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PART 2: ISLAMIC RELIGION AND ETHICS, UNIT 1: PILLARS OF ISLAM
Key Unity Competence:
The learners will be able to justify the importance of pillars of Islam and practice them in daily life.
Introductory activity 1
People become Christians by being baptised. According to you how do people become Muslim. Identify activities and what they are supposed to confess as they join Islam.
1.1 The Five Pillars of Islam
Learning Activity:1.1
• Hadjati thinks that Qur’an is the moral code conduct for Muslims? Is this statement true? If yes are these moral obligations? If no, justify your answer?
The five pillars of Islam comprise five official acts considered obligatory for all Muslims. The Quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to faith. The ‘Five Pillars’ of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life:
1. Certifying that there is no god to be worshiped but Allah and certifying that Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) is Allah’s messenger;
2. Performing the five daily prayers (Swalat);
3. Alms giving (Zakat) to the needy;
4. Fasting (Swaum) during the month of Ramadan, a self-purification through fasting; and
5. Performance the pilgrimage (during the prescribed month) to Makkah for those who are able once in a lifetime.
a. Two testimonies of Faith.
“There is none worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is the messenger of God.” This declaration of faith is called the (Shahadah), a simple formula that all the faithful pronounce. The significance of this declaration is the belief that the only purpose of life is to serve and obey God, and this is achieved through the teachings and practices of the Last Prophet, Muhammad (peace be upon Him).
b. Swalat or Prayer.
Swalat is the name for the obligatory prayers that are performed five times a day, and are a direct link between the worshipper and God. There is no hierarchical authority in Islam and there are no priests. At the mosques Prayers are led by a learned person called {Imam} who knows the Qur’an. Prayers are performed at dawn (Subhi), mid-day (Dhuhri), late-afternoon (As’ri), sunset (Magrib) and nightfall (Ishaa-i), and thus determine the rhythm of the entire day. While praying some Qur’anic are recited in Arabic, the language of the Revelation. Although it is preferable to worship together in a mosque for male believers, a Muslim may pray almost anywhere the prayer time finds him, such as in fields, offices, factories and universities.
c. Zakat: The financial obligation upon Muslims.
An important principle of Islam is that everything belongs to God, and that wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust. The word Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” Our possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need and for the society in general. Like the pruning of plants, this cutting back balances and encourages new growth. Each Muslim calculates his or her own zakat individually. This involves the annual payment of a fortieth of one’s capital, excluding such items as primary residence, car and professional tools.An individual may also give as much as he or she pleases as (Sadaqah).
Although this word can be translated as “voluntary charity” it has a wider meaning. The Prophet said, “Even meeting your brother with a cheerful face is an act of charity.” The Prophet also said: “Charity is a necessity for every Muslim.” He was asked: “What if a person has nothing?” The Prophet replied: “He should work with his own hands for his benefit and then give something out of such earnings in charity.” The Companions of the Prophet asked: “What if he is not able to work?” The Prophet said: “He should help the poor and needy.” The Companions further asked: “What if he cannot do even that?” The Prophet said: “He should urge others to do what is good.” The Companions said: “What if he lacks that also?” The Prophet said: “He should check himself from doing evil. That is also an act of charity.”
d. Swawm or Fasting.
Every year in the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from dawn until sundown abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations with their spouses during day time. Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are menstruating, pregnant or nursing, are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year if they are healthy and able. Children begin to fast (and to observe prayers) from puberty, although many start earlier. Although fasting is beneficial to health, it is mainly a method of self-purification and self-restraint. By cutting oneself from worldly comforts, even for a short time, a fasting person focuses on his or her purpose in life by constantly being aware of the presence of God. God states in the Qur’an: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may learn self-restraint.” (Q.2:183). At the end of Fasting Ramadhan the Muslim communities celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr, which is one of the two holidays of the Islamic calendar.e.
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
The pilgrimage to Makkah (the hajj) is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to do so. Nevertheless, over two million people go to Makkah each year from every corner of the globe providing a unique opportunity for those of different nations and colors to meet one another. The annual pilgrimage begins in the twelfth month called DHUL-HIJJA of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar). Pilgrims wear special clothes: simple garments that strip away distinctions of class and culture, so that all stand equal before God.
