwo bagurira agacupa?” Bakiri
muri izo mpaka, hatunguka Cyubahiro na Kamariza bavuye kubaza ibyerekeye
imishingirwe n’imikorere y’amakoperative, babona umwana yarembye maze
batumiza ipikipiki bamujyana kwa muganga. Bamugejejeyo, batinze kumwakira
kuko nta n’ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bagiraga. Muganga aramusuzuma maze
ababwira ko hasigaye akuka gake. Koko bidatinze Keza araca.
Inkuru y’inshamugongo ihita ikwira hose ko umwana wa Ntambara na
Nyiranuma yitabye Imana. Abantu barababara cyane kubera ko abana bazize
uburangare bw’ababyeyi babo, dore ko babahamagaye ko abana bari hanze
kandi banyagirwa bakabatera utwatsi. Imihango yo gushyingura iba bosebose
bacitsemo igikuba. Bashinjaga Ntambara n’umugore we urupfu rw’umwana
wabo kuko impanga ye yari yabibasobanuriye. Nyiranuma we amarira yari
yose, bamwe bakamuhoza abandi bakamuha inkwenene. Ubwo abahacaga
bose bifataga ku munwa.
Nuko ishyingura rirangiye, Cyubahiro yahise asaba ijambo, aravuga ati: “Ibi
bikwiye gusubirwamo, abantu bakibutswa inshingano zabo, haba mu ngo ndetse
n’ahandi”. Nibwo basabye umuhuzabikorwa w’umurenge gutumiza inama
y’ikubagahu ngo bafatire ibintu mumaguru mashya. Muri iyo nama, Cyubahiro
na Kamariza bahawe umwanya basobanurira abantu ibintu byinshi bamaze
kugeraho kuko bari bamaze kubazwa ibanga bakoresha. Banababwiye n’ibyo
bateganya kugeraho, mu minsi iri imbere, ariko kandi ko ibyo byose babigezwaho
n’ubwumvikane no kujya inama ku bibazo byabangamira umuryango. Ibinaniye
umwe undi akabikora. Nubwo bari mu bwirabure, ntibyatumye abaturage
bihanganira kubaha amashyi y’urufaya. Abari aho batahana ingamba nshya
cyanecyane ko bibazaga icyo bakora ngo batere imbere. Nyiranuma na
Ntambara bahise basaba abaturage bose imbabazi ndetse bazisaba n’Imana,
bafata ikemezo cyo gusenyera umugozi umwe. Wumvaga bamwe hirya bavuga
ngo: “Harakabaho Cyubahiro na Kamariza”; abandi ngo: “Izina ni ryo muntu!”
I.Ibibazo byo kumva no gusesengura umwandiko
1. Ni iki Kamariza na Cyubahiro bakoze ngo barwanye ubukene ?
2. Imibereho ya Cyubahiro na Kamariza bayikeshaga iki abantu batari bazi?
3. Ni ikihe kintu kiza abana ba Cyubahiro na Kamariza bakoze?
4. Sobanura mu magambo make imibanire y’abana ba Cyubahiro na
Kamariza.
5. Ese hari ikigaragaza ko Ntambara na Nyiranuma bari kuba bifashije?
Ni uwuhe mugani w’Ikinyarwanda wabacira urebye uko ba Kamariza
babayeho?
6. Iyo abana ba Nyiranuma na Ntambara bajyaga mu ngo z’abaturanyi babo,
bababwiraga iki? Ese ibyo bavugaga byari byo?
7. Ni iki Cyubahiro na Kamariza bakoreye Keza?
8. Ni ikihe gikorwa cy’ubutwari Nyiranuma na Ntambara bakoze imbere
y’abaturage bagenzi babo?
9. Andika ingingo z’ingenzi n’iz’ingereka tubona muri uyu mwandiko.
10. Muri uyu mwandiko batubwira ibyerekeye itsinda ryita ku bidukikije,
11. urumva ryaba rishinzwe iki?
12. Sobanura uko umutwe w’uyu mwandiko uhura n’ibivugwamo.
13. Ni irihe somo ry’ubuzima bwa buri munsi wakwigira kuri iyi miryango yombi?
I. Ibibazo by’inyunguramagambo
1. Sobanura aya magambo:
a) Uburinganire
b) Ubwuzuzanye
c) Inkwenene
d) Ubutuna
e) Ikubagahu
f) Gutera utwatsi
2. Simbuza amagambo atsindagiye ayo bivuga kimwe ari mu mwandiko:
a) Kamariza afatanya n’umugabo we mu kuzuza inshingano zo kurera
abana bibarutse.
b) Umutegarugori utiyubashye usanga rubanda bamuseka cyane.
c) Afite agahinda ku buryo no kugira icyo ashyira ku munwa byamunaniye.
d) Yagiye shishi itabona nta cyo atubwiye ku byabaye ku baturanyi be.
3. Andika amagambo ari mu mwandiko asobanura atya:
a) Ukuba ikintu kigeze mu ididaniro.
b) Gushakira umugore ku wundi.
c) Gukora iyo bwabaga, uko ushoboye kose.
4. Koresha amagambo akurikira mu nteruro ukurikije inyito afite mu
mwandiko:
a) Umuganji
b) Gutera utwatsi
c) Kubaha urw’amenyo
d) Kurenga inkombe.
Tahura ubwoko bw’amazina y’urusobe akurikira, ugaragaze uturemajambo
twayo n’amategeko y’igenamajwi:
a) Nyogokuru
b) Mabukwe
c) Nyirinkwaya
d) Sobuja
e) Sebatunzi
f) Nyirabizeyimana
g) Rwankubebe
h)Nyirarunyonga
i) Ikoranabuhanga
j) Amajyambere.