The rites of the pilgrimage, which are of Abrahamic origin, include going around the (Ka’bah) seven times, and going seven times between the hills of (Safa) and (Marwa) as did Hagar (Hajar, Abraham’s wife) during her search for water. The pilgrims later stand together on the wide plains of ‘Arafat (a large expanse of desert outside Makkah) and join in prayer for God’s forgiveness, in what is often thought as a preview of the Day of Judgment. The close of the pilgrimage is marked by a festival, the (Eid -ul Adha) one of the two holidays of the Islamic calendar which is celebrated with prayers and animal sacrifices and the exchange of gifts in Muslim communities everywhere.
Application Activity: 1.1
• Discuss with examples the importance of pillars of Islamic faith in relation to God and in relation to Muslim community as well as fellow human be-ings.
• Are there some festivals associated with pillars of faith in Islam? What are their importance?
1.2. The Importance of Monotheism (Tawheed)
Learning Activity: 1.2
• What do you think is the basis of Islamic faith in theory and in practice? Justify your answer with concrete examples:
Tawheed is the main foundation upon which the religion of Islam stands. The entire Qur’an is only a call to Tawheed (i.e. that it is a detailed explanation of La ilaha ila Allah and how we require to act on it). The verses (Ayats) of the Qur’an are of five types:
1. Those that describe Allah.
2. Those that tell us to worship Allah alone.
3. Those that teach us about Fiqh [i.e. the permissible(Halal) and the prohibited(Haram)].
4. Those that mention the people of Monotheism (Tawheed), past and future.
5. Those that inform us about the people of Polytheism (Shirk opposite of Tawheed) and disbelief(Kufr).
Some Reasons why Monotheism (Tawheed) is so important:
1. Allah has created mankind and the Jinn so that they should worship Him alone, which is the essence of Tawheed. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “And I (Allah) created not the Jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me (Alone).” [Q.51:56]
2. Allah has sent Prophets and Messengers and revealed Divine Scriptures upon them to call people from the ignorance of false beliefs to the truth of Tawheed. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): ‘Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Tâghût (all false deities, i.e. do not worship anything besides Allah).’” [Q. 16:36]. Regarding to the revelation of Divine Scriptures, Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “He (Allah) sends down the angels with the Rûh (Revelation) of His Command to whom of His servants He wills (saying): ‘Warn mankind thatnone has the right to be worshipped but I), so fear Me (by abstaining from sins and evil deeds).” [Q. 16:2].
3. A Muslim believes in monotheism (Tawheed), so he worships Allah alone without ascribing any partners to Him, follows everything that Allah has commanded him to do and abstains from everything that Allah has prohibited. Therefore,Tawheedis the main differentiating factor between a Muslim and Non-Muslims. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “He it is Who created you, then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers. And Allah is All-Seer of what you do.” (Q. 64:2)
4. Leading a life based onTawheedensures success both in the life of this world and in the life hereafter. When Allah sent Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife to live in this world along with Satan, He (i.e. Allah) commanded them the following (interpretation of the meaning): “He (Allah) said: ‘Get you down (from Paradise to the earth), both of you together, some of you are an enemy to some others. Then if there comes to you guidance from Me, then whoever follows My Guidance he shall neither go astray nor shall be distressed. But whosoever turns away from My Reminder (i.e. neither believes in this Qur’an nor acts on its teachings), verily, for him is a life of hardship, and We shall raise him up blind on the Day of Resurrection.’” [Q. 20:123-124]
5. The first command we find in the Qur’an is to establish (Tawheed) where Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allah), who created you and those who were before you so that you may become Al-Muttaqûn [the pious believers of Islamic Monotheism who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained)].” [Q. 2:21]
6. Tawheed is the right of Allah upon us, because the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Verily the right of Allah upon His servants is that they worship Him and not associate anyone in partnership with Him, and the right of the servants upon Allah is that He does not punish those who do not commit polytheism (Shirk) with Him.”.
7. Tawheed is the cause for our entering Paradise, because the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever testifies that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah will enter the Paradise).”
8. Because of Tawheed Allah will forgive all sins of people and release them from the fire of Hell. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “A man will be brought to the Balance on the Day of Resurrection, and there will be brought out for him ninety-nine scrolls, every scroll of them stretching [when unrolled] as far as the eye can reach, in which are written his sins and his offenses, they will be put on one pan of the Balance. Then a small card will be brought out on which is written the Testimony of Faith: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is His servant and messenger’, which will be put in the other pan and it will outweigh all his wrongdoing.”
Application Activity 1.2
• What is the importance of Tawheed in a Muslim’s daily life?
1.3. Categories of Monotheism
Learning Activity: 1.3
• Why do you think Allah alone should be worshiped? Not other divinities or creatures?
Linguistically, the word Tawheed, in Arabic, means unification (to make something one). In Islam, it refers to Allah being singled out alone (monotheism), in all that is particular to Him. The opposite of Tawheed is polytheism ‘Shirk’ which is to associate partners with Allah by giving (or attributing) that which is exclusively His to others.Scholarly Tawheed has been divided into three categories which help us to understand why Allah alone deserves to be singled out for worship. The division of Tawheed into three categories helps us to understand as to how our Creator is Unique and Alone in being singled out for worship and reverence. The three categories of Tawheed are:
The categories of Monotheirsm are the following:
The unity of Allah’s Lordship (Tawheed-Ar Rububiyat).Through this we understand that it is Allah Who Alone created the universe, which is why one of His divine names is The Creator (Al-Khaaliq). Through this we know that it is Allah Alone Who controls the universe and allows things to happen. This is why Allah refers to Himself in the Quran as The Sovereign (Al-Malik). Hence, when something happens, it only happens with the permission of Allah, as stated in the Qur’anic verse (which means): {And no calamity strikes except with the permission of Allah} [Q.64:11].
The Prophet further elaborated on this concept of Allah’s control over the universe by saying: “Be aware that if the whole of mankind gathered together in order to do something to help you they would only be able to do something which Allah had already written for you. Likewise, if the whole of mankind gathered together to harm you, they would only be able to do something to harm you which Allah had already written to happen to you”.
We know that another name, which Allah chooses to call Himself by, is the Sustainer (Ar-Razzaaq). Allah provides us with our food, shelter, clothing, families and friends. When our crops seem to be dying and there is not a cloud in sight, it is Allah Who sends down His rain from the skies and sustains us. Allah Says (what means): {Allah is the Creator of all things and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.} [Q.39:62]
The Unity of Allah’s Worship.
This part of Tawheed is known as (Tawheed al-Ibaada), or the unity of Allah’s worship (Tawheed al Uluhiya), this unity confirms that it is Allah alone Who has the exclusive right to be worshipped. It is this aspect of Tawheed which is the most important and the purpose of mankind creation.
It is through this that we learn how to worship our Creator alone. Allah is not the kind of god who does not respond or hear your calls. He is not the kind of god who needs some sort of middleman to take our prayers up to Him. Rather, Allah says (what means): {and your Lord says, Call upon Me; I will respond to you.} [Q.40:60].
There is nothing to prevent a person from calling directly upon Allah and asking for His help and forgiveness. Unfortunately, this is violated by most of mankind who believe that other men can intercede for them and even grant them forgiveness because of their apparent special status! This allows for them to then hear the confessions of people’s sins and subsequently grant them forgiveness. It is this kind of behaviour which takes a person away from the worship of Allah to the worship of man. Learning about the Tawheed of Allah is the most important thing for the whole of humanity. For if we learn how to trust and worship our Creator with sincerity, then and only then, will we escape from the slavery and captivity of this life. It is by worshipping Allah alone that a man does achieve true peace and success.
The Unity of Allah’s names and Attributes.
This category of Tawheed is known as (Tawheed Al-Asmaa’i wa-Siffat) or the unity of Allah’s Names and Attributes. Allah Says in the Quran (what means): {Allah, there is no deity except Him. To Him belong the best names.} [Q.20:8]. This category of Tawheed helps us to understand who our Creator is through His Names and Attributes. Through his names and Attributes we know that Allah is far beyond our imagination and bears no resemblance to human beings. {There is nothing like unto Him and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.} (Q.42:11). Muslims use the 99 names of Allah in daily glorifying and supplicating Allah.
1.4. Understanding Polytheism (Shirk).
Learning Activity: 1.4
Frederic is a pious and attends all Muslim prayers every Friday. However, recent-ly, when his son was sick, decided to visit a witchcraft house in 12 km from his home. He has done this more than 4 times.
• What do you think about the attitudes of Frederic in relation to his belief in Allah?• Are there consequences of his attitudes to God, himself, Muslim community and the society in general?Definition of Shirk.Shirk is worship or belief in many gods associated with Allah in those aspects which are unique to Allah and His exclusive right. Shirk is to worship created beings and associate them with Allah, and to assign a portion of Allah’s divinity to someone else.Shirk means associating partners with Allah and it is the opposite of oneness (Tawheed). The Quran calls people to accept the oneness of Allah and severely prohibits people from associating partners with His personality or attributes. The Quran states that shirk is a big sin and oppression that God Almighty will never forgive associating partners with him and that He will forgive the sins except shirk of the people He wishes.Severity of Shirk.There is no issue upon which Islam is so strict as the one of monotheism(Tawheed). Therefore, shirk is considered the greatest violation with which the Lord of the heavens and the earth is defied. The severity of shirk can be summarized in the following points:(1) Shirk makes the Creator like His creation, in that matters that are exclusive to Allah are associated with others who have no right to it. Therefore, Allah declares shirk to be the greatest wrong, “Indeed to ascribe partners (unto Him) is a tremendous wrong.” (Q.31:13)(2) Allah has declared that He will not forgive the sin of Shirk unless the person sincerely repents from it, “Surely Allah forgives not that a partner should be set up with Him, and forgives all besides that to whom He pleases.” (Q.4:48)(3) Allah has forbidden Paradise to those who commit shirk and die without repenting from, condemning him to Hell for eternity, “Surely whoever associates (others) with Allah, Allah has forbidden to him Paradise and his abode is the Fire.” (Q.5:72)(4) All the good works a person may have done are lost, become worthless, and are rendered vain if a person dies unrepentant of shirk, “And certainly, it has been revealed to you and to those before you: if you should associate (anything) with Allah, your work would surely become worthless, and you would surely be among the losers.” (Q.39:65)(5) Shirk is the deadliest of all major sins. On one occasion, the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon him, asked his companions if they knew what was greatest of all major sins. He then explained to them, “The major sins are: shirk, not being kind to one’s parents...”.Types of Shirk.
The texts of the Qur’an and Sunat indicate that shirk and the ascribing of rivals to Allah sometimes puts a person beyond the pale of Islam and sometimes it does not. Hence the scholars divided (Shirk) into two types which they call major shirk(Shirk al-Akbar) and Minor shirk(Shirk al-Asghar).Following is a brief description of each type.Major Shirk (Shirk Akbar).This means ascribing to someone other than Allah something that belongs only to Allah, such as Lordship(Rububiyyah), Worship(Ibadah) and his names and attributes (Asmai wa Swifati). This kind of (Shirk) may sometimes be outward (such as the Shirk of those who worship idols and graves, or the dead or absent). Or it may sometimes be hidden (such as those who put their trust in other gods besides Allah.• Shirk in Allah Being the Lord. This category includes:a. Atheism (the belief that human beings have no Lord). According to Islam Pharaoh denied the existence of Allah and claimed his own self to be the Lord over Moses and the people of Egypt. He announced to people: “I am your Lord, Most High.” (Q. 79:24). Modern day philosophers that deny the existence of Allah or scientists who consider the universe to have created itself or to have no beginning or end fall under this category. Also, the idea that the nature itself is God is also Shirk.b.The belief that Allah shares His rule and control over the creation.People who fall into this category are those who may believe in Allah’s powers and abilities, but also believe that Allah is several “persons,” that He is somehow “split” into different beings. Islam teaches that Allah is One in every sense: perfect, indivisible, and complete. Another example of this shirk is held by people who pray to the dead. They believe the souls of the dead people and other people can meddle in the affairs of mortal men, that somehow the departed souls can cause change in the life of men and women by answering their prayers or in other ways. The truth is that the dead have no power over the lives of the living; they cannot answer anyone’s prayers, nor protect them, nor grant their wishes.• Greater Shirk: Shirk in worship.Muslims only worship Allah, pray to Him, do prostration to Him and they only say certain praises and glorifications to Allah and they cannot use them for anyone else. When someone is elevated the way Allah should be elevated, or if people praise someone or something in a way that Allah should be praised, then you will not accept it. You can praise people, but there are certain kinds of praises that are only for Allah.Know that no one is going to come between us and Allah. Even our beloved prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) does not come “between” us and Allah. His mission was to connect us to Allah directly; the companions never sought Allah’s help through the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). They asked him to pray for them when he was alive, but never did they go to his blessed grave (peace be upon him) and ask him to ask forgiveness from Allah on their behalf. When we pray to God, we pray to him “through” no one. So that’s the first thing, direct worship only to Him and we do not ascribe partners or people in any way to the level of divinity. This means we only do glorifications and praises to Him alone.• Greater Shirk: Shirk in Allah’s Names &Attributes. Making Allah like the creation or making the creation like Allah is the essence of Shirk on Allah’s Names and Attributes. It can be further classified into two types:1. Humanizing Allah by giving Him attributes similar to humans, depictions of God in paintings and sculpture are of this type. The Muslim tradition has been clear on this point because of the Quran’s clear teachings, “There is nothing like Him, and He sees and hears all things.” (Q. 42:11).2. Another form of this type of Shirk is when human beings are deified by giving them divine names or qualities. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (peace be upon him), said: “Allah Almighty has said: ‘The son of Adam... reviled Me and he had no right to do so... As for his reviling Me, it is his saying: Allah has taken to Himself a son, while I am the One, the Everlasting Refuge. I beget not nor was I begotten, and there is none comparable to Me.’”.• Major Shirk in the form of Beliefs: Such as the belief that there is someone else, who creates, gives life and death, reigns or controls the affairs of the universe along with Allah. Or the belief that there is someone else who must be obeyed absolutely besides Allah, so they follow him in regarding as permissible (Halaal) or forbidden (Haraam) whatever he wants, even if that goes against what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) conveyed to us. Or they may associate others with Allah in love and veneration, by loving a created being equally as they love Allah.• Major Shirk in the form of Spoken Words”: Such as those who make pray to someone other than Allah, or seek his help or seek refuge with him with regard to matters over which no one has control except Allah, whether the person called upon is a Prophet, an angel or a jinn, or some other created being. This is a kind of major shirk which puts one beyond the pale of Islam. Or such as those who make fun of religion of Allah. Or who liken Allah to His creation, or say that there is another creator, provider or controller besides Allah. All of these are major shirk and a grave sin that is not forgiven if someone commits it and dies without repenting from them.• Major Shirk in the form of Actions: Such as one who sacrifices, prays or prostrates to something other than AllahMinor Shirk (Shirk Asw’gar).This includes everything that may lead to a major shirk, or which is described in the texts as being shirk; but does not reach the extent of being major shirk in itself. This is mainly of two main types:• Minor Shirk in the form of Beliefs: Such as the belief that something may be a cause of bringing benefit or warding off harm, when Allah has not made it so; or believing that there is a blessing in a thing, when Allah has not made it so.• Minor Shirk in the form of Spoken Words: Such as when some people, “We have been given rain because such and such event” without believing that the events could independently cause rain to fall. This is because it is Allah who gives rains as He wills. Or swearing by something other than Allah, without believing in godship of the thing sworn by or regarding it as equal with Allah. (If someone swears by something believing in its godship, then it is major shirk). Or saying words like, “Whatever Allah wills and you will”. (Even it is said for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), rather, it is recommended to say {If Allah wills and then you will}• Minor Shirk in the form of Actions. This applies to one who touches a thing seeking its blessing, when Allah has not created any blessing in it, such as kissing the doors of the mosque, touching the thresholds of the mosque and seeking healing from its dust, and other such actions.Minor Shirk (Shirk Asw’gar).This includes everything that may lead to a major shirk, or which is described in the texts as being shirk; but does not reach the extent of being major shirk in itself. This is mainly of two main types:• Minor Shirk in the form of Beliefs: Such as the belief that something may be a cause of bringing benefit or warding off harm, when Allah has not made it so; or believing that there is a blessing in a thing, when Allah has not made it so.• Minor Shirk in the form of Spoken Words: Such as when some people, “We have been given rain because such and such event” without believing that the events could independently cause rain to fall. This is because it is Allah who gives rains as He wills. Or swearing by something other than Allah, without believing in godship of the thing sworn by or regarding it as equal with Allah. (If someone swears by something believing in its godship, then it is major shirk). Or saying words like, “Whatever Allah wills and you will”. (Even it is said for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), rather, it is recommended to say {If Allah wills and then you will}• Minor Shirk in the form of Actions.This applies to one who touches a thing seeking its blessing, when Allah has not created any blessing in it, such as kissing the doors of the mosque, touching the thresholds of the mosque and seeking healing from its dust, and other such actions.• Lengthing the prayer, or perhaps, only the period of prostration in front of others in intentions of being wondered by them;• Purposely displaying the effects of fasting or other deeds on the body;• Speaking unnecessarily about good deeds done previously, seeking admiration.• Lowering the voice to imply fear of Allah or others affected mannerisms.• Showing off knowledge or skills in conversation or using the remembrance of Allah repeatedly to give an impression.• Reciting the holy Quran in good sound in order to be praised.However some reassurance may be necessary, for there are things which one might imagine to be shirk but are not such as setting a good example for others (as a means of teaching) like giving donations and charity in public to attract other’s donations. Now we know what Hidden Shirk is, now we can bring back the true worship of Allah, Scholars have recommended treatments for ‘diseases of the heart’.• Remember the greatness of Allah and then the insignificance of the world and its impermanent state. Remember that the ultimate source of all benefit and harm to yourself and all beings is Allah. Remember Allah looks into your heart.• Once you are aware of your mistake, turn to Allah in ernest repentance, asking forgiveness and correcting yourself thereafter. The prophet (saw) taught his companions this supplication: “O Allah, we seek refuge in you from associating with you anything we know of, and we ask your forgiveness for that which we do not know”.• Make a conscious effort to do more righteous deeds secretly without mentioning them until it becomes a habit.• Take as friends and companions those you consider to be sincere, righteous and God-fearing. Encourage them to point out your faults and help you to overcome them. Accept advice without anger and try to follow that which is conducive to improvement.• Finally, do not let Shaytan prevent your good works by suggesting that you are showing off. If you find something of that within, continue your work but correct your intention, seeking acceptance from Allah alone. For in Allah’s acceptance is salvation and success.“O Lord, do not let our hearts deviate after you have guided us, and give us from yourself mercy. Indeed, it is you who is the Giver (of all things).” (Q.3:8).Application Activity: 1.4• Explain the consequences of committing Shirk.• Identify the implications of Shirk in worshipping activities.1.5 End Unit AssessmentUnit assessment 1 Questions1) Some Scientists nowadays deny the existence of Allah considering the universe created itself or has no beginning or end or believe in Polytheism, how can you reply them? Give arguments.2) Give some Reasons why Monotheism (Tawheed)is so important.3) Make a difference between Greater Shirk & Lesser Shirk.4) What Hidden Shirk means?Give other examples of Hidden Shirk.5) Allah said: {Had there been therein (in the heavens and the earth) gods besides Allah, then verily both would have been ruined. Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, (High is He) above what they attribute to Him!} (Q.29:22).How can you compare the meaning of this verse with polytheism?